REVIEW

Journal of Women and Aging
Women Over Forty: Visions and Realities
Women and Self-Esteem
Models of Achievement: Reflections of Eminent Women in Psychology     

Sex-role stereotypes and requisite management characteristics: A current replication

A mailed survey was conducted to determine differential stereotypes concerning Men, Women, and Successful Managers. A moderately high degree of similarity was found between stereotypes of Men and Managers, but none between Men and Women nor Women and Managers for male respondents. Female respondents perceived a moderately high similarity between Men and Managers and a slight degree of similarity between Women and both Men and Managers.     

BOOK REVIEWS

In the Patient's Best Interest: Women and the Politics of Medical Decisions, S ue F isher
Melanie Klein: Her World and Her Work, P hyllis G rosskurth
The Psychology of Women, M argaret W. M atlin
Career Women and Childbearing: A Psychological Analysis of the Decision Process, C arole A. W ilk
First-time Motherhood: Experiences from Teens to Forties, R amona T. M ercer
MEDIA REVIEWS
Diagnosis Today: Women and Mental Health,
Personal Decisions,
Seraphita's Diary,     

Revisiting university student gender role perceptions

Gender role perceptions of five objects—Ideal Woman, Ideal Man, Most Women, Most Men and Self—were elicited from 3300 university students, 81% of whom were Caucasian, with 7% Hispanic, 6% African-American, and 4% Asian. Profiles of student responses for the five objects provided a comprehensive updating of 1970s research on student gender roles. Women (N= 1842) and men (N= 1148) students generally preferred an androgynous Ideal Woman. Women also preferred an androgynous Ideal Man, but men preferred a masculine sex-typed Ideal Man. Women and men's perceptions of Most Women and Men continued to be sex-typed. Men's self perceptions were androgynous, while women saw themselves as feminine sex-typed. Findings suggest that little change in students' gender role perceptions has occurred in the past 15 years.     

REVIEWS

Women and Gender: A Feminist Psychology , R hoda U nger and M ary C rawford
Ivoy Power: Sexual Harassment on Campus , M ichelle P aludi
Women, Men, and Power , H ilary M. L ips
Representations: Social Constructions of Gender , R hoda K. U nger
Backlash: The Undeclared War Against American Women , S usan F aludi
Teen Pregnancy and Parenting , A nnette U. R ickel
Double Stitch: Black Women Write About Mothers and Daughters , P atricia B ell -S cott , B everly G uy -S heftall , J acqueline J ones R oyster , J anet S ims -W ood , M iriam D e C osta -W illis , and L ucie F ultz     

The conceptual structure of sex role stereotypes in college students

This study investigated sex stereotypes as natural language categories. Ten years ago, sex stereotypes were found to have a core-peripheral structure similar to that of the nonevaluative categories studies by Rosch (1973). Changes and stability in these conceptions were studied by having 56 female and 56 male undergraduate students rate 217 adjectives on Likert scales according to how well each adjective represented their own view of typical Men or Women. Mean ratings were analyzed to reveal a structure of core, peripheral, and nonmembers for Men and for Women. As was the case ten years ago, core traits reflected dimensions of “niceness-nurturance” for Women and “potency-strength” for Men. Female students also viewed Women as “competent,” while male students also viewed Women as “socially effective.” Adjectives that constituted the core for one category were generally placed in the periphery for the other category. As compared to ten years ago, the peripheries of the categories were expanded and showed a greater degree of overlap. College students' conceptions of Men and Women are best characterized as overlapping rather than as bipolar opposites. The formation of sex stereotype categories was discussed in terms of cognitive and social learning processes.     

REVIEWS

AN AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN: RETROSPECT AND PROSPECT
Psychology of Women: A Handbook of Issues and Theories , F. L. D enmark and M. A. P aludi (Eds.).
TRANSFORMING OPPRESSION: FIGHTING SEXUAL VIOLENCE
The Courage to Heal: A Guide for Women Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse , E llen B ass and L aura D avis .
Victimized Daughters: Incest and the Development of the Female Self , J anet L iebman J acobs .
"WHAT'S BEEN LEFT OUT" OF PERSONALITY THEORY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF WOMEN CREATING LIVES
Women Creating Lives: Identities, Resilience, and Resistance , C. E. F ranz and A. J. S tewart .
STORIES BY BLACK WOMEN: WRITING UNIQUELY AS WOMEN AND BLACKS
Life Notes: Personal Writings by Contemporary Black Women , P atricia B ell -S cott (Ed.).
DISRUPTING GENDER
Paradoxes of Gender , J udith L orber .
IT COVERS THE CONTEXT
Women in Context: Toward a Feminist Reconstruction of Psychotherapy , M arsha P ravder M irkin (Ed.).     

BOOK REVIEWS

Untold Lives: The First Generation of American Women Psychologists, E lizabeth S carborough and L aurel F urumoto
The Psychology of Gender: Advances through Meta-analysis, J anet S hibley H yde and M arcia C. L inn (Eds.)
Mirror, mirror … : The importance of looks in everyday life, E laine H atfield and S usan S precher
Beauty Bound, R ita F reedman
Women, Feminism, and Biology: The Feminist Challenge, L ynda B irke , (Ed.)
Science and Gender: A Critique of Biology and its Theories on Women, R uth B leier
Feminist Approaches to Science, R uth B leier (Ed.)
Myths of Gender: Biological Theories about Women and Men, A nne F austo -S terling
MEDIA REVIEWS
Miss … Or Myth?     

REVIEWS

Women with Disabilities: Essays in Psychology, Culture and Politics , M ichelle F ine and A drienne A sch (Eds.).
Intimate Adversaries -Cultural Conflict between Doctors and Women Patients, A lexandra D undas T odd .
Empowering Women: Leadership Development Strategies on Campus , M ary A nn D anowitz S agaria (Ed.)
Journal of Feminist Therapy
The Unopposite Sex: The End of the Gender Battle , E lisabeth B adinter
The Search for Acceptance: Consumerism, Sexuality, and Self among American Women , J erry J acobs .     

Re: Views

Book reviewed in this article: Career Management in Organizations: A Practical Human Resource Planning Approach : Elmer H. Burack and Nicholas J. Mathys Peer Counseling and Self-Help Groups on Campus : Norm S. Giddan and Michael J. Austin (Eds.) The Experienced Hand: A Student Manual for Making the Most of an Internship : Timothy Stanton and Kamil Ali Cranston, R.I. Wanted: More Women in Science and Technology : American Physical Society, Committee on the Status of Women in Physics New York: Author, 1983 Homosexuality and Psychotherapy, A Practitioner's Handbook of Affirmative Models : John C. Gonsiorek (Ed.) New York Counseling Lesbian Women and Gay Men: A Life-Issues Approach : A. Elfin Moses and Robert O. Hawkins Counseling with Gay Men and Women : Natalie Jane Woodman and Harry R. Lenna     

University faculty gender roles perceptions

Gender role preferences for Ideal Woman and Ideal Man and perceptions of Most Women, Most Men and Self were surveyed in 400 faculty women and men, of which 83% were Caucasian, 9% Hispanic, 4% African-American, and 3% Asian. Both women and men faculty preferred an androgynous Ideal Woman, but a masculine Ideal Man. Similarly, faculty women described themselves as androgynous, while men described themselves as masculine. Both women and men perceive Most Women and Men as sex-typed. Women and men faculty preferences and perceptions were generally very similar.     

BOOK REVIEWS

The Career Psychology of Women , N ancy B etz and L ouise F itzgerald
Women's Career Development , B arbara A. G utek and L aurie L arwood (Eds.)
The Psychology of Women: Ongoing Debates , M ary R oth W alsh (Ed.)
Female Authority: Empowering Women Through Psychotherapy , P olly Y oung -E isendrath and F lorence W iedenmann
MEDIA REVIEWS
We Dig Coal
DES: An Uncertain Legacy
The Plan
Futures Unlimited I: Expanding Your Horizons in Mathematics and Science , and Futures Unlimited II: Expanding Your Horizons in Technical and Vocational Education .     

REVIEWS

Sex in the Therapy Hour: A Case of Professional Incest, C arolyn B ates and A nnette B rodsky
Surviving Sexual Violence , L iz K elly .
Therapy for Adults Molested as Children: Beyond Survival , J ohn B riere .
Defining Rape , L inda B ookover B ourque .
Women and AIDS: A Practical Guide for Those who Help Others , B onnie L ester .
The Real Ruth about Women and AIDS: How to Eliminate the Risks without Giving Up Love and Sex , H elen S inger K aplan .
Women & AIDS , D iane R ichardson .     

WOMEN AND THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION

Women have been active in the American Psychological Association (APA) almost from the beginning. In general, however, they did not attain high-level office, editorships, and significant committee posts at the same level as their male counterparts. During one 51-year period, for example, no women were elected to the APA presidency. Despite protests, little changed. Finally, in the 1970s, the climate in the APA shifted. The Committee on Women in Psychology was formed, as was the APA Division of the Psychology of Women. From then on, women's issues have remained an important concern of the association.     

Women and Sin: Responses to Mary Elise Lowe

Responses to Mary Elise Lowe:
A Response to Mary Elise Lowe's Women Orientated Hamartilogies , by Paul Sponheim, p.229
Feminist Thinking on Sin: Thoughts on an Update , by MaryMcClintock Fulkerson, p.230
Women and Sin: Response to Mary Elise Lowe , byRosemary Radford Ruether, p.233     

Psychological Implications of Women's Spiritual Health

The burgeoning women's spirituality movement is concrete evidence of feminist awakening in the culture. Women are finding some forms of feminist spirituality helpful for good mental health. Three specific shifts which have been occasioned by the feministization of religion are: (1) Women as protagonists of religion; (2) Women role models in the ministry, the academic study of religion, and as healers and leaders; and (3) Feminist changes in the content of the world's religions. This feminist theological overview clarifies the dynamics so that mental health professionals will understand what is happening and how it might figure into their strategies for health and healing.     

Provider gender and moral reasoning: The politics of an “ethics of care”

Women constitute 35% of providers in genetics at the doctoral level. A survey of 682 geneticists in 19 nations showed that gender was the single most important determinant of ethical decision making. Women were less directive and more observant of patient autonomy than men. In the United States, women were twice as likely as men to accede to patient requests for prenatal diagnosis for sex selection. Women now constitute 30% of all medical students, about half of all obstetrical residents, and 94% of master's-level genetic counselors. Evidence that women providers respond differently to some ethical problems suggests that in the future, as more women enter the field, provider-patient relationships may become more egalitarian.     

Mentoring in Caribbean Theological Education

This article addresses the issue of mentoring in theological education, drawing against the context of the Caribbean and the insights of Pan‐African Women, such as in the Circle of Concerned African Women Theologians, as well as support and accountability groups such as Caribbean Women Theologians for Transformation and the Caribbean and North America Council for Mission. Drawing on biblical models of mentoring, the article argues that while the ways that individuals are mentored during their theological education programmes can and will vary, women in leadership can be sounding boards, cheerleaders, advocates, facilitators, coaches, guides, role models, and even critics as they help to shape and develop other women leaders in the church.     

Do Feminist Women Feel Better About their Lives? Examining Patterns of Feminist Identity Development and Women’s Subjective Well-being

Relations between women’s patterns of feminist identity development and their subjective well-being were explored through an online study with a sample of 691 women ages 18 to 83 from across the United States. The results of a hierarchical cluster analysis indicated that women fall into three groups based on their feminist identity development processes: Women with Traditional Values, Women with Moderate Values, and Women with Feminist Values. The results of the analysis of covariance showed that women who held feminist and moderate values scored significantly higher on a measure of overall well-being—particularly on subscales measuring purpose in life, autonomy, and personal growth—than women with traditional values.     

Life Satisfaction,Self‐Esteem,and Subjective Age in Women Across the Life Span

A study of 320 women, ages 21 to 69, explored the relations among relationship status, subjective age, self‐esteem, and life satisfaction. Women in married or partnered relationships had higher levels of life satisfaction than did single women. Women in their 30s and 40s had significantly lower levels of life satisfaction than did other age groups.