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1.
M.S. Singer 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》1993,1(4):184-202
Study 1 examined fairness perceptions about gender-based selection. Using a 2 × 3 × 4 (sample × justification × merit discrepancy) between-subjects design, and a scenario approach involving a hypothetical selection case, results showed that (1) males and females perceived gender-based selection as unfair and that the level of perceived unfairness was directly related to the size of discrepancy in merits between the female appointee and the rejected male candidate, (2) the provision of either an ethical or a legislative justification exacerbated perceptions of injustice. To reframe the findings in the context of relative deprivation theory, study 2 repeated study 1 with a professional sample as well as both measures of fairness perceptions and feelings of deprivation. Results on fairness perceptions replicated those of study 1. Findings concerning deprivation included: (1) gender-based selection induced a similar level of feeling (or empathy) of deprivation among male and female professionals; (2) the level of felt deprivation was not related to the size of merit discrepancy; (3) the provision of either form of justification further intensified feelings (or empathy) of deprivation. The implications were discussed within the framework of relative deprivation theory. 相似文献
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消极情绪在程序和互动不公正感与员工偏离行为间的中介作用:传统性的调节机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用问卷调查法对341名员工及其同事进行调查,从情绪和文化传统性视角,探讨了程序和互动不公正对员工偏离行为的影响及其内在作用机制.结果表明:(1)消极情绪是组织不公正感对员工偏离行为作用的中介变量;(2)传统性对组织不公正感对员工偏离行为的影响作用具有调节效果;(3)使用总效应调节模型对消极情绪在组织不公正感对员工偏离行为的中介效应及传统性的调节作用进行综合性分析,发现传统性主要在第二阶段,即消极情绪对员工偏离行为的影响作用上调节效果显著. 相似文献
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《Reformation & Renaissance Review》2013,15(2):170-211
AbstractThis document is a report sent in 1654 by Jean Le Vacher, member of the Congregation of the Mission, vicar apostolic of the Holy See and acting French consul in Tunis, to the cardinals of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, in Rome. It describe his missionary work in and around Tunis. Le Vacher’s letter focuses on the life and conditions of the Christian slaves (mostly Catholic, but Protestant too) in the region and on his efforts to provide spiritual and material assistance to them. It offers insights into early modern slavery in North Africa, the efforts of the Catholic Church to strengthen its presence in the area, and the culture and organisation of societies on the border between Islam and Christianity. This presentation includes the full text of Le Vacher’s report in the original Italian and in English translation, together with an introduction, commentary, and editorial notes. 相似文献
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I shall endeavor to show that every physical theory since Newton explainswithout drawing attention to causes–that, in other words, physical theories as physical theories aspire to explain under an ideal quite distinctfrom that of causal explanation. If I am right, then even if sometimes theexplanations achieved by a physical theory are not in violation ofthe standard of causal explanation, this is purely an accident. For physicaltheories, as I will show, do not, as such, aim at accommodating the goals oraspirations of causal explanation. This will serve as the founding insightfor a new theory of explanation, which will itself serve as the cornerstoneof a new theory of scientific method. 相似文献
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Ingmar Persson 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2008,11(3):295-303
Derek Parfit has argued that, in contrast to prioritarianism, egalitarianism is exposed to the levelling down objection, i.e.,
the objection that it is absurd that a change which consists merely in the betteroff losing some of their well-being should
be in one way for the better. In reply, this paper contends that (1) there is a plausible form of egalitarianism which is
equivalent to another form of prioritarianism than the Parfitian one, a relational rather than an absolute form of prioritarianism,
and that (2), although this relational or egalitarian form of prioritarianism is hit by the levelling down objection, the
Parfitian form is also hit by it, or worse objections, if it is fully worked out.
相似文献
Ingmar PerssonEmail: |
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John Kearns 《逻辑史和逻辑哲学》2013,34(3-4):195-213
This paper further develops the system of illocutionary logic presented in ‘Propositional logic of supposition and assertion’ (Notre Dame Journal of Formal Logic 1997, 38, 325-349) to accommodate an ‘I believe that’ operator and resolve Moore's Paradox. This resolution is accomplished by providing both a truth-conditional and a commitment-based semantics. An important feature of the logical system is that the correctness of some arguments depends on who it is that makes the argument. The paper then shows that the logical system can be expanded to resolve the surprise execution paradox puzzle. The prisoner's argument showing that he can't be executed by surprise is correct but his beliefs are incoherent. The judge's beliefs (and our beliefs) about this situation are not incoherent. 相似文献
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Philosophia - This essay develops an inferential account of model explanation, based on Mauricio Suárez’s inferential conception of scientific representation and Alisa Bokulich’s... 相似文献
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Ryan N. Parker 《Psychoanalytic Social Work》2019,26(1):84-103
This article was born out of the hypothesis that slavery—as historical reality, signifier, and symbol—has deep psychological implications for contemporary white Americans. Using data collected in an exploratory, qualitative study, my participants’ responses serve to illuminate the psychic structure of whiteness, which functions as a distortion that gets passed down intergenerationally (and horizontally) through a white collective unconscious. Housed in individual psyches, I suggest that this distorted structure of self actively resists and prevents white Americans (as a collective) from making contact with the racialized realities, both past and present, that would potentially lead to opportunities for choice, reparation, and transformation. 相似文献
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“面子”是丰富的中文词汇里一个古老的概念,熟悉得以至于让人熟视无睹。近些年来,香港、台湾地区、内地心理学者把面子、人情、关系等中国社会中极其普遍的现象,在抽象化层次上提炼成为社会心理学的重要研究范式。通过对面子心理的研究进行初步的回顾和梳理,展望其新的发展方向。 相似文献
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Three-valued (strong-Kleene) modal logic provides the foundation for a new approach to formalizing causal explanation as a relation between partial situations. The approach makes fine-grained distinctions between aspects of events, even between aspects that are equivalent in classical logic. The framework can accommodate a variety of ontologies concerning the relata of causal explanation. I argue, however, for a tripartite ontology of objects corresponding to sentential nominals: facts, tropes (or facta or states of affairs), and situations (or events). I axiomatize the relations and use canonical models to demonstrate completeness. 相似文献
13.
Faith Armitage 《Res Publica》2006,12(1):9-34
Jonathan Wolff and Timothy Hinton have criticized a version of liberal egalitarianism, often associated with Ronald Dworkin,
for promoting an account of social justice that fails to treat everyone with respect. This paper analyses Wolff’s and Hinton’s
critiques, particularly with regard to how notions of self-respect and respect-standing are deployed. The paper argues that
the analyses of both Wolff and Hinton display affinities with a dualist approach to social justice. A dualist approach theorizes
respect as an aspect of both distributive, socioeconomic injustice and cultural injustice, rather than of the former only,
which is typical of liberal egalitarianism. Nancy Fraser is widely associated with such a dualist framework, so her version
is used to assess Wolff’s and Hinton’s work. The paper argues that both make use of ideals and commitments from the dualist
approach to justice in their respect objection. However, despite their evident sympathy for the notion of cultural injustice,
both continue to theorize respect primarily as an aspect of distributive justice. Thus, for cultural justice theorists, Wolff’s
and Hinton’s critiques of Dworkinian justice may leave something to be desired.
Thanks to Anne Phillips, Kathy King, Tamara Jugov, Neal Razzell and reviewers for Res Publica for comments on an earlier draft of the paper. Thanks to Itai Rabinowitz for insightful conversations about the issues touched
on here. Thanks to the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada
for making this research possible. 相似文献
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Alexander Brown 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2011,14(2):185-196
The article sets forth Ronald Dworkin’s efforts to avert the slavery of the talented within his theory of equality, so that
they are not forced to work full-time at one type of job, but then criticises Dworkin for failing to apply similar concerns
to not so talented workers. It argues that he overlooks the problem of the slavery of the not so talented that results from
the tough rules he proposes for dealing with insurance payouts. Finally, it tries to show how this unfairness can be avoided
with a better interpretation of the likely outcome of his hypothetical insurance experiment given a better understanding of
the motivations of parties operating within that experiment. 相似文献
19.
Andreas Follesdal 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2008,27(5):335-354
What kind of equality among Europeans does equal citizenship require, especially regarding education? In particular, is there good reason to insist of equality of education among Europeans—and if so, equality of what? To what extent should the same knowledge base and citizenship norms be taught across state borders and religious and other normative divides? At least three philosophical issues merit attention: (a) The requirements of multiple democratic citizenships beyond the nation state; (b) how to respect diversity while securing such equality and inculcating commitments to justice and norms of citizenship, and (c) The multiple reasons for equality of various kinds among political equals living in a Union as compared to a unitary state. The article responds on the basis of several arguments in favour of certain kinds of equality. All Union citizens must enjoy a high minimum level of education, and all pupils must be informed concerning the various ways of life prevalent in Europe. Furthermore, there must be standards for securing equality of opportunity across the EU, though it is difficult to measure under multiculturalism. Citizens must also be socialised to certain ‘citizenship norms’. This shared basis to be taught in schools should avoid contested religious or philosophical premises as far as possible. Yet the school system should socialise pupils to three commitments: to the just domestic and European institutions and hence the legislation they engender, to principles that justify these institutions; and to a political theory that grounds these principles in a conception of the proper role of individuals, of member states and of the Union. I also argue that equality of result is not a plausible normative requirement among Europeans, while equality of opportunity is. The paper concludes with some comments on the lessons to be drawn for ‘Global’ citizenship. 相似文献
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Trystan S. Goetze 《希帕蒂亚:女权主义哲学杂志》2018,33(1):73-90
According to Miranda Fricker, a hermeneutical injustice occurs when there is a deficit in our shared tools of social interpretation (the collective hermeneutical resource), such that marginalized social groups are at a disadvantage in making sense of their distinctive and important experiences. Critics have claimed that Fricker's account ignores or precludes a phenomenon I call hermeneutical dissent, where marginalized groups have produced their own interpretive tools for making sense of those experiences. I clarify the nature of hermeneutical injustice to make room for hermeneutical dissent, clearing up the structure of the collective hermeneutical resource and the fundamental harm of hermeneutical injustice. I then provide a more nuanced account of the hermeneutical resources in play in instances of hermeneutical injustice, enabling six species of the injustice to be distinguished. Finally, I reflect on the corrective virtue of hermeneutical justice in light of hermeneutical dissent. 相似文献