感染对缺血性脑卒中发病的影响

缺血性脑卒中的发生除传统高危因素外还和动脉的炎性反应有关,如血管壁内炎性细胞的聚集,早期参与触发动脉粥样硬化的形成,晚期促进动脉粥样硬化斑块的破裂和血栓的形成。微生物的慢性感染已被发现有增加卒中发生的危险,而机体产生免疫反应的强弱程度也起到重要作用。微生物的感染通过多个机制影响卒中的发生。概述了感染、炎症与缺血性脑卒中发病方面的研究现状以及由此带来的对缺血性脑卒中预防与治疗决策的可能影响。     

感染对缺血性脑卒中发病的影响

缺血性脑卒中的发生除传统高危因素外还和动脉的炎性反应有关,如血管壁内炎性细胞的聚集,早期参与触发动脉粥样硬化的形成,晚期促进动脉粥样硬化斑块的破裂和血栓的形成.微生物的慢性感染已被发现有增加卒中发生的危险,而机体产生免疫反应的强弱程度也起到重要作用.微生物的感染通过多个机制影响卒中的发生.概述了感染、炎症与缺血性脑卒中发病方面的研究现状以及由此带来的对缺血性脑卒中预防与治疗决策的可能影响.     

短暂性脑缺血发作对近期卒中风险预测的研究进展

短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)后短期内继发卒中的风险比较高,如果能够对TIA患者及时进行简单、有效的风险评估和预测,筛选出其中的高危患者,并采取积极的治疗措施,则有可能阻止继发卒中的发生.随着TIA诊断标准的不断完善,临床上用于TIA后继发卒中评估的工具也在不断改进.本文概述了TIA后近期卒中的各种评价方法,重点阐述了ABCD2量表、ABCD3量表及其他引申量表在TIA后继发中的作用.     

德州地区进展性缺血性脑卒中相关危险因素的研究

探讨进展性缺血性脑卒中（SIP）的相关危险因素。选择德州市人民医院1999年～2009年163例SIP患者,首先对18个变量行单因素分析,然后对阳性变量行多因素Logistic逐步回归分析,筛选SIP发生的相关危险因素。高血压史、感染、加拿大卒中量表（CNS）评分、高血糖、TG、纤维蛋白原、脑水肿、颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄...     

德州地区进展性缺血性脑卒中相关危险因素的研究

探讨进展性缺血性脑卒中(SIP)的相关危险因素.选择德州市人民医院1999年～2009年163例SIP患者,首先对18个变量行单因素分析,然后对阳性变量行多因素Logistic逐步回归分析,筛选SIP发生的相关危险因素.高血压史、感染、加拿大卒中量表(CNS)评分、高血糖、TG、纤维蛋白原、脑水肿、颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄、同型半胱氨酸和D-二聚体10个变量与SIP发生显著相关(P<0.05);脑水肿、颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄、高血糖、感染、高纤维蛋白原水平和同型半胱氨酸6个因素是SIP发生的危险因素.脑水肿、颈动脉粥样硬化性狭窄,高血糖、感染、高纤维蛋白原在SIP发生中具有重要作用,为临床治疗提供了理论依据.     

Is It Harmful? A Thomistic Perspective on Risk Science in Social Welfare

Journal of Religion and Health - Probabilistic information is used increasingly, from medical research to weather forecasting. The relationship between probability and causality requires an...     

Physical Activity,Suicide Risk Factors,and Suicidal Ideation in a Veteran Sample

The association between current level of suicidal ideation and physical activity was tested in a broad sample of veterans seeking care from the Veterans Health Administration. It was hypothesized that the two variables would be significantly inversely related. It was further hypothesized that the relationship would be mediated by depressive symptoms, disturbed sleep, and a measure of heart rate variability based on existing research regarding physical activity and sleep. Due to the first hypothesis not being supported, the second could not be tested. Post hoc correlation analyses did find associations between physical activity and depressive symptoms, in expected directions, and are discussed. Possible explanations for the negative findings along with recommendations for future research to continue exploring links between suicide risk and physical activity are presented. We conclude by suggesting that physical activity may have promise as a risk reduction intervention and that prospective data are more likely to yield significant results than the cross‐sectional methodology employed in the current study.     

Suicide Risk Protocols: Addressing the Needs of High Risk Youths Identified through Suicide Prevention Efforts and in Clinical Settings

Several agencies have emphasized the importance of establishing clear protocols or procedures to address the needs of youths who are identified as suicidal through suicide prevention programs or in emergency department settings. What constitutes optimal guidelines for developing and implementing such protocols, however, is unclear. At the request of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, we provide an overview of recommendations, as well as steps taken in conjunction with selected prevention programs and in emergency department settings to address the needs and improve the care of these youths.     

脑卒中患者家属的焦虑状况及其影响因素分析

了解脑卒中患者家属的焦虑状况及其影响因素。采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）及自制的一般状况调查问卷对240名脑卒中患者家属进行问卷调查。脑卒中患者家属的焦虑状况明显高于国内常模（P〈0．01）;其中家属的性别、年龄、文化程度、与患者关系、患者神经功能缺损程度及医疗费用的缴付方式与患者家属的焦虑有关（P〈0．01）。患者家属的...     

Risk in a parent's eyes: Effects of gender and parenting experience

The present study is an attempt to investigate how sex of parent, parenting experience, and child's gender influence parents' reactions to risky and annoying behaviors of children. The subjects were 15 sets of expectant parents and 16 sets of parents from each of three other family configurations (one boy, one girl, or both a boy and a girl). The subjects viewed a 23-minute videotape composed of 22 videoclips. Each videoclip depicted a common activity for a 12- to-36-month-old child that could elicit parental intervention because of risk or annoyance or both. Fifteen scenes were acted by children who had been previously rated as gender ambiguous in appearance. The audio portion of the tape identified each genderambiguous child as a boy to some subjects and as a girl to others. The subjects were instructed to press buttons to indicate when they would respond and the types of response (physical or verbal) they would make. Analyses showed strong effects of parenting experience for latency and number of interventions. Generally, parents of one boy intervened most quickly, followed by parents of two children, parents of one girl, and expectant parents. The gender label manipulation showed effects only on the high risk tapes. Mothers responded more than fathers in situations that were annoying but not risky. Mothers and fathers agreed when children were engaged in risky behaviors. The use of videoclips to study parent socialization is a useful supplement to observations and self-report questionnaires.Preparation of the gender labeling tasks was supported in part by BRSG Grant 50 7RR07080 awarded by the Biomedical Research Support Program, Division of Research Resources, National Institutes of Health. Part of the article is based on the doctoral dissertation of the first author, presented to the Department of Psychology, University of Oregon. Data analyses and preparation of the article were completed while the third author was on a postdoctoral fellowship (Grant 1 T32 MH 16955-01) through the Oregon Social Learning Center.     

脑卒中患者家属的焦虑状况及其影响因素分析

了解脑卒中患者家属的焦虑状况及其影响因素.采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)及自制的一般状况调查问卷对240名脑卒中患者家属进行问卷调查.脑卒中患者家属的焦虑状况明显高于国内常模(P＜0.01);其中家属的性别、年龄、文化程度、与患者关系、患者神经功能缺损程度及医疗费用的缴付方式与患者家属的焦虑有关(P＜0.01).患者家属的焦虑状况较严重,因此须早期对患者家属进行必要的健康教育和心理干预,从而为患者的长期护理及早期康复提供一个有力的保障.     

Developing Faith-Based Health Promotion Programs that Target Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Risk Factors

Journal of Religion and Health - The aim of this study was&nbsp;to evaluate the impact of a faith-based health promotion program on the ideal health behaviors shared between cardiovascular...     

Personal Control, Self-Efficacy in Sexual Negotiation, and Contraceptive Risk among Adolescents: The Role of Gender

Adolescents’ sexual decision making is shaped by normative ideas about “appropriate” sexual roles for women and men; consequently, the motivation and ability to engage in safer sex may be different for adolescent girls and boys. The aim of this study was to explore how social–psychological resources influence the behavior of girls and boys within the highly gendered and inequitable domain of sexual relationships. I used data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) to examine whether personal control and self-efficacy in sexual negotiation are associated with contraceptive risk (engaging in sexual intercourse or not using condoms) among adolescents and whether these associations differ for adolescent boys and girls. Results indicate that personal control and self-efficacy in sexual negotiation are significantly associated with safer sex behavior, and are often more important for girls than for boys in predicting contraceptive risk.     

Family Protection and Prevention of Alcohol Use Among Hispanic Youth at High Risk

Research regarding prevention strategies for Hispanic youth stress the importance of family interventions because of the particular importance of family as a protective factor within the Hispanic community. Starting in 1995, the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention conducted the National Cross-Site Evaluation of High Risk Youth Programs, a 5-year drug and alcohol prevention study with a sample of approximately 10,500 youth, including nearly 3,000 Hispanic youth. Youth were surveyed regarding their alcohol use patterns and risk and protective factors, with several measures of family relationships, including family connectedness, family supervision, and parental attitudes toward their child's alcohol use. Analyses indicate that family factors are highly linked to alcohol use among Hispanics, particularly among Hispanic females. Longitudinal growth curve analyses indicate that improving the connections that young Hispanic females have to their parents can have positive long-term effects on delaying or reducing their alcohol use. This evaluation was conducted under the direction of Dr. Soledad Sambrano, Ph.D. of the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention under contract #2777-95-5002 with EMT Associates, Inc. and ORC Macro. The views expressed herein represent the opinions and analyses of the individual authors and may not necessarily reflect the opinions, official policy, or position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration, or the Center for Substance Abuse Prevention.     

Risk taking as a predictor of adolescent sexual activity and use of contraception

A hypothesis of high-risk behaviors associated with adolescent sexual activity and lack of contraceptive use was tested in a longitudinal random sample of both male and female youths. The data were part of the Rutgers Health and Human Development Project. 1380 subjects were ascertained by random telephone calling were given self-report questionnaires and personality profiles including the Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale, and Jackson's Personality Research Form in 1979 and 1981. Incidence of sexual activity and use of contraceptives increased with age from age 12-21. Cohort effects were apparent with use of some contraceptive methods. Of the variables indicating risk- taking, disinhibition, impulsivity and experience seeking, there were significant associations between sexual activity and disinhibition and experience seeking, for females. There were no significant associations between these variables and sexual activity in males. Contrary to the hypothesis, there were no relationships between either consistency of birth control use or reliability of the method used and behavioral indicators of risk-taking. Thus this 1st study in the field that included both males and females from the general population, as opposed to college students, found that sexually active adolescents were higher risk-takers than virgins, but no relationship between risk-taking and effectiveness of contraception was observed.     

Risk Factors Proximate to Suicide and Suicide Risk Assessment in the Context of Denied Suicide Ideation

Health care providers have significant opportunities to identify individuals at near‐term risk for suicide, but lack empirical data on near‐term risk factors. This study aimed to identify dynamic, state‐related risk factors observed by clinical practitioners within the last 30 days of life of 157 patients who died by suicide and to compare these near‐term risk factors among patients who denied versus responded positively to having suicide ideation (SI ) when last asked by a clinical practitioner prior to their death. Risk factors charted for the majority of all decedents were a history of prior suicide ideation and/or suicide attempt, current anxiety/agitation and sleep problems, current interpersonal problems or job/financial strain, current comorbid diagnoses, current social isolation/withdrawal, and a family history of mental disorder. Two‐thirds of patients denied having SI when last asked and one‐half of these patients were dead by suicide within 2 days. Decedents who denied having SI were quite similar in charted diagnoses, symptoms, behaviors, and environmental circumstances to decedents who responded affirmatively to having SI . Reliance on verbalized or reported SI as a gateway to a suicide risk assessment is questioned and the need for better understanding near‐term risk for suicide, particularly in the absence of stated SI , is highlighted.     

Exposure to violence, quality of life, and health status in a group of farm workers in South Africa: a preliminary report

Farm workers (N=52), ages 18 to 60 years (M=34.1, SD=11.1), completed the Survey of Exposure to Community Violence, General Health Questionnaire-28, and the Quality of Life Inventory. Farm workers reported average Exposure to Violence, very low Quality of Life, and subaverage Health Status. No significant correlation was found between scores on Exposure to Violence and Quality of Life. Exposure to Violence was significantly correlated with poor Health Status in women but not in men. The implication of these results is discussed.     

Smoking on School Property as a Risk Factor for Substance Use Among Adolescent Smokers

The purpose of the current study was to determine if smoking on high-school property was associated with increased risk for other substance use among U.S. adolescents. Secondary analyses were carried out with data from the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS, N = 15,503). Only adolescents who reported smoking at least one cigarette in the last 30 days were selected for analyses (n = 2531, 44% female). Alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine use was assessed among participants. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between smoking on school property (yes versus no) with each of the substance use variables. Adolescent smokers who reported smoking on school property were significantly more likely to report substance use across all substances examined compared to smokers who did not smoke on campus. For example, campus smokers were 3.91 times more likely to use marijuana in their lifetime and 3.85 times more likely to have used crack or cocaine in their lifetime compared to smokers who did not smoke on campus. Health care providers who provide services to adolescents should screen for smoking on school property to help identify adolescents at increased risk for substance use.     

An exploration of leadership in a medical mutual help organization

Studied 45 current leaders of local chapters of a medical mutual help organization. Cluster analysis of variables depicting routes to leadership produced six clusters: Health Professionals with a Mission, Connected Health Professionals, Career Leaders, Grass-roots Founders, Connected Grass-roots Leaders, and Obligated Veterans. These clusters differed on criterion measures of burnout, hardiness, and perceived obligation to continue as a leader, e.g., Connected Health Professionals and Career Leaders were less burned out, more hardy, and perceived less of an obligation to continue in the leadership role than Health Professionals with a Mission. In terms of leadership activities, Help Provision and Advocacy constituted less than one fifth of all activities but were rated as most rewarding. In contrast, the activities that made up the bulk of leaders' work--building membership, system maintenance, and organizational growth--were not rated as particularly rewarding. Results are discussed in the context of research directions and practice.