ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ROBOTICS: CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE SCIENCE AND RELIGION FORUM

The Science and Religion Forum (SRF) seeks to be the premier organization promoting the discussion between science and religion in the United Kingdom for academics, professionals, and interested lay people. Each year, the SRF holds a conference tackling a topical issue, and in 2019 focused on artificial intelligence and robotics. This article introduces the thematic section which is made up of three papers from that conference and provides a summary of the event.     

INTEGRAL LEADERSHIP FOR THE 21 st CENTURY

Current leadership theories and business models—built around modernist assumptions about winners and losers, power and control, and local rather than global interactions—are decades out of date with what is needed to lead postindustrial and postmodern enterprises. This article calls for a collaborative and socially intelligent theory for leadership development based on Integral Science. This theory incorporates and unifies appropriate elements of current leadership research for a postmodern knowledge economy and seeks answers to questions still unanswered.     

INTEGRAL MEDICINE AND HEALTH

Integral Science provides the empirical rigor needed to shift medicine's worldview. The shift in science will give rise to Integral Medicine, which will emerge from the integration and transformational change of biomedicine, psychosocial approaches, Complementary and Alternative Medicine, and other reform movements. The root metaphor of Integral Medicine is a healthy and sustainable ecosystem. At its heart are mind–body holism and collaborative learning. Healing and the creation of health will emphasize educational, self-care, and community support models. Implications are discussed for practice, research, and education.     

ENCOUNTERS WITH EMERGENT DEITIES: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SCIENCE FICTION NARRATIVE

In the mid-twentieth century, theorists began seriously forecasting possibilities for artificial intelligence (AI). As related research gathered momentum and resources, the topic made impressions on public discourse. One effect was increasingly pointed emphasis on AI in popular narratives. Although considerably earlier thematic examples may be located, we can observe swelling and generally pessimistic threads of speculation in science fiction of the 1950s and 1960s. This discussion identifies some pertinent science fiction texts from that period, alongside public discussion arising from contemporary research. One consistent theme is human receptiveness to the numinous, and the capacity to ascribe personality and even divinity to sufficiently impressive manifestations, even artificial ones. Science fiction has long contemplated such reactions, prefiguring today's anticipations of AIs that might abruptly develop themselves beyond any possible human comprehension or control. This body of exploratory projections is a useful resource for the engineers and philosophers currently grappling with realistic prospects for Western humanity's shifting conception of itself.     

SUSTAINABILITY SEEN THROUGH AN INTEGRAL LENS

The call to create a sustainable society includes many ideas that are consonant with Integral Science, including its conception of humans as part of nature, emphasis on healthy communities as fundamental building blocks, and emphasis on collaborative social organization. Integral Science expands the sustainability discussion by adding an ecological view of growth, and fractal structures to explain resilient structure. It describes the new society as a collaborative learning society that adapts appropriately to accurate signals. It also shows that the new society is already emerging.     

THE END OF NEO-LIBERALISM AND THE BEGINNINGS OF INTEGRAL ECONOMICS

A burgeoning policy shift from neo-liberal economics is underway, with leadership by presidential candidate Dennis Kucinich (D-Ohio). His platform positions stem in part from his negative experiences with neo-liberalism when he was Mayor of Cleveland more than 30 years ago. Although his response as Mayor was based on confrontation politics, examples of community-based economies built on collaborative planning, ownership, and management have since become more widely known. We can now show that the successful Grameen Bank and the Mondragon Cooperatives were constructed on principles consistent with Integral Science.     

我国中小学生创造力与智力和人格相关研究

创造力与智力和人格之间关系历来众说纷坛,据我们对中国中小学生的相关研究后发现,创造力与智商有很高的相关,也就是说高创造力有赖于高智商．但两者间又不是完全同步,高智商者并不一定有高创造力．它显然还受到其它因素的影响,如兴趣,勤奋,知识的学习和运用等等．创,造力与人格的关系被称为创造人格。据我们的研究,中小学生具有高智慧性,高乐观性,高敢为性和低忧虑性等创造性人格特征。     

学生智力与反应时的关系的教育神经心理学研究

通过比较不同智商者的大脑两半球的反应时发现,小学生中智力较高者大脑西半球的反应时较智力较低者明显为短,说明智力水平与大脑反应明显相关;选择反应时与智力水平的关系较简单反应时尤为密切。但正确反应率在两组之间未见有明显差异。     

INTEGRAL ECOLOGY: A PERSPECTIVAL,DEVELOPMENTAL, AND COORDINATING APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS

Integral Ecology uses multiple perspectives to analyze environmental problems. Four of Integral Ecology's major analytical perspectives (known as the quadrants) correspond to the four divisions of the liberal arts and sciences: fine arts, natural science, social science, and humanities. Integral Ecology also utilizes the analytical perspective provided by the idea of cultural moral development. This perspective helps to reveal how stakeholders at different developmental stages disclose a phenomenon, in this case, a tropical forest that loggers propose to clear-cut. Integral Ecology takes into account all pertinent perspectives, in order to arrive at the best possible solution to environmental problems and conflicts.     

AN INTEGRAL APPROACH TO SUSTAINABLE CONSUMPTION AND WASTE REDUCTION

This article aims to demonstrate how the Integral approach can be utilized to understand and potentially resolve a particular human-ecological issue. It arises out of a research project that involved examining the factors inhibiting sustainable consumption and waste reduction in the community of Calgary. The Integral approach aims to ensure that no fundamental dimensions of the problem are neglected. It beckons us to consider body, mind, and spirit in the personal, cultural, and social realms of reality.     

ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: EPISTEMOLOGICAL ARGUMENTS

This essay presents an analysis of different processes of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and semisupervised, through the prism of the epistemologies of several prominent Islamic philosophical schools. I discuss the way each school conceptualizes the ontological absolute (immortality, death, afterlife) and the way this shapes their respective epistemologies. I present an analysis of the different machine learning processes through the prism of the epistemological constructs of each of these philosophic traditions. I conclude with the argument that more scholars from the Islamic philosophical tradition should engage in the debates about the development of artificial intelligence and its implications, given that many Muslim countries are among the leaders in this development and its application in everyday life.     

检测时与智力关系的研究述评

检测时是信息加工速度的重要指标,它与一般智力测验分数之间存在着稳定的相关,两者之间的相关常被解释为智力个体差异的认知或生理学的基础。文章介绍了检测时与智商之间的相关研究。讨论了研究者对检测时和智力之间相关本质的几种理论解释。同时,总结了从生物学和发展的角度对检测时与智力之间相关的本质理解的研究。在此基础上,文章分了检测时与智力之间关系研究中存在的问题和未来的研究方向     

THE SCIENCE AND RELIGION FORUM DISCUSS INFORMATION AND REALITY: QUESTIONS FOR RELIGIONS AND SCIENCE

The Science and Religion Forum (SRF) promotes discussion on issues at the interface of science and religion. The forum membership is diverse and it holds an annual conference to encourage exploration of issues that arise at the interface of science and religion. This article provides an overview of the hybrid conference that took place at the Woodbrooke Centre in Birmingham in May 2022. The conference addressed the issue of information and reality for religions and science across two broad themes. The first focused on metaphysical matters and the impact of the idea that information (quantum, biological, digital) are the fundamental building blocks of the universe, on our theological discourse. The second took a more ethical turn focusing on the issues raised by the interaction of information (biological, personal, digital) and science in society. This thematic section includes articles that span both strands of the conference including the public Gowland Lecture and the winning essay from the Peacocke Prize.     

儿童的检测时与智力

采用三种视觉检测时任务,考察了儿童的检测时的特点以及儿童的检测时与智力之间的关系。结果发现：随着年龄的增长,儿童的检测时有逐步减小的趋势;儿童的检测时依赖于加工任务的类型。儿童的检测时与智力测验分数之间具有中等程度的负相关,并且两者之间的相关程度受加工任务和年龄因素的影响;与检测时快的儿童组相比,检测时慢组的检测时能够更好预测其智力测验分数。     

INTRODUCTION TO THE SYMPOSIUM ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND APOCALYPTICISM

This is an introduction to the Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Apocalypticism, which resulted from a conference hosted by the Centre for the Critical Study of Apocalyptic and Millenarian Movements (CenSAMM) in Bedford, UK. The introduction provides a brief history of scholarly work in the intersections of apocalypticism and artificial intelligence and of the emergence of CenSAMM from a millenarian religious community, the Panacea Society. It concludes by pointing toward the contributions of the symposium's essays.     

综合智力:对智力概念的整合

对于智力的概念和效果长期以来存在争议和怀疑。研究表明传统的智力概念不良很好解释个体的成就。     

CULTURE AND WORK-RELATED VALUES IN THAI ORGANIZATIONS

In the context of the Thai socio-cultural system, this paper analyzes the work-related values, factors that motivate workers and managers and their patterns of behavior in government and private sectors. Two nation-wide surveys identified 9 value orientations: the Ego, Grateful relationship, Smooth interpersonal relationship, Flexibility and adjustment, Religio-psychical orientation, Education and competence. Interdependence, Fun-pleasure, and Achievement-task. The findings show that for the Thai, task achievement value is usually inhibited by social relationship values. However, for the lower class of Thai society like farmers and skilled workers, work values are more oriented towards hard work as there is only a small chance that their work would be in conflict with relations. In conclusion, the author argues for the concept of cultural relativity in the formulation of management and organizational theories.     

EVOLVING APPROACHES TO CONSERVATION: INTEGRAL ECOLOGY AND CANADA'S GREAT BEAR RAINFOREST

This case study applies Integral Ecology to analyze the broad range of strategies environmentalists have undertaken to create protected areas and change forest practices in the Great Bear Rainforest, British Columbia, Canada. Rainforest conservation efforts in the region promoted holistic, trans-disciplinary solutions and fostered agreement among diverse stakeholders, modeling an Integral Ecology approach. Environmentalists worked locally and globally, engaging with economic, cultural, political, and scientific systems to create change. The campaign involved transformations at personal and cultural levels that have enabled negotiated solutions involving over twenty million acres of rainforest on British Columbia's coast.