体检人员血尿酸与代谢综合征组分的关系

为观察血尿酸与代谢综合征(MS)及其各组分的相关性,随机检测MS,调查人群血尿酸(SUA)水平865份.结果显示:体检的865名人员的高尿酸血症患病率为6.6%,男性为10.4%,女性为3.2%.与正常血尿酸组比较,高血尿酸组的BMI、BP、FPG和血脂谱均升高(P均＜0.05);研究对象的SUA水平与MS的危险因素呈显著相关,其中与腰围,SBP、DBP、TG、FPG、HOM-IR呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关;随着代谢异常数目的增加,SUA水平呈上升趋势;多元Logistic回归高尿酸血症独立相关于超重、高血压和血脂并常.提示SUA水平与MS的危险因素密切相关;高尿酸血症独立相关于超重、高血压和血脂异常.     

NAFLD合并2型糖尿病血尿酸水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

探讨非酒精脂肪肝(NAFLD)合并2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血尿酸(SUA)水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性.分析NAFLD合并T2DM患者78例(合并组),单纯NAFLD组59例,单纯T2DM组80例,健康体检者80例(对照组).比较四组临床参数的差异、SUA水平与胰岛素抵抗的相关性.结果合并组较其余三组胰岛素抵抗指数和SUA水平更高(P＜0.01);相关性研究表明SUA水平与BMI、WHR、FBG、FINS、HOMA-IR呈正相关,与胰岛素敏感指数呈负相关,BMI、WHR、TC、SUA及有无脂肪肝是胰岛素抵抗的重要危险因素.SUA水平与NAFLD合并2型DM发生密切相关.     

慢性心力衰竭患者抑郁与空腹血糖、血脂水平的关系

了解慢性心力衰竭(CHF)患者抑郁发生现状并探讨其与空腹血糖、血脂水平的关系.采用Beck抑郁自评量表(BDI)对135例CHF患者进行调查,并测定其空腹血糖(FBS)、血总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平.抑郁组(BDI≥10分)FBS、TG水平高于非抑郁组(BDI ＜10分)(Z=-2.525,P＜0.05;Z=-2.588,P＜0.05),HDL-C的水平低于非抑郁组(Z=-1.967,P＜0.05);BDI总分与FBS水平呈正相关(r=0.323,P＜0.01),而与各项血脂指标无相关性.抑郁组与非抑郁组CHF患者FBS、TG、HDL-C水平存在显著性统计学差异,医护人员应加强对CHF患者的心理护理,预防和减轻抑郁情绪以调节空腹血糖、血脂水平.     

体检人员血尿酸与代谢综合征组分的关系

为观察血尿酸与代谢综合征（MS）及其各组分的相关性,随机检测MS,调查人群血尿酸（SUA）水平865份。结果显示：体检的865名人员的高尿酸血症患病率为6．6%,男性为10．4％,女性为3．2％。与正常血尿酸组比较,高血尿酸组的BMI、BP、FPG和血脂谱均升高（P均〈0．05）;研究对象的SUA水平与MS的危险因素呈显著相关,其中与腰围、SBP、DBP、TG、FPG、HOM-IR呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关;随着代谢异常数目的增加,SUA水平呈上升趋势;多元Logistic回归高尿酸血症独立相关于超重、高血压和血脂异常。提示SUA水平与MS的危险因素密切相关;高尿酸血症独立相关于超重、高血压和血脂异常。     

不同剂量阿托伐他汀预处理对PCI术后超敏C反应蛋白及预后影响

观察急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术前不同剂量阿托伐他汀预处理后炎症因子超敏C反应蛋白及预后影响。选取我院2011年2月~2013年10月110例急性心肌梗死需行初次PCI患者,随机分成大剂量阿托伐他汀组(80mg/d,n=36例)及小剂量阿托伐他汀组(20mg/d,n=36例),无阿托伐他汀处理组(n=38例),在常规治疗基础上,术后所有患者均口服阿托伐他汀20mg/d。留取术前及术后第1、第3天的血标本,检测血清中总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,随访记录1个月后心血管事件及药物不良反应。各组患者PCI术前TC、TG、LDL-C及hs-CRP无明显差异(P0.05);术后第3天各组血脂较术前明显下降,且大剂量组显著低于其他两组(P0.05),小剂量组与术前无阿托伐他汀处理组无显著差异(P0.05);术后第1天各组患者hs-CRP较术前显著升高,术后第3天较术后第1天显著下降,大剂量组下降更为显著,且显著低于其他两组(P0.05),小剂量组与术前无阿托伐他汀处理组差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各组患者1个月后心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),且均无明显不良反应。急性心肌梗死患者PCI术前服用大剂量的阿托伐他汀相对安全有效,不仅降低血脂,且显著下调术后炎症因子的升高,减轻微血管损伤。     

急性脑梗死早期OCSP分型的临床应用评价

为了研究急性脑梗死早期OCSP(Oxfordshire Community Stroke Projet)分型的应用价值,连续收集首次发病的脑梗死患者326例,按OCSP分型分为完全前循环梗死(TACI)、部分前循环梗死(PACI)、腔隙性脑梗死(LACI)、后循环梗死(POCI),入组后各亚型比较急性期神经功能缺损评分和结构影像学特征,3个月的病死率和日常生活活动(ADL)能力评分.显示,TACI大面积脑梗死占74.4%,PACI中等面积脑梗死占64.5%.LACI腔隙灶脑梗死占90%,POCI大面积脑梗死占22.7%,中等面积脑梗死占40.9%,小梗死占36.4%.急性期神经功能缺损以TACI最严重,PACI和POCI次之,LACI最轻,TACI与其他各型之间,PACI和POCI与LACI之间的差异均有极显著性意义(P＜0.0005),PACI和POCI之间差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).TACI的病死率为44.2%,PACI为10.2%,POCI为18.2%,LACI为2.6%,TACI病死率与各型比较有极显著性意义(P＜0.01).TACI3个月的ADL为重度依赖,POCI为中度依赖,另2个亚型均为轻度依赖,有极显著性意义(P＜0.005).由此得出结论,OCSP分型与影像学有良好对应关系.不同的OCSP分型可以反映脑梗死急性期神经功能缺损的严重程度,OCSP分型有利于脑梗死急性期个体化治疗选择.     

单纯糖耐量受损的冠心病患者临床及冠脉造影特点分析

入选空腹血糖正常并通过冠脉造影（CAG）确诊为冠心病（CAD）的患者104例行糖耐量试验（OGTT ）,将糖耐量正常（NGT ）者、单纯负荷后2h 血糖受损者（I-IGT ）与同期合并糖尿病（DM ）并通过 CAG 确诊为 CAD 的患者38例对照。结果,（1）DM 组甘油三酯（TG）、总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、载脂蛋白（Apo）、高敏-C 反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、尿微量白蛋白、尿酸（UA）高于 NGT 组（P＜0．05或 P＜0．01）,且 I-IGT 组体质量指数（BMI）最大,与 NGT组及 DM 组比较有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;（2）I-IGT 、DM 组冠状动脉病变支数、重度狭窄、闭塞、弥漫性病变、病变总积分、右冠状动脉病变比例均高于 NGT 组（P＜0．05或 P＜0．01）;（3）DM 组三支病变、弥漫性病变、冠状动脉病变总积分均高于 I-IGT 组（P＜0．05）。因此,空腹血糖正常的 CAD 患者均应行 OGTT 检查,以降低糖耐量异常的漏诊率;I-IGT 患者发生心血管疾病的危险性增加,且随着糖代谢异常的加重而加剧,应及早干预。     

亚临床甲状腺功能异常血清胱抑素C和同型半胱氨酸测定的临床意义

探讨亚临床甲状腺功能异常患者血清胱抑素C(CysC)和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)的相关性。选择亚临床甲状腺功能亢进(亚甲亢组)60例、亚临床甲状腺功能减退(亚甲减组)120例和对照组60例,测定血清TH、血脂、CysC和Hcy,计算血脂比值并进行分析。结果显示,亚甲亢组TC、TG、LDL-D、LDL-C/HDL-C和LCI降低,以LCI降低最显著,HDL-D、TC/HDL-C、TG/HDL-C和non-HDL-C明显高于对照组,亚甲减组TC、TG和LDL-D、LDL-C/HDL-C和non-HDL-C高于对照组,HDL-D低于对照组,亚甲亢组CysC明显升高,而Hcy降低(P0.05),亚甲减组CysC降低,而Hcy明显升高。因此,动态监测TSH、血脂比值、CysC和Hcy,对亚临床甲状腺功能异常向甲状腺功能异常的转化及其并发CHD的预测有重要的价值,联合检测有望成为理想的优化组合项目。     

PAPP-A水平及IVS6+95多态性在预测PCI术后再狭窄的价值

对超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、妊娠相关蛋白A(PAPP-A)及IVS6+ 95 (C/G)基因多态性预测不稳定型心绞痛(UAP)患者经皮冠状动脉成形术(PCI)术后再狭窄的意义进行探讨.UAP患者行PCI术(TIMI血流达到3级),3个月～9个月复查冠脉造影,选取血管腔内径狭窄≥75％者(再狭窄组)86例、无再狭窄组(对照组)152例,测定术前术后24 hPAPP-A、hs-CRP水平.采用基因测序法分析IVS6+ 95多态性.再狭窄组术后血清PAPP-A、hs-CRP水平较本组术前明显增高(P＜0.001).对照组术后血清PAPP-A、hs-CRP水平较本组术前明显下降(P＜0.001).再狭窄组IVS6+ 95中CC基因频率明显高于未发生组(P＜0.05),而等位基因C频率无明显差异.PCI术后PAPP-A、hs-CRP血清水平可作为预测冠脉再狭窄的指标,IVS6+95(C/G)多态性可能与术后再狭窄有关,其中基因型CC是致病的基础.     

2型糖尿病足部自主神经病变与血尿酸水平的关系研究

为探讨血清尿酸水平(SUA)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)足部自主神经病变(DAN)程度的关系,选取DAN组患者39例,非DAN(NDAN)组患者41例,空腹抽血测SUA、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)等,观察欧米诺膏贴完全变色时间。结果显示:DAN组SUA水平明显高于NDAN组(P0.05)。欧米诺膏贴完全变色时间与SUA水平呈正相关(r=0.905,P0.05),提示T2DM足部自主神经病变程度与SUA水平呈正相关。     

Association Between Serum Triglyceride Levels and Diastolic Blood Pressure During Rest and Exercise in Healthy Males and Females

Abstract

The association between serum triglyceride level, body mass index and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was examined during rest as well as during and after an estimated maximal oxygen uptake ergometer bicycle task in 40 males and 40 females. The subjects were matched for age (range 34–50 +/?2 years), cigarette smoking (20 smokers and 20 nonsmokers of each sex) and occupational level. According to a physical examination, all subjects were healthy and had triglyceride and DBP levels within the normal Swedish range. In men, but not in women, significant positive correlations were found between triglyceride and DBP levels. Removing the effects of body mass decreased the magnitude of correlations. However, a significant (p<.05) interaction remained between triglyceride level and DBP responses in men. For men in the upper quartile of the lipid distribution (above 1.80 mmol/l), DBP increased during exercise, for those in the lower quartile (below 1.00 mmol/l) DBP decreased, whereas no change occurred for those in the middle range (1.00–1.79 mmol/l). No significant association between triglyceride level and DBP was found in women. The results were discussed in relation to the atherosclerotic process.     

Blood, Race, and National Identity: Scientific and Popular Discourses

This essay examines the symbolic significance of blood in the twentieth century and its role in determining the composition of a national community along racial lines. By drawing parallels between Nazi notions of blood and racial purity and historically contemporaneous U.S. policies regarding blood and blood products, Polsky reveals a disturbing proximity in discourse and policy. While the Nazis attempted to locate Jewish racial essence and inferiority in blood and instituted eugenic measures and laws forbidding racial admixture, similar policies existed in the U.S. based on the so-called “one drop rule” that systematically discriminated against African Americans.     

Blood and organ donation: health impact,prevalence, correlates,and interventions

Abstract

Objective: Without a supply of blood, health services could not meet their clinical needs. Similarly, organs for transplantation save and transform lives. Donations are acts of generosity that are traditionally seen as altruistic, and accordingly, interventions to recruit and retain blood and organ donors have focused on altruism. We review the predictors, prevalence and correlates of these two behaviours, how effective interventions have been, and draw common themes.

Design: Narrative review.

Results: We highlight that both recipients and donors benefit, and as such neither blood nor organ donation is purely altruistic. We also highlight health problems associated with both types of donation. In evaluating interventions, we highlight that a move to an opt-out policy for organ donation may not be the simple fix it is believed to be, and propose interventions to enhance the effectiveness of an opt-in policy (e.g. social media updates). We show that incentives, text messaging, feedback and a focus on prosocial emotions (e.g. ‘warm-glow’, ‘gratitude’) may be effective interventions for both blood and organ donation. Interventions designed to reduce fainting (e.g. water pre-loading) are also effective for blood donation.

Conclusions: We conclude that affect is key to understanding both types of donation and in designing effective interventions.     

A Twin and Family Study of the Association Between Immune System Dysfunction and Dyslexia Using Blood Serum Immunoassay and Survey Data

We conducted a study of the association between developmental reading disability (DRD) and immune disorders (ID) using both survey and immunoassay data in two separate samples of families. One sample was made up of twins and their parents and was ascertained through a population-based sampling scheme. The other sample was a set of extended pedigrees selected for apparent autosomal dominant transmission of DRD. We failed to find an association between DRD and ID in either sample, regardless of the method used to assess immune system function. Even though our twin sample provided evidence that both DRD and immune conditions were significantly heritable, there was no evidence for a genetic correlation between ID and DRD nor was there any clear indication that a special subgroup of individuals may be comorbid for these conditions because of genetic reasons. How these negative findings can be reconciled with the developmental hypothesis of Geschwind, Behan, Galaburda, and colleagues, and how they may relate to the gene locus influencing DRD that has been recently located in the HLA region of the short arm of chromosome 6 is discussed.     

Jewish Blood: Reality and Metaphor in History,Religion, and Culture

Although Rodney Stark is best known for his work on religious economies, he has recently turned his attention to the social effects of monotheism. If we look carefully on the theoretical trajectory evident in this recent work, what we find is a social-evolutionary approach to religion that was prevalent in the 19th century, but long ago assumed by most academics to be discredited. Furthermore, as becomes increasingly evident going through this series, the particular social-evolutionary sequence that Stark constructs has been shaped by a vision of Protestant triumphalism, and a privileging of evangelical Protestantism, that also belongs to an earlier time. While it would easy to ignore Stark's work (and the last two books in this series do seem to have been ignored in academic circles), there are reasons (which include the popular appeal of his work and his treatment of Islam) for taking his work seriously.     

Serum testosterone,cortisol, glucose,and ethanol in males arrested for spouse abuse

Concentrations of ethanol, testosterone, cortisol, and glucose were determined in serum obtained from 16 males taken into police custody after incidents of spouse abuse. The mean blood ethanol level at the time of arrest was 33.3 ± 2.6 mM. Serum testosterone levels were significantly lower and cortisol levels higher at the time of police intervention (within 1 hour of the incident) compared to control data collected later from the subjects when sober. Offenders did not differ from a group of nonviolent pub patrons at similar blood ethanol levels (35.9 ± 4.5 mM) with respect to serum testosterone, cortisol, or glucose, but their sober state cortisol and glucose concentrations were significantly higher compared to a control group of nonalcoholic men. Intoxication or acute hormonal changes were thus not specifically associated with violent behaviour. Provocative cues, however, may have been more frequent in the offender families, as Straus Conflict Tactics data showed that offenders and victims resorted to verbal aggression significantly more often than control families. The significantly elevated cortisol and glucose concentrations in offenders when sober compared to nonviolent controls could be viewed as direct effects of life stress, or as indirect effects of stress mediated by learned escape drinking. Excessive drinking as well as spouse abuse could be maladaptive coping strategies that principally serve to maintain the status quo, physiologically as well as psychologically. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

强化控制2型糖尿病患者血糖、血压＼血脂可降低尿白蛋白／肌酐比率

探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者尿白蛋白／肌酐比率（UACR）的主要影响因素。89例T2DM患者实施血糖、血脂、血压强化控制,随诊1年并检测相关指标变化,统计学分析显示强化治疗后UACR降低,糖化血红蛋白和收缩压的变化值是影响UACR变化的主要因素。强化控制血糖、血脂、血压,尤其是严格控制糖化血红蛋白及收缩压,能减低糖尿病肾病发生的风险。