Egotism in prestige ratings of sydney suburbs: Where i live is better than you think

Findings from the social psychological literature on egotism and in-group favouritism led to the hypothesis that residents of Sydney suburbs would overvalue the prestige of their own suburb as compared with ratings by non-residents, particularly in low-prestige suburbs. As part of an updating of the Congalton (1969) list of Sydney suburbs and their median social standing, 410 respondents selected from 26 Federal electoral districts each rated 160 of 480 suburbs on 1-to-7 Likert scales. In 12 of 30 local government areas (LGAs), residents rated suburbs in their “home” LGA significantly higher than non-residents did; this was also true when ratings were summed over all 30 LGAs. More importantly, 10 of these 12 LGAs were in the lower half of the rank order of mean LGA prestige. Discussion focusses on the conflict between the need to maintain self-esteem and group esteem in low-prestige suburbs and the images of these suburbs conveyed by the mass media.     

Where Meaning is

Abstract

In an attempt to find some new ways of tackling old problems about meaning, I explore some possible models in which meaning may be conceptually situated. I take a close look at a traditional realist conception of meaning and give some reasons as to why we may have more room to move within this than is immediately apparent. Alternative frameworks are explored along the way.

The approach of thus situating meaning is an ontological one, but it is also an epistemological, as well as a hermeneutical one; in that the models put forward illuminate central issues and offer potential solutions to outstanding puzzles ranging across (at least) all of these broad realms of enquiry. Such solutions give a set of initial conceptualizations of the potential role meaning can play across broader frameworks of enquiry. As such they offer fresh inroads into otherwise deadlocked debates over the nature and place of meaning across philosophical enquiry in general.     

Where we live: some dilemmas and technical issues for the child psychotherapist in interpretative work with looked-after and adopted children

This paper addresses, from a Kleinian perspective, some of the dilemmas and technical issues faced by the child psychotherapist in work with looked-after and adopted children. A selective review of psychoanalytic literature focusing on the use of transference and countertransference is given. Clinical material provides some examples of different kinds of interpretation, and of the importance of timing and emotional resonance in the interpretations.     

On learning how to live in this strange place

In “How do I live in this strange place?”, Samantha Vice contends that white South Africans ought to feel shame for their unjustly acquired privilege and their morally compromised selves, and recommends that they engage with humility and political silence in projects of personal transformation though private, critical self-examination. On one view, philosophy is in part concerned with practical inquiry into how one might lead a good life, and for many, at least, this necessitates some form of moral learning. Ideally, the philosophers concerned with this question could give practical, action-guiding advice on how one might undertake this moral learning, advice well-supported by evidence and with reasonably good prospects for success. I argue that philosophically “therapeutic” projects of the kind advocated by Vice necessarily involve forms of moral learning, and that a range of empirical research in cognitive, moral, and educational psychology thus bear on their methods and prospects. These considerations undermine the outlook of therapeutic projects that rely principally on solitary methods of critical reflection and introspection. I challenge philosophers to develop more practical, actionable, evidence-based counsel on how to engage in moral learning of the type that Vice and her critics recommend, and I articulate several candidate proposals inspired by research from the educational, learning sciences and debiasing literatures.     

Where and how morphologically complex words interplay with naming pictures

Two picture-word experiments are reported in which a delay of 7 to 10 was introduced between distractor and picture. Distractor words were either derived words (Experiment 1) or compounds (Experiment 2), morphologically related to the picture name. In both experiments, the position of morphological overlap between distractor (e.g., rosebud vs tea-rose) and picture name (rose) was manipulated. Clear facilitation of picture naming latencies was obtained when pictures were paired with morphological distractors, and effects were independent of distractor type and position of overlap. The results are evaluated against "full listing" and "decomposition" approaches of morphological representation.     

Where is Culture in the Acculturation Model?

The lead article provides a useful overview of the broad literature concerned with immigration and acculturation. Much of the paper concerns the terminology that might be used to study these phenomena. Thus, it is appropriate to ask if the proposed terminology is optimal. In addition, the paper presents a broad model of the factors that lead to adaptation. It is appropriate, then, to ask if the model is sufficiently complete.     

玄奘顶骨今何在

国内外许多地方供奉着玄奘大师的顶骨舍利,它们是怎样得到玄奘顶骨呢?《建康志》载有关于玄奘顶骨“异地而葬“的事,但没有确切依据.对这一问题进行了认真考证和辨析,认为玄奘灵骨仍在长安兴教寺.     

On how passive is inhibitory avoidance

Rats were trained in a step-down inhibitory avoidance task using a 25 X 25-cm platform and either a 0.3- or a 0.8-mA training footshock. Immediately after training retrieval was good in all animals; but at 24 h there was a decline in the group trained with 0.3-mA footshock. This decline was not observed in animals submitted to an immediate retrieval test and then tested again at 24 h. Thus, the immediate retrieval test apparently served the purpose of a rehearsal. A considerable degree of activity (rearing, ambulation, sticking the head out of the platform) was observed in test sessions. Activity scores were lower in the animals trained with the 0.8-mA footshock. The amount of activity, however, was unrelated to retrieval performance (i.e., to test session step-down latency).     

医疗事故鉴定制度向何处去

《侵权责任法》实施后,在医疗损害民事纠纷领域,医疗事故鉴定制度失去了实体法基础,应当废除;在追究医疗行为行政及刑事责任领域,医疗事故鉴定有继续存在的必要,且应当对现行医疗事故鉴定制度进行重大改革,建议成立“医疗鉴定”专门机构,将“医疗鉴定”作为一个独立的司法鉴定类别,将医疗事故鉴定作为医疗鉴定的一个子项目;医疗事故鉴定专家应当由临床医学专家、法医与法律专家共同组成;鉴定结论由鉴定专家以个人名义做出,从而为追究违法医疗行为的行政责任和刑事责任提供科学依据.     

Where and how does grammatically geared processing take place-and why is Broca's area often involved. A coordinated fMRI/ERBP study of language processing

We address the possibility of combining the results from hemodynamic and electrophysiological methods for the study of cognitive processing of language. The hemodynamic method we use is Event-Related fMRI, and the electrophysiological method measures Event-Related Band Power (ERBP) of the EEG signal. The experimental technique allows us to approach the relation between cortical structure and cognitive function in a sophisticated way. In particular, we can formulate original working hypotheses about the language-induced changes in the ongoing brain dynamics. We show, on the basis of electrophysiological data collected in an experiment on language production, that synchronized cortical networks code cognitive processes induced by language in form of power modulations of specific frequency bands. The hemodynamic (fMRI) data collected in the same task point to the existence of a central processor for the phrase structure assignment. We conceptualize such a central processor as a frequency scanner, a cortical device designed to pick up synchronized brain activity over a specific range of frequencies. We discuss the experimental designs which result from this set of hypotheses and show their relevance for the models of language processing.     

Teams make it work: how team work engagement mediates between social resources and performance in teams

In this study we analyze the mediating role of team work engagement between team social resources (i.e., supportive team climate, coordination, teamwork), and team performance (i.e., in-role and extra-role performance) as predicted by the Job Demands-Resources Model. Aggregated data of 533 employees nested within 62 teams and 13 organizations were used, whereas team performance was assessed by supervisor ratings. Structural equation modeling revealed that, as expected, team work engagement plays a mediating role between social resources perceived at the team level and team performance as assessed by the supervisor.