家庭心理治疗：一种科学的治疗理念

家庭心理治疗作为一种新的、科学的治疗理念正引起心理治疗专家和学者的普遍兴趣和关注。它着眼于家庭和家庭内部关系,把一种新的治疗理念引入了心理治疗领域。在介绍家庭心理治疗基本问题和国内外发展概况的基础上,论述其在中国存在和发展的必然性及可能性,旨在为我国家庭心理治疗的发展和应用提供参考。     

Rationale and directions for an increased emphasis on the therapeutic relationship in family therapy

This paper argues the need for an increased emphasis on the therapeutic relationship in family therapy. The ways in which the field of family therapy has eschewed the importance of the therapeutic relationship are discussed. Therapeutic alliance research from the field of individual psychotherapy and research on the importance of relationship factors to family therapy are reviewed. Suggestions for family therapy theory, practice, and research are presented.An earlier version of this article was presented at the 1992 Western Canadian Conference on Family Practice.     

Virginia Satir's Process of Change

SUMMARY

This article describes Virginia Satir's theoretical base out of which grows the theory and practice of her process of change in psychotherapy. Her theory is set in a context of other psychothcrupeulic theories and is described with case examples of application. Virginia's process of change is applied to individual, couple and family therapy particularly its application to cultural change is discussed.     

Using Narrative Theory and Self Psychology Within a Multigenerational Family Systems Perspective

This paper illustrates how a process of psychoanalytic psychotherapy can be enhanced and extehded by combining ideas from narrative theory and self psychology within a multigenerational family systems perspective. The illustration is based on a summary and discussion of a satisfactorily completed thirty-session psychotherapy for an adult man who sought therapy for relief from his depression.     

Dynamic interpersonal therapy in an NHS tertiary level specialist psychotherapy service

We describe the introduction of dynamic interpersonal psychotherapy (DIT) into an National Health Service (NHS) tertiary psychoanalytic specialist psychotherapy service. Training in DIT began as our contribution to Improving Access to Psychological Therapies and primary care services, supporting the training and supervision of their DIT practitioners. We then discovered DIT could be a valuable treatment within our own tertiary NHS service for patients with complex presentations. Currently fighting for survival, like many NHS psychoanalytic psychotherapy services nationally, we have adopted a manual-guided, psychoanalytically based therapy to broaden our tertiary clinical psychoanalytic service and accommodate trends in mental health service provision, whilst protecting the quality and integrity of our psychotherapy. DIT helped us continue providing relevant and beneficial psychoanalytic and psychodynamic services to individual patients despite limitations of the financially challenged NHS, NICE guidelines and Payment by Results. We outline the progress and outcomes for patients with complex mental health presentations, include individual case discussion and our experience of using the DIT approach within a traditionally longer term psychoanalytic psychotherapy service.     

Parentification and the Impostor Phenomenon: An Empirical Investigation

The therapeutic alliance has consistently predicted client outcomes in psychotherapy. This study uses attachment theory as a resource in understanding the therapeutic alliance. Participants in this study were 27 mothers, 15 fathers, and 23 adolescents that participated in family therapy. Results indicate that mothers' reports of trust in their oldest child predicted the alliance, and adolescent ratings of trust in mothers and fathers moderated the relationship between therapy alliance and symptom distress. Implications for family therapy research and practice are discussed.     

Alfred Adler's Treatment as a Form of Brief Therapy

Alfred Adler was largely overlooked during his era because he viewed people as creative beings in control of their own mental health and resisted the then-standard practice of treating human beings from a pedestal with a normative body of laws. His progressive style of treatment has become more popular in an age when efficient and collaborative treatment is valued for the sake of cost-effectiveness. This article positions Adlerian psychotherapy as a form of brief therapy, effective psychotherapy that takes place in 20 sessions or fewer. The article summarizes the fundamentals of Adlerian theory, outlines the general criteria of brief psychotherapy required by managed care companies, and specifically highlights how Adlerian psychotherapy qualifies as brief psychotherapy.     

Reversal theory and psychotherapy: A review

The present paper aims to review the emerging practice of structural phenomenological psychotherapy derived from the theory of psychological reversals and to provide some extensions of this practice. The paper does not provide a full account of reversal theory, which is available elsewhere (Apter, 1982; Apter et al., 1985). It does, however, provide an account of the way in which this theory can be applied to the practice of therapy. Throughout this paper, counselling and psychotherapy are regarded as synonymous.     

Family Therapy Training and Workforce Planning

There is a strong argument for further developing family therapy as a profession within the NHS, using the mechanisms for workforce planning at regional and national levels. Family therapy can be a full-time occupation, as a profession and a secondary activity, as systemic practice. There is ambivalence about professionalism within the field and at different levels of society. This article outlines areas of tension between family therapy and government policies which focus on evidence-based practice. Full integration into the NHS is possible through the career structure which links family therapy with clinical psychology, adult and child psychotherapy, and provides a model for linking workforce planning with education. There are risks of family therapy becoming marginalized in the future, as a profession or as systemic practice, unless it connects better with workforce planning.     

Psychotherapy with families of psychosomatic patients

Paradigmatic complexes in family psychotherapy have been indicating a revolutionary change and the creation of new paradigms for the past thirty years. Starting with the application of the general systems theory and the development of those concepts that have been emerging regarding psychosomatic illnesses we discuss the epistemological confusion created, the methodological problems and the dissociation between theory and practice. We suggest a double process of investigation of the family structure using a knowledge of the basic attitudes and the development of a psychotherapy programme within the family of the psychosomatic patient.     

Recognizing social class in the psychotherapy relationship: a grounded theory exploration of low-income clients

The process of psychotherapy among 16 low-income clients was explored using grounded theory (Charmaz, 2006; Glaser & Strauss, 1967) in order to understand and identify their unique experiences and needs. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 women and 4 men who had attended at least 6 sessions of psychotherapy within 6 months of the interview. Our grounded theory that evolved depicted a tapestry of the dynamic process by which low-income clients experience social class within psychotherapy. Specific therapist behaviors that contribute to more and less positive experiences emerged from the data and pointed to the importance of acknowledging social class within the therapy room. The significance of therapists enhancing the 50-min hour via advocacy and meaningful moments within and outside of the therapy room was highlighted among all participants. Implications for practice with low-income clients and directions for future research are provided.     

阿德勒心理治疗方法与当代心理治疗整合精神的契合

阿德勒为心理治疗提供了一个经得起时间考验的综合理论。他对人类行为做了务实的概念化处理,并改变了程序使其可能整合当代心理治疗理论中众多有价值的见解。阿德勒心理治疗与当代实践之间存在很多相似之处,因为阿德勒治疗是一种现在与未来定向的、限时性的（即短程的）、整合性和折衷性的方法。     

Microphenomena research,intersubjectivity and client as self-healer

This article describes an approach to counselling and psychotherapy which complements dominant discourse approaches to clinical evaluation based on New Public Management systems which underpin the Improved Access to Psychological Therapies scheme within the field of therapy. It is based on an approach to research and practice development which I will call practitioner microphenomena research. In order to demonstrate the method, I will examine an extract from a single case study of a client with major depressive disorder from the point of view of intersubjective theory and a little-known approach to therapy called anthroposophic psychotherapy based on the work of Rudolf Steiner. I will show how the two clinical methods are well suited to examining the microphenomena of practice and can be integrated into a coherent whole. A central feature of the account will be the anthroposophical view about the central importance of our individuality or ‘I’ which has similarities with the Jungian self but is still distinct from it.     

Integrating Individual and Family Systems Psychotherapy to Treat Borderline Personality Disorder

This paper focuses on two areas. The first is the framework for psychotherapy integration used by Unified Therapy, a psychotherapy approach that is an integration of psychodynamic, cognitive–behavioral, and family systems therapy. The second is the use of this treatment paradigm in the psychotherapy of adults with borderline personality disorder. The theory posits that continuing and recurrent interpersonal behavior patterns within the patient's family of origin serve as behavioral triggers to typical acting-out behaviors. Therapy is geared toward planning strategies to alter these destructive patterns. A case example is presented to demonstrate the use of the therapy's theories and techniques.     

Narrative process modes as a bridging concept for the theory, research and clinical practice of systemic therapy

This article is concerned with the relationships which hold between the clinical practice and the theory of family therapy; and between these and academic research. These relationships are seen as tenuous and thin because, in the first place, there is a lack of rigorous theoretical underpinning; and second, the research methods employed do not fit in with current family therapy practice, and with the theory that underlies this practice. The role of the concept of narrative process modes is proposed as a bridging and mediating one. The external, internal and reflective narrative process modes are seen as relevant from the point of view of family therapy process research, and the clinical practice of marital and family therapy.     

How My Theory and Practice of Psychotherapy Has Influenced and Changed Other Psychotherapies

In this article I address three main questions: (a) how psychotherapy has changed the modern world of psychology, (b) how it has changed the modern world in general, and (c) how my special form of psychotherapy, rational emotive behavior therapy, and its derivative, cognitive behavior therapy, have changed the recent theory and practice of psychotherapy.     

Relating to knowledge: challenges in generating and using theory for practice in family therapy*

This paper explores knowledge and how family therapy relates to its own knowledge. It begins with the identification of particular puzzles that have emerged through the author's involvement in family therapy, and ends with a reflection on these same puzzles following the main theoretical exploration. The exploration first considers the issue of the generation of knowledge in the context of practice disciplines, and then discusses disciplinarity and the dynamics of competitiveness and oppositionality that go alongside this social structuring of knowledge. This discussion paves the way for an exploration of these dynamics in family therapy, including the competitiveness in relation to different models within family therapy, and the tendency for theory development to be represented in terms of discontinuity rather than continuity. The relationship between theory and practice is recast through this investigation, and an argument is made for using a layered epistemology to inform our relationship to knowledge.     

Narrative Child Family Therapy

In this article, child family therapy is presented as a hermeneutic activity shaped by an interest in the evolving narrative. Over brief, analytic play interviews, the therapist documents a child's narrative understanding of the presenting family problem. This allows psychological meaning to be jointly constructed in therapeutic conversation with the child and family. The idea of play as narrative integrates child psychotherapy into recent social constructionist thinking in family therapy. The article also discusses how narrative therapists can use prior theory and training.