CBL、PBL及Seminar结合的立体教学模式的应用和思考——临床医学八年制呼吸科床旁教学实践中的应用

临床医学八年制内科学床旁教学应用传统的教学模式及基于案例的学习（CBL）单一教学方法难以满足教学要求.将CBL与基于问题的学习（PBL）及研讨会（Seminar）结合的立体教学模式应用于呼吸科的床旁教学实践中,激发了学生学习的积极性、创新性,培养了学生良好的团队合作精神和临床思维模式,提高了学生们解决临床问题的能力,并能加深师生互动交流,达到教学相长的目的.     

PBL教学模式的研究进展和现实意义

综述了PBL教学模式的提出、发展、设计理念以及实施方式,对PBL模式在医学教学中相对于传统教学模式的优势进行了详细对比和评价,认为有利于培养学生主动学习能力,有利于培养临床思维,并展望了PBL在我国医学教育中的应用前景.     

外科学多元化、国际化教学平台的作用

当前,我国的外科学教学模式正处于新老交替的时期,许多医学院校都在进行各具特色的改革,有的已经取得了一定成效。目前,国际医学教育也正处于改革期。欧美国家近来广泛开展的一种PBL（problem—based learning,以问题为中心的学习模式）医学教育模式。其中心思想是以一个问题为中心,打破学科界限,实施学生自学与导师指导相结合的小组教学法,使学生去获取和掌握全面、系统化的知识。这种教学模式是否适合我国国情、有哪些可借鉴之处？     

双向引导PBL对医学生学习方式影响的研究

研究学生引导与教师引导的PBI.教学模式对医学生学习方式特性的影响.将56名医学生分为学生引导及教师引导的PBL组.PBL进行前后分别对两组学生的学习方式特性进行评估,并进行标准化病人(SP)测试.结果表明:学生引导组PBL教学后比之前合作性、参与性均增高;教师引导组仅合作性增高;在SP测试中,学生引导组交流沟通能力高于教师引导组.PBL教学改善医学生的某些学习方式特性.     

关于PBL医学教育的若干认识

PBL教育模式在世界范围内已被广泛使用.作为一种以学生为中心的教学方法,PBL通过激发学生的好奇心和求知欲等内源性学习动力促进学习,这也是人本主义教育所提倡的.鉴于不少医学院校仍使用LBL为主的教学法,利用PBL和LBL各自的优势将会成为一个趋势.这将进一步提高学生的能力和医学教育的效果.     

国外对基于问题的学习的研究

作为可以改变传统教育中学生被动接受、死学习、缺乏实践和创新的新型教学模式,基于问题的学习模式(PBL)值得我们探索研究。本文对于基于问题的学习进行如下论述:(1)起源,(2)国外对定义、模式、特征等方面的研究,(3)对于多位国外学者研究的总结。     

医学院校自然辩证法教学中的例证探析

目前在《自然辩证法》的教学中还存在一些问题,如教材老化、师资力量不足,学生人文素质背景较薄弱等,为了切实使理论和实践相结合,使学生认识到该课程的重要性而学有所用,以医学院校为例,论述了如何将有关医学实例结合到《自然辩证法》的教学过程中去,以切实有效地提高这门课的教学效果。     

医学院校教学医院临床实践教学的现状与对策

国家赋予医学院校教学医院救死扶伤和教书育人的两个职能,它在现行医疗体制改革的情况下与病人的维权发生了激烈的碰撞,临床实践教学出现了滑坡现象.在分析了医学院校教学医院临床实践教学现状的基础上,作者试从制定相应法规,保障临床实践教学;践行行医准则,尊重病人权利等几个方面进行了阐述,以期保证医学院校教学医院临床实践教学的质量.     

医学创新教育的目标与模式研究

结合国内外创新教育的经验,将创新教育的两种教学模式结合起来,开展实验研究.对医学创新教育的目标、模式、内容进行了探讨,为高教改革,特别是医学院校的深入改革、医学生创新能力的开发与培养提供调查分析资料.     

双向引导PBL对医学生学习方式影响的研究

研究学生引导与教师引导的PBL教学模式对医学生学习方式特性的影响。将56名医学生分为学生引导及教师引导的PBL组。PBL进行前后分别对两组学生的学习方式特性进行评估,并进行标准化病人（SP）测试。结果表明：学生引导组PBL教学后比之前合作性、参与性均增高;教师引导组仅合作性增高;在SP测试中,学生引导组交流沟通能力高于教师引导组。PBL教学改善医学生的某些学习方式特性。     

Conflicts of interest in science in Armenia

The author describes problems facing Armenia in reorganization of the structure of science in the post-socialist era with the aim of utilizing limited state resources more efficiently by reducing the number of separate scientific institutes, concentrating on essential core subjects required by the nation and encouraging all other projects to compete in the international arena for grant sponsorship. An earlier version of this paper was presented at an International Conference on “Conflict of Interest and its Significance in Science and Medicine” held in Warsaw, Poland on 5–6 April, 2002.     

PTSD在中国的研究进展

PTSD是近十年来在中国精神病学界逐渐引起重视的一种反应性精神障碍。随着国外对PTSD的深入研究以及中国心理卫生事业的发展,相关领域的学者开始从事这一方面的研究并取得了不少成就。文章对中国PTSD的流行病学、神经生物学基础、病因学以及诊断和治疗等各个方面的研究作了初步总结和探讨。     

工程中利益冲突问题研究

首先在详细分析工程中利益冲突已有定义的基础上,本文从不同角度提出了一种不同的定义。然后,分析了利益冲突的构成,并列举了利益冲突的情形。接着,分析了利益冲突的伦理问题,并提出解决方法。最后介绍了美国工程社团以及大型企业有关利益冲突的伦理章程和行为规范。     

Visual impressions of penetration in the perception of objects in motion

Observers viewed visual stimuli in which one object moved to a position of partial occlusion by another. The objects were presented as two-dimensional profiles moving in an undefined space, so the partial occlusion supports several different physical interpretations. In fact some stimuli reliably gave rise to a perceptual impression that the moving object penetrated or pierced the stationary one. This kind of interaction impression has not previously been reported. The impression was maximized by rapid deceleration to a halt with minimal occlusion. If the object decelerated more slowly, so that it was completely occluded or projected from the far side of the stationary object, it was perceived as moving behind the stationary object. The shape of the moving object and its speed prior to occlusion had significant but small effects.     

A review of methods in the study of attention in autism

Atypical attention, while not a diagnostic feature, is common in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The study of these atypicalities has recently gained in both quantity and quality, due in part to an increased focus on attentional atypicalities as one of the earliest signs of ASD in infancy. A range of attentional processes and components have been investigated, and the methods used are varied, from Posner-type paradigms, to the more recent use of eye-movement recording and change-detection techniques. This methodological complexity is one factor in the production of conflicting evidence on the topic of attention in ASD. This review uses a focus on methodology to clarify the literature to date and provide a resource for researchers wishing to study attention in ASD. Other factors that have contributed to the current discrepancies in findings are discussed, particularly the role of individual and group differences within the population of people with ASD.     

Components of aggression in chickens and conceptualizations of aggression in general

A refined analysis of the peck order in chickens was offered as a test of the notion that for this species, different responses such as leaping and various types of pecking need not be interchangeable indexes of aggression. Indeed, tests showed that particular response types of the birds were differentially mediated by organismic or environmental factors. In large cages pecking at the body was most frequent by birds that had a home-cage advantage. Contrarily, rates of aggressive leaping were independent of this environmental influence, with males having an advantage over females. Males showed more head pecking than females, but the profile for this sex difference did not resemble the profile for leaping. Correlational analyses revealed that whereas head pecking between testmates was not matched in frequency, leaping was positively related. Finally, the behavior of birds tested in small cages differed from that of the large-cage subjects. Although there was more head pecking in the small cages, males did not have an edge, and leaping was infrequent. Such results indicate that these responses cannot be viewed as interchangeable indicators of aggression in fowl.