Domestic public‐spiritedness,social public‐spiritedness

Like every social institution, the family is undergoing a process of contractualization. Family democracy is the product of constant negotiation, an interactive process that can be found at every level of society. This is a new social contract, one from which a new citizenship can perhaps be drawn.     

Are parents and children equal partners?

It is a fundamental mistake, when dealing with education, to consider parents and children as equal partners. They are not, and the notion of a contract must be refuted. There is also, however, a fundamental difficulty in the impossibility of defining standards in educational matters.     

Gratitude,Citizenship and Education

Citizenship education is a complex matter, and not least the place of civic virtues in it. This is illustrated by a consideration of the civic virtue of gratitude. Two conceptions of gratitude are explored. Gratitude seen as a debt is examined and Kants exposition of it, including his objections to a persons getting himself into the position where he has to show gratitude as a beneficiary, is explored. An alternative conception of gratitude as recognition is developed. This, it is claimed, has more relevance to the kind of gratitude it would be appropriate for citizens of a democratic state to feel. The educational implications of these views are indicated.     

心理契约对组织公民行为的影响

该文从组织公民行为的界定基础、产生背景和行为动机三个方面剖析了心理契约与组织公民行为的内在联系,从逻辑上支持了两者的因果关系。在此基础上文章分直接、间接影响两部分回顾了国内外关于心理契约影响组织公民行为的实证研究,并从总体研究状况、理论视角、实证方法三个方面对研究中存在的问题进行评述,以及提出未来研究方向     

Existential Responsibility - The Civic Virtue

Responsibility can cast light on the context of consensus, conflict, and education. In terms of juridical responsibility, the person responds to a defined claim or duty. Education as an alive relationship between unique persons is characterized by existential responsibility - the response to a unique and problematic situation. Depending on which kind of society we are referring to, responsibility will serve society best as juridical responsibility when it is a closed society and as existential responsibility when it is an open democratic society. Education as such will create the potentiality of provocation of conflicts in any kind of society.     

Different temporary work status, different behaviors in organization

This study examined the contributions of the psychological contract framework to an understanding of the effects of different work statuses on employees’ behavior. We compared temporary firm workers (n=71) with core workers (n=268) and direct-hire temporary workers (n=149) with core workers (n=42) in two different samples. As expected, temporary firm workers consider that they receive fewer socio-emotional inducements from the organization they work for (opportunities for promotion, career development, long-term employment), but direct-hire temporary workers who succeeded in having their contracts extended had a psychological contract in which socio-emotional components predominated. A psychological contract with a predominance of socio-emotional components was important for organizations because it mediated the influence of work status on civic virtue behaviors on the part of temporary firm workers, and directly and positively influenced these behaviors in direct-hired temporary workers (behaviors as assessed by their supervisors). Contrary to the hypothesis, psychological contract had a direct and positive influence on the in-role behavior of direct-hire temporary workers. The implications of the findings for psychological contract research are discussed.     

“If It Helps,I’ll Carry On”: Factors Supporting the Participation of Native and Immigrant Youth in Belgium and Germany

In this article we propose looking into some factors for Civic Participation and the intention to continue to participate among local (Study I) and immigrant (Study II) young people living in Belgium and Germany. In Study I, 1,079 young people (M_age = 19.23, 44.9% males) completed a self-report questionnaire asking about their Civic Participation. Multiple linear regressions reveal (a) evidence of a pool of variables significantly linked to Civic Participation: Institutional Trust, Collective-Efficacy, Parents’ and Peers’ Support, Political Interest, Motivations and (b) that Civic Participation, along with the mediation of the Participation's Efficacy, explains the Intention to Continue to Participate. An explanatory model was constructed on participation and the Intention to Continue to Participate on behalf of the native youth. This model is invariant between the two countries. In Study II, 276 young Turkish immigrants (M_age = 20.80, 49.3% males) recruited in Belgium and Germany filled out the same questionnaire as in Study I. The same analysis was conducted as for Study I, and they provided the same results as the native group, highlighting the invariance of the model between natives and immigrants. Applicative repercussions are discussed.     

United we stand? The educational implications of the politics of difference

This paper attempts to follow the changes in the concept state over the last two hundred years, by tracing changes in the aims of public education. Four major stages are identified. The first is characterized by the establishment of the nation-state, when a national and civic education are fused together. The second is marked by the erosion of the identity between state and nation, and by attempts to prevent this process through the development of contradictory educational strategies: neutral civic education and nation building through the mechanism of the melting pot. At the third stage, despite the above-mentioned efforts, the awakening of national minorities demanding special national education sharpens the distinction between civic and national education. This leads to the last stage, the politics of difference, when the nationally homogenous nation-state is replaced by a consciously heterogenous state. Such a state can grant all its members equal civil and national rights only if it endorses traditional liberal values. Hence, despite the fact they firmly criticize liberalism and attempt to revive particular national education supporters of the politics of difference cannot deny that liberal values and civic education offer the best protection for their own ends.     

心理契约破坏对组织公民行为的影响：同事支持感的调节作用

采用问卷调查法,研究了同事支持感（perceived coworker support）在心理契约破坏和组织公民关系间的调节作用。研究结果表明：同事支持感会削弱心理契约破坏和组织公民行为的关系的强度,即当个体感知到较高程度的同事支持,虽然个体感受到心理契约被破坏,也会维持较高程度的组织公民行为。     

The participation of children and adolescents in family counselling: The German experience

This paper reflects the experiences of young people in child guidance and family counselling. For this purpose, first the institutional background of these counselling services in Germany is outlined. The fact that the adolescents concerned feel partly excluded and insufficiently integrated into the counselling process is illustrated through qualitative analysis of the experiences 17 young people had during their counselling process. These empirical findings are critically discussed in terms of the institutional conditions and methodical approaches which counteract the involvement of the actual addressees of the counselling service. The paper concludes that professionals need to attend more to facilitating the participation of young people.     

The Effects of Strategic and Behavioral Family Therapies on Child Behavior and Depression

The efficacy of behavioral and strategic approaches to child-focused family therapy for child behavior and depressive symptomatology was investigated. Participants were 49 clinic-referred families who were randomly assigned to either behavioral or strategic family therapy for 8 to 12 weeks and assessed at pre- and post-test. Results showed that both forms of therapy were equally effective in reducing parent-reported behavior problems and depression in children. In addition, the relationship between child and maternal depression was explored. Significant relationships were found between pre-test levels of depression in children as reported by mothers and mothers' self-reported depression, psychological stress and level of interpersonal discomfort. The results support a relationship between child and maternal depression. The findings also suggest that child-focused family therapy can be effective for both behavioral and depressive symptoms.     

以家庭之名行不义之事: 不道德亲家庭行为的影响及其机制

不道德亲家庭行为在组织中普遍存在且代价高昂, 当前已经成为学术界与管理层关注的焦点问题。现有文献主要聚焦于不道德亲家庭行为的前因研究, 对其后果的探讨尚显不足。本文基于不确定性-认同理论构建了不道德亲家庭行为影响员工工作和家庭生活的综合模型。通过实验研究、三方配对的多时点问卷调查研究以及5次纵向追踪研究, 本文发现不道德亲家庭行为会增强员工的家庭认同, 并通过家庭认同降低员工的组织公民行为以及家庭不文明行为。道德认同中心性调节上述效应, 当道德认同中心性较高时, 不道德亲家庭行为对家庭认同的正向影响及其对组织公民行为和家庭不文明行为的间接影响会被削弱。此外, 不道德亲家庭行为的积极后效具有短暂性, 其通过家庭认同降低家庭不文明行为的间接效应在4周后逐渐减弱, 并于6周后消失。本文为理解不道德亲家庭行为的后果、机制及边界条件提供了新视角, 对组织管理和家庭关系管理具有重要启示意义。     

Are Newsjunkies More Likely to Vote? Intrinsic Need for Orientation and Voter Registration,Intention to Vote,and Voter Conscientiousness

This study examined the newsjunkie characteristic—intrinsic need for orientation (INFO)—as a predictor of being registered to vote, intention to vote, and voter conscientiousness among a large sample of U.S. adults (N = 2,059), while controlling for media use, news consumption, political partisanship, and demographics. INFO assesses the extent to which people access news in their downtime, feel discomfort when they cannot get news, check news among the first things they do daily, and believe that following news connects them with others. The current study is the first to examine relationships between the sustained, psychological INFO trait and political participation. INFO rests upon theoretical frameworks of uses and gratifications and self-determination theory, both of which are employed in this study. INFO was positively correlated with being registered to vote, with intending to vote in the 2020 U.S. election, and with voter conscientiousness, even after controlling for numerous other variables. Additionally, INFO was still positively associated with the political participation variables after political news consumption was included as a mediator in three mediation analyses.     

Responsive Parenting and Child Socialization: Integrating Two Contexts of Family Life

Developmental and behavioral research traditions differ in their prioritization of certain interpersonal contexts. Developmentalists focus on what might be called the attunement context and investigate how parent responsiveness impacts child symbolic capacities and social behavior. Behaviorists, on the other hand, focus primarily on limit-setting encounters and how reinforcement impacts rates of coercive and cooperative child behavior. The present paper discusses parental attunement from a reinforcement perspective. It illustrates that child behavior is related not only to how parents respond to prior episodes of coercion and cooperation, but to a wide range of child social behaviors.     

Beyond the Ethnic‐Civic Dichotomy: Cultural Citizenship as a New Way of Excluding Immigrants

In European Union (EU) countries, public debates about immigrants and citizenship are increasingly framed in cultural terms. Yet, there is no agreement within the citizenship literature on whether a cultural citizenship representation can be distinguished from the more established ethnic and civic representations and on how its measures relate to anti‐immigrant attitudes. The present study tested measures of citizenship representations among high school students (N = 1476) in six EU countries (Belgium, France, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, and Sweden). Factor analyses favored a three‐factor model of citizenship representations (i.e., ethnic, cultural, and civic factors), which showed partial metric invariance. Across countries, ethnic and cultural scales correlated positively with each other and negatively with the civic scale. Moreover, ethnic and cultural scales related positively and the civic scale negatively to anti‐immigrant attitudes. However, when analyzed simultaneously, relations of the ethnic scale with anti‐immigrant attitudes were no longer significant, while those of the cultural and civic scales proved to be robust. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

员工强制性组织公民行为的多层次形成机制

组织公民行为一直被视为员工“心甘情愿”而为之, 然而随着被加班、被捐款等“被”现象的不断出现, 越来越多的研究证实强制性组织公民行为(即被迫无奈的组织公民行为)在组织中同样普遍存在, 而且会导致劳资关系紧张, 威胁企业内部和谐等, 但相关研究较为匮乏。本研究以员工的强制性组织公民行为为研究对象, 聚焦于对其形成机制的研究。具体地, 使用特质激活、强制说服和自我决定等理论, 分别从指向员工个体、领导和组织三个层次的影响因素揭示员工强制性组织公民行为的形成机制, 建立员工强制性组织公民行为多层次形成机制的概念模型。研究结果实践上有利于本土企业构建和谐的劳资关系并实施更加人性化的管理, 理论上有望为组织公民行为领域贡献新的知识, 在一定程度上推动组织公民行为理论在中国的研究与应用。