古代巫术小手段

下面发表的两篇文章,一篇是摘自古代文献,一篇是据2003年5月15日千龙新闻网报道。一古一今,说的都是在传染病流行期间,妖言、谣言如何兴风作浪的事。人们从中可以发现,数百甚至上千年过去了,巫婆神汉们的手法还没有多少改进。他们所造的妖言、谣言,还是那么几条。 不过这里所说的古代材料,大多出于宋明以后。如果再往前追溯,还是可以看出一点变化。宋代以前也有巫婆神汉,但不造橘树叶、清泉水之类的谣言。而是就要人们求神,或者是吃香灰,饮符水,驱邪赶鬼。 看来,宋代以后的巫婆神汉们还是有了进步的。难道神灵也会进步吗? 据明代名医吴又可《瘟疫论》说,传染病流行期间,有的医生根据传统,往往不许病人吃生冷食物。但是病人发热,口渴得很。有的不顾死活,偷喝凉水,倒能减少一点发热症状。至于橘叶、柏叶,使病人在烦闷之中,得一点清香,未尝没有一些好处。这就是说,巫婆神汉们也会从实践中总结一点小经验,使出一些小手段。 神,也跟着人,变得聪明一些了。而人,则不仅要造神,还要随着时代的发展,不断教神学习一点新手段。这样的情形,应该使那些迷信的人明白一点鬼神到底是怎么回事。 当然,今天的谣言和宋代以来的内容相仿,但形式还是有了一点变化。过去的谣言,传说是神灵说的;现在的谣言,则传说是刚出生的婴儿     

论医院药品价格下调的影响

近几年,国家采取了一系列降低药品价格的政策。药品价格的调整是否从一定程度上减缓了“看病难,看病贵”的问题,是否达到了预期效果？本文将从医院、患者、医药公司和药店以及医药企业四方的角度对药品价格下调产生的影响进行探讨。     

五台山诗中的澹泊与高远之气

五台山久远的佛教传统、浓厚的佛教化底蕴和它雄奇高妙、婉如仙境的自然风光,吸引了历代的僧人墨客前来拜谒,从而传留下来大量吟咏五台山的诗、词、歌、赋,这其中的许多优秀篇章将会与雄伟的五台山和它璀璨的佛教化一样留传千古。五台山诗歌数以千计,这里不能详述其貌,只想就一些诗中创造出的恬静高远的意境做些分析和比较。     

我国古代“天文泰斗”及伟大创举

我国是天文学发展最早的国家之一,作出了许多重大的创造性的贡献。几千年来积累了大量宝贵的天文资料,受到各国天文学家的关注。由于农业生产和制定历法的需要,我们的祖先很早开始观测天象,并用以定方位、定时间、定季节。在我国古代历史上涌现出众多的天文学家,他们的卓越成就彪炳史册。唐尧“羲和”:最早的历法官唐尧的传说中,羲和是掌管天文的家庭,有羲仲、羲叔、和仲、和叔四人,被尧派往东、南、西、北四方,去观测昏中星。《尚书·尧典》说“乃命羲和,钦若昊天,历象日月星辰,敬授人时”。山东古为东夷之域,莒县、诸城又处滨海之地,正是…     

上海社会科学院哲学研究所成立六十周年纪念大会暨“求道:在古今中西之间”学术研讨会综述

<正>2019年4月30日,由上海社会科学院哲学研究所主办,《学术月刊》杂志社、《哲学分析》编辑部、《社会科学报》社、《毛泽东邓小平理论研究》编辑部、商务印书馆上海分馆、今日头条联合协办的上海社会科学院哲学研究所成立六十周年纪念大会暨"求道:在古今中西之间"学术研讨会开幕式在上海社科国际创新基地举行。纪念大会由上海社会科学院哲学所所长方松华主持,中共中央党校原副校长李君如,上海市委宣传部副部长徐炯,华东师范大学党委书记童世骏,中国社会科学院哲学研究所党委书记、副所长王立胜,上海市哲学学会会长、复旦大学哲学学院教授吴晓明,上海市社会科学界联合会专职副主席解超,上海社会科学院党委书记于信汇,《解放日报》党委副书记周智强,复旦大学哲学学院院长孙向晨分别致辞表示祝贺并作主题发言。来自复旦大学、华东师范大学、上海交通大学、上海财经大学、上海大学、上海师范大学等哲学院(系)代表和中国社科院及17家省市社     

Adaptation in Modern Times

Since the beginning of Christian mission, adaptation to local cultures (later called acculturation or inculturation) has been the main factor in mission failure or success. Placide Tempels is considered a pioneer of adaptation in modern times. He was a Flemish Franciscan missionary in Congo from 1933 to 1962 (with two breaks) and is well known for his adaptation to the Bantu worldview. Referring to spiritual and intellectual adaptation, the paper will answer the following questions: Was the adaptation of Placide Tempels successful? If it was or was not, why and in what way? The analysis will be linked to William Biernatzki's theory of root paradigms and meanings. To conclude, a connection will be made to the process of adaptation in international mission organizations today.     

Individual Differences in How Work and Nonwork Life Domains Contribute to Life Satisfaction: Using Factor Mixture Modeling for Classification

This study used factor mixture modeling to investigate individual differences in how life satisfaction is construed. Referring to the cognitive regulation of well-being we aimed to identify individuals for whom work and nonwork life domains contribute differently to overall life satisfaction. In a sample of 1,704 working adults two subgroups with different response patterns were identified. In the first subgroup work and nonwork life domains contributed equally to overall life satisfaction. In the second subgroup satisfaction with nonwork rather than work-related life domains were important sources of life satisfaction. Furthermore, participants in the second group processed negative affect from the work domain in ways that enabled them to maintain high levels of life satisfaction. We examined the external validity of class assignment and replicated our findings in a second sample. How factor mixture modeling can be used to uncover cognitive mechanisms that operate in evaluations of life satisfaction is discussed.     

Sources of Hope in Postmodern Times

This paper begins by identifying some of the hazards of living in postmodern times, including a sense of disconnectedness and loss of meaning. In the face of global uncertainty psychologists and others have noted a growing ‘psychology of despair’. How does this affect educators who are directly involved in teaching about environmental and global issues? And what sources of hope and inspiration might they draw on in their work? A recent pilot project is described in which a small group of global educators individually and collectively explored their main sources of hope, several of which were spiritual in nature.     

中国古代道家人本主义思想——丰富和发展21世纪的人格和咨询心理学理论

美国心理学,包括人本心理学,更趋向于关注西方文化和欧美理论,而忽略东方或者其他国家的文化。文章研究了老子的道家思想(以前称为Taoism),从中国古代哲学的角度论述了以下人本主义观点:1)为无为或者自发性及自然之道的原理;2)心胸豁达和宽容;3)水善人格;4)对女性和母亲的尊重;5)中庸及避免极端;6)幸福他人和世界;7)反对战争,热爱和平。文章还讨论了早期的人本咨询理论和中国道家思想的关系。     

中国古代士的政治道德

政治道德是我国道德文化的重要组成部分.士作为有文化的承担天下与社会责任的人,以弘道为己任,积极地参与政治,因而也就形成了独具士阶层特色的政治道德,对加强中国特色政治道德建设有积极的借鉴意义.     

中国古代的自然价值论

中国古代宇宙生成论,提出既区别于西方基督教神创论,又区别西方进化论的自然创造论;中国古代自然价值论是存在论与价值论统一、科学与道德统一的理论.它是我国宝贵的思想资源,对现代自然价值论和生态伦理学研究具有重要的启发意义.     

Reaction Times and Intelligence in Japanese Children

The hypothesis that reaction times are positively associated with intelligence was tested on 444 nine-year-old Japanese children. Intelligence was measured by the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, and 12 reaction time parameters were obtained to give measures of movement times, reaction times proper (decision times), differentiated into simple and complex reaction times, and variabilities. Factor analysis of the reaction time tasks indicated the presence of a general factor and three primary factors identifiable as movement times, simple reaction times, and complex reaction times. Of these, only complex reaction times showed significant associations with intelligence.     

Work Stress,Chinese Work Values,and Work Well-Being in the Greater China

ABSTRACT

Work values influence our attitudes and behavior at work, but they have rarely been explored in the context of work stress. The aim of this research was thus to test direct and moderating effects of Chinese work values (CWV) on relationships between work stressors and work well-being among employees in the Greater China region. A self- administered survey was conducted to collect data from three major cities in the region, namely Beijing, Hong Kong, and Taipei (N = 380). Work stressors were negatively related to work well-being, whereas CWV were positively related to work well-being. In addition, CWV also demonstrated moderating effects in some of the stressor–job satisfaction relationships.     

Dissatisfactions in Work

Abstract

(Tolman, E. C. Drives Toward War. New York: Appleton-Century, 1942. Pp. 118.) Reviewed by Nathan Israeli

(May, M. A. A Social Psychology of War and Peace. New Haven: Yale Univ. Press, 1943. Pp. 281.) Reviewed by Nathan Israeli