《心理学探新》二○○一年总目录

理论心理学与心理学史人本主义健康心理学和儒家理想人格的比较研究许　波　 2 0 0 1 ,2 1 ( 1 ) :3 -8…………………中国心理学思想史范畴体系的重建彭彦琴　 2 0 0 1 ,2 1 ( 1 ) :9-1 3……………………………………黄震心理学思想探微徐方忠等 2 0 0 1 ,2 1 ( 1 ) :1 4-1 8……………………………………………………从心理学角度再析理学中的理欲辨汪凤炎　 2 0 0 1 ,2 1 ( 2 ) :8-1 2……………………………………略论后现代心理学思想的孕育与生成高峰强　 2 0 0 1 ,2 1 ( 2 ) :1 3 -1 7…………………………………国外关于右脑的语言…     

黑暗人格三合一研究述评

如果说大五人格代表了特质论人格心理学对非临床人格的研究成果,近期出现的黑暗人格三合一则代表了对亚临床人格阴暗面的研究成果。黑暗人格三合一由马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病态三种人格特质构成,这三种人格特质在西方文化中均属于反社会型人格特质。对黑暗人格三合一的研究发现:(1)马基雅维利主义、自恋和精神病态各自独立又相互交织;(2)它们的测量工具均较为成熟;(3)黑暗人格三合一不仅具有反社会性,也具有亲社会性;(4)黑暗人格三合一反映个体的快速生命策略;(5)遗传和环境因素在黑暗人格三合一的形成中发挥不同作用;(6)黑暗人格三合一是不同于大五人格的人格特质群。     

论自我同一性概念的整合

自我同一性是西方心理学一个重要的概念,但至今没有一个普遍接受的定义。通过对自我同一性概念内涵不一得归因分析,指出了整合自我同一性概念应关注的几个范畴,进而提出自我同一性是一个与自我、人格的发展有密切关系的多层次、多维度的心理学概念。本质上,它是指人格发展的连续性、成熟性和统合感,它包含三个层面的内涵：(1)最基本的层面,即ego-idernity;(2)个人同一性;(3)社会同一性。     

从归因疗法到内隐理念：德韦克的心理学理论体系及影响

为更好地理解美国当代著名心理学家卡罗尔·德韦克(Carol S. Dweck)的心理学理论体系,对其学术成果进行了系统的整理与分析,发现可按时间维度将其理论划分为四个相继形成的主题：(1)习得性无助和归因的关系主题;(2)成就目标理论主题;(3)内隐智力理念主题;(4)内隐理念主题。这些主题促进了归因、智力、动机、人格等心理学理论的发展,已经被广泛地应用于健康、教育、人际关系及管理等实践领域,对学界与社会产生了深刻的影响。     

《心理学探新》二○○二年总目录

理论心理学与心理学史冯特心理学遗产的历史重估高申春　 2 0 0 2 ,2 2 ( 1 ) :3- 7………………………………文化心理学的兴起丁道群　 2 0 0 2 ,2 2 ( 1 ) :8- 1 1…………………………………………张横渠人格结构学说探赜廉　菌等 2 0 0 2 ,2 2 ( 1 ) :1 2 - 1 5…………………………………论“心理模块性”研究的理论心理学意义熊哲宏　 2 0 0 2 ,2 2 ( 1 ) :1 6 - 2 0…………………试论存在主义对人本主义心理学的影响赵　佳　 2 0 0 2 ,2 2 ( 2 ) :3- 7…………………戈尔茨坦的机能整体观述评包蕾萍　 2 0 0 2 ,2 2 ( 2 ) :8- 1 2……     

《心理学探新》二○○七年总目录

理论心理学文化与人格研究中的几个问题…………………………………………………杨慧芳郭永玉钟年(1):3马斯洛人本主义心理学与中国道家思想…………………………………………………何群群丁道群(1):8从“非心理学”视角看术语连等式:心理=心灵=精神……………………………………………王秉翰(1):12改良教育心理学:来自认知神经科学的影响………………………………………………………胡谊(1):15负启动效应的认知神经科学研究……………………………………………刘明矾黄任之姚树桥(1):19E-Z阅读者模型的新进展………………………………胡笑…     

中国古代道家人本主义思想——丰富和发展21世纪的人格和咨询心理学理论

美国心理学,包括人本心理学,更趋向于关注西方文化和欧美理论,而忽略东方或者其他国家的文化。文章研究了老子的道家思想(以前称为Taoism),从中国古代哲学的角度论述了以下人本主义观点:1)为无为或者自发性及自然之道的原理;2)心胸豁达和宽容;3)水善人格;4)对女性和母亲的尊重;5)中庸及避免极端;6)幸福他人和世界;7)反对战争,热爱和平。文章还讨论了早期的人本咨询理论和中国道家思想的关系。     

心理学发展现状的国别比较

1980年出版的《国际心理学家名录》收录有100个国家近10000名心理学家的简历、专业以及学位等情况,这说明当今世界上至少有100个国家有心理学工作者。由于各国文化背景以及社会、历史发展的不同,心理学在各国发展有快有慢,各国对心理学的研究及应用有其特殊性及差异性。本文试就心理学发展中的某些方面按国家加以比较。限于手中材料,这儿所比较的主要有下面几个方面:(1)心理学工作者人数;(2)心理学专业情况;(3)就业和职业分布情况;(4)妇女心理学工作者所占比例;(5)心理学工作者的法律承认问题;(6)心理学会会员最近十年的增长情况。     

西方心理学中的现代主义、后现代主义及其超越

当代西方心理学中存在着现代主义取向和后现代主义取向的对立和冲突。冯特以来的西方心理学流派大多属于现代主义的范畴。现代主义的特征是：(1)重视科学的价值,强调科学的方法;(2)信奉经验主义;(3)个体的中心地位。后现代主义取向的核心是社会建构主义,其主要特征为：(1)批判的倾向,对现代心理学的理论基础进行解构;(2)把社会建构论作为认识论的基础;(3)促进心理学实践的四个转变。尽管两种倾向形成鲜明的对照,但两者也存在着一些共同的方面,从而构成了超越两者的基础。两种取向的超越需要以科学实在论作为元理论的基础,并需要双方互补、合作和开放的态度。     

心理健康素质测评系统·坚韧人格素质全国采样调查报告

应用《心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人坚韧人格量表》对全国28个省市地区的6433名中国成年人进行了调查,对中国成年人坚韧人格的相关因素进行了分析。结果发现:(1)坚韧人格总均分及各维度基本呈正态分布;(2)男性坚韧人格的总均分、坚持性、控制性及挑战性显著高于女性;(3)青年组坚韧人格的坚持性、控制性、担当性显著低于中年组和老年组,但其挑战性显著高于中年组和老年组;(4)城镇人口坚韧人格的控制性显著高于农村人口;(5)教育程度高者的坚韧人格控制性、担当性及挑战性显著高于教育程度低者。     

人文医学与医学人文学几个问题之我见

结合医疗实际工作人文医学和医学人文学的关系应包括：(1)从人文医学的产生背景看,人文精神的内涵孕育于中国古典医学,并非现代之专有;(2)人文医学和医学人文学并非同一层次上的概念,不能交叉理解和使用;(3)从医学发展阶段的划分,提出不能将人文医学与现代医学割裂开,前者是后者的组成部分;现代医学并非生物医学;(4)人文医学的分类应增加军事医学等内容。     

后现代主义思潮与人本心理学

后现代主义和人本主义心理学产生的社会文化背景有某种相同性,且与美国社会危机和精神异化现象相关,加上又都受到现象学、存在主义、弗洛伊德主义的影响,故后现代主义对人本主义心理学冲击的同时,又在反对科学主义、重建人际沟通和实现人的个性等方面有某种一致性。     

Studies in Substance Learning and Retention: XI. The Effect of Maturity Level on Verbatim and Summary Retention

(Abt, L. E., &; Bellak, L. Projective Psychology: Clinical Approaches to the Total Personality. New York: Knopf, 1950. Pp. 485.) Reviewed by Dorothy Tilden Spoerl.     

A citation analysis of Henri Tajfel's work on intergroup relations

The late Henri Tajfel (1919-1982) is one of the central figures who shaped the development of post-war European social psychology. His contributions range from the establishment of an infrastructure for a European social psychology, and the start of a new intellectual movement within social psychology, to the formulation of a set of concepts addressing intergroup relations that were finally integrated into Social Identity Theory. The present study provides an empirical examination of Tajfel's contribution to intergroup research over the last 30 years via a citation analysis of five journals: the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, the British Journal of Social Psychology, the European Journal of Social Psychology, the South African Journal of Psychology, and the German Journal of Social Psychology (Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie). The results indicate that Tajfel's work on intergroup relations is increasingly cited, especially since the 1990s, and the international recognition of his work is substantial. Three possible reasons for the recognition his work still enjoys are proposed: its potential to generate theoretical and empirical controversies; its explanatory power; and the extent to which his work is used as a referential framework.     

Effects of violent movies and trait hostility on hostile feelings and aggressive thoughts

The General Affective Aggression Model [Anderson CA, Deuser WE, DeNeve KM (1995): Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 21:434–448; Anderson CA, Anderson KB, Deuser WE (1996): Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 22:366–376] suggests that violent movies may increase aggression by increasing hostile feelings and the accessibility of aggressive thoughts. It also suggests that trait hostility may similarly influence affect and cognition. Experiment 1 explored the effects of viewing violent movie clips on affect and cognition. Participants who viewed a violent movie clip later reported higher levels of state hostility than did those who viewed a nonviolent clip. Experiment 2 added trait hostility to the design as a potentially important individual difference variable. The state hostility results of Experiment 1 were replicated. In addition, the relative accessibility of aggressive thoughts was increased by the violent clip, but only for low irritable participants. Discussion focused on the relevance to aggressive behavior. Aggr. Behav. 23:161–178, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Re:Views

Experiencing: A Humanistic Theory of Psychology and Psychiatry; Alvin R. Mahrer Liking Myself; Patricia Palmer The Mouse, the Monster, and Me; Patricia Palmer     

Where do desires come from? Positivity offset and negativity bias predict implicit attitude toward temptations

Temptations elicit both appetitive and aversive responses because they offer hedonic gratification on the one hand and impede long-term goal pursuit on the other hand (Fujita, Personality and Social Psychology Review 15(4):352–366, 2011). In this paper, we investigate how people’s affective responses toward temptations are regulated by the appetitive and aversive motivational systems. We employ the mini Motivated Action Measure (miniMAM; Lang et al., Communication Methods and Measures 5(2):146–162, 2011) to measure the signature patterns with which the two systems regulate affective activation: positivity offset and negativity bias. We found that positivity offset and negativity bias predict unique variance (5.5%) of dieters’ (N?=?312) implicit attitude toward tempting foods, over and above predictors related to behavioral regulation (BIS/BAS: Carver, White, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67:319–333, 1994; BSC: Tangney et al., Journal of Personality 72(2):271–324, 2004). By contrast, positivity offset and negativity bias did not predict dieters’ behavioral intentions for tempting foods. Investigating how the appetitive and aversive systems regulate affective activation apart from behavioral responses offers unique insights into people’s desires towards temptations.     

Re:Views

Classroom Discipline for Effective Teaching and Learning Laurel N. Tanner School Stress and Anxiety: Theory, Research and Intervention Beeman Phillips Abortion: The Emotional Implications Roberta Kalmar Humanistic Psychology: A Source Book I. David Welch, George A. Tate, and Fred Richards     

Looking like a criminal: Stereotypical black facial features promote face source memory error

The present studies tested whether African American face type (stereotypical or nonstereotypical) facilitated stereotype-consistent categorization, and whether that categorization influenced memory accuracy and errors. Previous studies have shown that stereotypically Black features are associated with crime and violence (e.g., Blair, Judd, & Chapleau Psychological Science 15:674?C679, 2004; Blair, Judd, & Fallman Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 87:763?C778, 2004; Blair, Judd, Sadler, & Jenkins Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 83:5?C252002); here, we extended this finding to investigate whether there is a bias toward remembering and recategorizing stereotypical faces as criminals. Using category labels, consistent (or inconsistent) with race-based expectations, we tested whether face recognition and recategorization were driven by the similarity between a target??s facial features and a stereotyped category (i.e., stereotypical Black faces associated with crime/violence). The results revealed that stereotypical faces were associated more often with a stereotype-consistent label (Study 1), were remembered and correctly recategorized as criminals (Studies 2?C4), and were miscategorized as criminals when memory failed. These effects occurred regardless of race or gender. Together, these findings suggest that face types have strong category associations that can promote stereotype-motivated recognition errors. Implications for eyewitness accuracy are discussed.     

Teaching and Learning Guide for: Towards an Emplaced,Relationally‐Focused and Action‐Orientated Social Psychology of Homelessness

This guide accompanies the following article: Hodgetts, D., Stolte, O., and Groot, S. (2014 ), Towards a Relationally and Action‐orientated Social Psychology of Homelessness . Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 8 : 156–164. doi: 10.1111/spc3.12096