略论需要的客观性

需要是马克思主义哲学的一个重要范畴。但由于长期把需要视为一个主观的心理学范畴 ,从而忽视了对之的深入研究 ,直到 2 0世纪 80年代价值论研究兴起之后 ,需要范畴才凸现出来 ,并成为哲学领域的一个重要问题。然而 ,需要究竟是客观的 ,还是主观的 ?这个问题然没有解决 ,仍旧存     

近年海外新儒学的动向述介

现代新儒学在其演变、发展过程中，无疑会随着时代的变迁而经常呈现出新的动向、表现出新的特点。笔者于１９９７年９月至９８年２月应邀赴美国进行学术访问期间，在哈佛大学燕京学社访问了该社主持人、中国历史和哲学教授杜维明先生。同时，访美期间笔者还与国际中国哲学...     

从进化发育角度反思免疫有关问题

从进化和发育角度对免疫学领域中某些尚未明了的有关问题及其生物学意义进行了反思。认为淋巴免疫源于脊椎动物机体阶段或变态发育的同步监管功能,它可区分幼体细胞/成体细胞或处理"异步"细胞以防止异常或逆行发育;协同刺激信号分子可能是细胞逆行发育的标志,而MHC分子可能是发育或变态的阶段标志;抗原受体多样性和MHC分子多态性的最初进化压力来自阶段发育中所需的自身识别,免疫的非我识别源于系统发育中积累的自我识别在个体内的冗余;复杂和难以理解的免疫现象可能只是由简单的进化机制形成的。     

Some Comments on the Methodological Significance of the Definition of a Response

Evidence in the present study, in conjunction with evidence in previous studies, indicates that sensory or perceptual factors do not account for the slowing that occurs in later life. Elderly Ss are slower than young adult Ss, but, up to the point of fairly weak stimulation (55 db), they are as slow in relation to auditory stimuli that are loud and easy to perceive as they are to stimuli more difficult to perceive. An unanticipated interaction involving stimulus intensity was observed which warrants further attention. When, in the course of the study, the intensity of stimulation was systematically decreased, reaction times (RTs) of older Ss with a .5 second preparatory interval (PI) were much slower than when the intensity of stimulation was systematically increased.

An exploratory study was also carried out. In this study, the pacing of stimulus events was predictable, and Ss were instructed to take advantage of this. RTs were quicker with this procedure than with traditional RT procedures, but not significantly more for old adult Ss than for younger ones. However, the level of significance was such as to suggest that timing may be an important clue to the slowing in later life.     

也谈帛、简《老子》之研究

《老子》正像军事哲学《孙子》那样,是当时政治哲学的另一座高峰,可惜先秦的历史文化条件及后来的思想文化专制主义早已使它变形失真。帛书《老子》（下简称帛本）证明今本错讹甚多,而楚简《老子》（简称简本）又证明连帛本也出现许多讹误。简、帛两本对于老子的研究大有解疑去讹、拨乱反正之功,为《老子》研究的突破提供了锐利武器。但是,从已出版帛本的注译看,框套今本者多,订正讹误者少;以古从今者众,用古正今者寡;谨慎保守有余,信古从真不足。对帛书老子的研究、开发、利用极为不够:第     

Philosophy and Cross-Cultural Conversation: Some Comments on the Project of Comparative Philosophy

This paper seeks to highlight the East-West asymmetry in philosophical exchanges. It draws attention to the absence of Eastern thought in the curriculum of philosophy in the West and suggests that cliches and stereotypes about cultures in general and thought-traditions in particular are perpetuated in this manner. The aim of the paper is to encourage 'cross-cultural conversation' among philosophers. A critical review of the project of 'comparative philosophy' is made to disclose the fact that despite the difficulties of such an endeavor, it is an attempt to bring thought-traditions together and is thereby useful for promoting intercultural understanding.     

Executive Coaching and REBT: Some Comments from the Field

Executive Coaching comprises personal counseling, business advice, and advice about managing for people who are in executive management. This involves a one-to-one helping relationship between coach and client. In each case for which executive coaching is sought, there are problems the client has encountered which requires changes in client behavior. REBT, with its blend of easy understandability and direct applicability to client problems, is an ideal tool for use in executive coaching. Clients readily understand the A-B-C-D connections and are able to effect changes in behavior. The article includes case examples.     

Some Comments on The Problem of Reductionism in Contemporary Physical Science

Is reductionism simply a methodology that has allowed science to progress to its current state (methodological reductionism), or does this methodology indicate something more, that the material universe is determined in full by its smallest components (ontological or causal reductionism)? Such questions lie at the heart of much of the contemporary religion–science dialogue. In this essay I suggest that the position articulated by philosopher–theologian Bernard Lonergan is particularly suitable for dealing with these questions. For Lonergan, the criterion of the real is simply its verified intelligibility and not its imaginability. Each of the various levels of reality, as studied in sciences such as physics, chemistry, biology, and sensitive and rational psychology, consists of an intelligible integration of what on the lower level would be simply random occurrences. The things studied by the various sciences (atoms, molecules, cellular organisms, animals, human persons, and so on) are intelligible unities, and no one level is somehow more real than any other. I argue that such a scheme, while seeming somewhat counterintuitive, is best able to deal with the multilayered reality of the contemporary physical and life sciences and provide an opening to the richness of the social sciences and the achievements of human culture.     

Metaphysical Nihilism and Cosmological Arguments: Some Tractarian Comments

Abstract: This paper explores the relevance of themes from Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico‐Philosophicus to the ongoing discussion of metaphysical nihilism. I set out by showing how metaphysical nihilism is of paramount importance for cosmological arguments. Metaphysical nihilism is the position that there might have been nothing. Two conflicting intuitions emerge from a survey of discussions of metaphysical nihilism: Firstly, that metaphysical nihilism is true, and secondly, that formulations of the position are somehow unclear or nonsensical. By considering formalizations of philosophical language, the second intuition is sharpened, while the first intuition is given expression through the Tractarian distinction between what is said and what is shown by our symbolism. I conclude by exploring and rejecting objections to making metaphysical nihilism a scientific, rather than a philosophical question.