关于辅助生殖技术的理性思考

现代生物医学科技的进步和发展,使人类的自然生殖繁衍变成了一种可由技术干预和控制的过程.理性地审视辅助生殖技术,必须重视它的双面效应,切实履行知情同意原则,正确对待"人造"多胞胎,防止利用辅助生殖技术犯罪.     

Teaching,Reason and Risk

In his writings on teaching, Isreal Scheffler has argued for the close connection between teaching and reason, an argument which can be summarized by, Teaching is. . an initiation into open rational discussion. This essay examines Schefflier's thesis in the light of criticisms drawn from feminist writings on teaching. It is argued that Scheffler's thesis is consistent with a view of teaching in which it can be achieved through kindness, good example and the efficacy of unconscious imitation, characteristics of the private, reproductive processes typical of women. It is then argued that Scheffler's concept of teaching is compatible with views of education that try to do justice to both reason and emotion, mind and feeling.     

The Arts,Midrash, and Biblical Teaching

Abstract. Biblical texts have been handed on to us through a long history of interpretation. Awareness of this rich but complex process is one of the goals of biblical teaching. Since the earliest centuries of the church there has been a parallel history of artistic interaction with the biblical text. These artistic treatments of biblical subjects have had a great cultural impact and have deeply influenced public perceptions and understandings of the Bible. Unfortunately, seldom does this history of artistic interpretation become a part of Bible courses. In this paper, I reflect on learnings from a serious effort to take artistic resources and methodologies into account in teaching Hebrew Bible in a theological school. My most successful efforts have employed the ancient Jewish interpretive method of midrash. Use of midrash opens new, imaginative possibilities that can enliven and extend our usual exegesis of texts. More specifically, midrash provides the ideal category for understanding artistic interactions with biblical texts. Through midrash students can understand artists to be both profound respecters of the power and integrity of biblical texts, while at the same time extending and entering into imaginative encounter with those texts. This article will appear as a chapter in the forthcoming book Arts, Theology, and the Church: New Intersections.     

Teaching,caring, and altruistic behaviors in toddlers

Peer-directed behaviors of toddlers were longitudinally recorded in a naturalistic preschool setting. An observer (O, the first author) recorded children's behaviors during play sessions with an IC recorder. One-year-old children (N = 13) and children under the age of 12 months (N = 8) were observed for 15 min, 6 times in a year. Their teaching, caring, and altruistic behaviors were analyzed in detail. Results indicated that peer-directed behaviors of one-year-olds increased dramatically. It is concluded that toddlers are sophisticated social being.     

Racial Differences in the Career Success of Assistant Football Coaches: The Role of Discrimination,Human Capital,and Social Capital1

The purpose of this study was to examine competing hypotheses (human and social capital vs. discrimination) concerning the differential career outcomes of Black and White assistant football coaches. Data were gathered from 328 NCAA Division 1‐A assistant coaches (224 White coaches, 104 Black coaches). Results demonstrated racial differences in the career satisfaction of coaches, number of promotions received, and organizational proximity to the head coach position among the coaches, with Black coaches scoring lower on each outcome. MANCOVA results and subsequent tests for mediation showed that these differences could not be explained by racial differences in human and social capital, thereby providing support for the discrimination hypothesis.     

Personal Publication Assistant: Abstract recommendations by a cognitive model

This paper discusses an analysis of how scientists select relevant publications, and an application that can assist scientists in this information selection task. The application, called the Personal Publication Assistant, is based on the assumption that successful information selection is driven by recognizing familiar terms. To adapt itself to a researcher’s interests, the system takes into account what words have been used in a particular researcher’s abstracts, and when these words have been used. The user model underlying the Personal Publication Assistant is based on a rational analysis of memory, and takes the form of a model of declarative memory as developed for the cognitive architecture ACT-R. We discuss an experiment testing the assumptions of this model and present a user study that validates the implementation of the Personal Publication Assistant. The user study shows that the Personal Publication Assistant can successfully make an initial selection of relevant papers from a large collection of scientific literature.     

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎诊治的临床决策

腹膜透析相关性腹膜炎的治疗以前主要着眼于抗生素的选择,但其防治应该是从腹透管置管开始的整体策略,包括预防性抗生素的使用、患者的强化培训、腹膜炎的早期快速诊断、给药途径与疗程,以及拔管指征等。肾科医师临床决策是需要根据最新的治疗指南及研究进展,结合患者的个体特点进行综合判断,以期达到最佳的治疗效果。     

Forum: Teaching With,Against, and To Faith

These three articles deal with the issue of faith in the classroom – whether one should teach “to,” “for,” or “against” faith. While their institutional settings and experiences are different, the authors all contend that more serious reflection needs to be given to the matter of how religious commitment plays out in our diverse pedagogical settings. The initial article by Carolyn Medine surveys the current climate regarding student spirituality in the classroom, the broader governmental concerns, and, the tensions that inform the choices available to a professor. Todd Penner's essay analyzes faith‐as‐ideology in the undergraduate classroom, and Marjorie Lehman's contribution analyzes how the issue manifests differently in Jewish Studies.     

Catholic Social Teaching,Economic Inequality,and American Society

The essay begins with an explanation of the underlying theological vision that supports Catholic social teaching's commitment to the centrality of the common good and the role of solidarity as both a virtue and a norm. The vision of humanity as one family and the church as a sacrament of unity is the foundation for a communitarian ethic that prizes inclusion, participation, and relative equality in the quest for a truly just society. An array of social science studies is then employed to show that economic inequality “bleeds” into other realms of public life to undermine fundamental commitments of American society, namely, equal opportunity and political democracy. The essay concludes that an understanding of Catholic social teaching promotes a critical perspective that is deeply at odds with ongoing trends in the U.S. economy.