Télétravail en temps de crise,engagement organisationnel affectif et satisfaction de vie professionnelle : le rôle de l’ajustement au télétravail et de la satisfaction vis-à-vis de l’équilibre entre domaines de vie

IntroductionThe COVID-19 health crisis considerably accelerated the use of telework.ObjectiveThe present study focuses on the impact of telework frequency on workers’ work-life satisfaction and affective organizational commitment. This study also evaluates the mediating role of satisfaction with work-family balance in these two relationships. Finally, it investigates the moderator role of telework adjustment (i.e., adaptation to changes resulting from the transition to a virtual environment) in the relationship between telework frequency and work-family balance satisfaction, as well as the drivers of this adjustment.MethodIn all, 377 teleworkers replied to an online questionnaire measuring the above-mentioned variables.ResultsThe increase in telework frequency is directly associated with a decrease in workers’ work-life satisfaction and affective organizational commitment, due to the degradation of their work-family balance satisfaction. Yet, once workers have made significant adjustments to telework, direct and indirect negative impacts of telework frequency are reduced. Finally, telework adjustment is largely predicted by whether telework resulted from choice or obligation, by the telework environment at home, and by the organizational support provided to workers.ConclusionTheoretical and practical implications of these results will be discussed, with potential avenues to best support the deployment of remote work.     

L’enrichissement entre vie professionnelle et vie personnelle : revue et programme de recherché

Work-life enrichment, defined as the transfer of resources and affects from one role to another, has long remained in the shadow of the concept of work-life conflict. Several processes for work-life enrichment, for instance instrumental and affective, have been identified. Commitment to the family role predicts work-to-family enrichment (WFE), while commitment to the work role predicts family-to-work enrichment (FWE). Gender, personality and social support are other antecedents of work-life enrichment. WFE is positively associated with job satisfaction and FEW with family satisfaction. An agenda for future research suggests conducting qualitative, longitudinal and contextualized research.     

Risques psychosociaux et capacité de travail des travailleurs âgés : validation du VOW/QFT

Work abilities are defined as a balance between worker own characteristics and the job requirements. The VOW/QFT has been developed in Belgium in order to understand older workers work ability by taking account of the risk factors related to the job strains, and in particular the psychosocial risk factors. The validation analysis of the VOW/QFT was carried out following the proposals of Churchill paradigm (Churchill, 1979; Roussel, 2005): exploratory analysis, confirmatory analysis and correlation analysis. The factorial structure of the questionnaire appeared stable; dimensions internal consistency is high. The regression analysis showed that work ability is explained to nearly 30% by the psychosocial risk factors, and mainly by the pleasure felt at work.     

« Porosité » entre travail et vie privée,conflits et aménagements : une étude comparative de deux populations de femmes

At present, little research has been done regarding the links between work and private life from the standpoint of subjective perceptions. The authors present a qualitative research focused on this issue involving women working in the fields of health and management. The content analysis revealed a double dynamic implying autonomy as well as “permeability” between the two worlds. Three subjective dimensions define this paradoxical movement: “dynamics in social relations”, the “subjective function of the body”, and the “perception of a certain mastery”. Outcomes show how psychological conflict can play an essential role in the personalization process. This was described by participants in terms of satisfaction, yet only under certain conditions.     

Effet du télétravail sur la santé psychologique et la performance des travailleurs durant la pandémie de la Covid-19

The aim of this study was to examine how the widespread use of telework during the COVID-19 pandemic may have created a specific work context influencing employees’ psychological health and performance. Results of analyses conducted on a sample of 3771 Canadian teleworkers revealed that telework created additional demands such as task interdependence and professional isolation. These demands had negative effects on telework performance by increasing the frequency of perceived stress. However, the presence of resources such as organizational support appeared to play a buffering role in moderating the direct effect of professional isolation on telecommuting performance.     

Amélioration de la qualité de vie au travail dans les unités de soins : la démarche ORSOSA

Improve the quality of working conditions is a major issue for healthcare workers who have to deal with productivity obligations and multiple procedures. Based on the magnet hospital concept, the ORSOSA study (prospective cohort study of 4000 helthcare workers) helped develop and validate a methodolody that allows to quickly diagnose the levels of psychological and organizational constraints (CPO) from the staff’s point of view / of the staff. The ORSOSA method relies on an organisational psychologist who launches a dynamic during the diagnostic feedback phase. He gets the team to appropriate the strengths and weaknesses and to rank their recommendations. This article presents an overview of the method and it the first stages of its evaluations.     

Similitudes et différences de perceptions chez des salariés hommes et femmes

This study investigates men and women perceptions in the work, accros the relations between work conditions and job satisfaction. Similarity and difference are questionned about the mean dimensions of the work conditions (factor analysis) as well as the prédictive value of theses dimensions for the job satisfaction (regression analysis). In the same point of view, similarity and difference are analysed about health, importance of life domains and work-family interferences. Men and women seem to organize in the same way work conditions. Three factors are retained (Relations with superiors, Development and autonomy, Work intensity), wich the first two predict job satisfaction, for the men and the women. Nevertheless we note some differences, both about the force of the prediction and about specific item. Results and and futur works are discussed.     

Perspectives temporelles et satisfaction de vie chez les personnes âgées : test de l’effet médiateur du sentiment d’auto-efficacité

IntroductionOne of the major life goals is to pursue and to boost happiness (e.g., life satisfaction). Thus, exploring how people proceed to maintain an optimal level of happiness throughout their life course, and exploring which are the specific personal and social processes that contribute to this feeling of well-being within various stages of life, remain central topics for contemporary psychological science.ObjectiveThe objective of this cross-sectional research was to study the relationships between time perspective as defined by Zimbardo and Boyd (1999) and life satisfaction among a sample of aged people (n = 188). We hypothesized that these relationships were mediated by the generalized self-efficacy.MethodTo do this, a path model using a Bootstrap procedure was tested. Age, sex, self-perceived health and depressive mood were entered into the model as control variables.ResultsOur findings showed that: only present hedonistic has a positive indirect effect on life satisfaction through self-efficacy; the past negative seems to have a negative effect both directly and indirectly on life satisfaction; the present fatalistic exerts exclusively a direct negative effect on life satisfaction; and neither the past positive nor the future exert any effect on life satisfaction.ConclusionThe results emphasize the adaptive as well as maladaptive roles of different dimensions of time perspective in older people. These roles were discussed in light of some theoretical models, such as functions of reminiscence model and the socioemotional selectivity model.     

La qualité de vie au travail dans les services de ressources humaines

This research looks at work well-being for human resources staffs, which are brought to manage relations between individuals and organization, between organization and society, between individuals and society. 263 human resources staffs performed a questionnaire estimating work facets such professionals satisfaction and commitment, work conditions and health. Results shown firstly a work quality of life for staffs, what does not prevent them from reporting hardness (temporal constraints, working overload), secondly the absence of systematic effects of status, age and gender on work attitudes and health. Results and futur works are discussed.     

Facteurs de stress et burnout chez les enseignants de l’école primaire

This study examines the relations between the three dimensions of the burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and decrease of personal accomplishment) and their associations with stress factors as perceived by the teacher. Using a sample of 787 elementary school teachers, we put to the test a theoretical model with path analysis. We achieve with a structural model that brings to light that personal accomplishment is determined directly by personal exhaustion and indirectly through depersonalization. The latter is influenced by negative relations with parents. Except this effect, the model also shows that the others sources of stress influence directly the emotional exhaustion. This study also confirms the three-dimensional structure of the French version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI).     

L’anxiété maternelle de séparation et l’aménagement du temps de travail

In order to examine the reasons of the choice and the effectiveness of the strategies of conciliation related to the adaptation of working time, we present two empirical studies which investigate the relationships between the level of maternal separation anxiety and the choice of the duration of the schedules of work. The first study was conducted among two groups of working mothers, one of 41 mothers working at full-time, the other of 33 mothers having chosen to work part-time. The second study relates to 45 employees of mass marketing having the possibility of choosing nonstandard work schedules (early the morning, late the evening) or in day. The results confirm that, on a psychological level, the question of worked time is crucial for the active mothers. They illustrate how the new constraints related to the changes of the world of work (flexibility and precariousness) can be sometimes undergone by the women, sometimes appropriated by them in order to reconcile work and their family role.     

L’intensification du travail,et l’intensification des changements dans le travail : quels enjeux pour les travailleurs expérimentés ?

In this article we address, on the basis of various knowledge in ergonomics, work psychology and work demography, the stakes of a confrontation between two trends in progress: on one side the structural ageing of workforce, on the other side work intensification, and intensification of changes at work. This analyze includes statements on these evolutions by themselves, and a synthesis of knowledge on the difficulties created by the intensification of work, or changes at work, for elderly workers, but also on work strategies that those can elaborate, using their experience, in order to cope with these constraints.     

La cross-évaluation : une approche d’évaluation et de développement des processus de travail inter-équipes

Organizational agility has become an increasing focus for companies and has led to the emergence of new developmental methods. This article presents the cross-evaluation as an approach to evaluating and developing inter-team interface efficacity. Though 360 degrees feedback collective processes are being evaluated, and during reflexive workshops they decide what improvements to make in their team functioning. Based on a literature review and more specifically on the theories of social identity and groupthink this article describes the scientific bases of the cross-evaluation method and the biases that can be involved and how to reduce them. It suggests new avenues of research and practical suggestions for practitioners about an inter-team development method.     

Développement initial et processus de validation de l’échelle d’auto-efficacité émotionnelle au travail

The study aims to develop and present the validation process of a questionnaire on emotional self-efficacy in the work context from the six steps proposed by Dussault et al. (2007). The study is based on the theories of emotional intelligence of Mayer and Salovey (1997), Petrides and Furham (2001) and the self-efficacy of Bandura (1997). Following an expert analysis and a pre-test, the Emotional Self-Efficacy at Work scale is composed of 41 items. The participants are 985 Canadian workers. The results of confirmatory factor analyzes support the seven-dimensional structure, namely the self-efficiency to perceive one's emotions and those of others at work, the self-efficiency to use emotions at work, the self-efficiency to understand one's emotions and those of others at work and finally, the self-efficiency to manage one's emotions and those of others at work. The results also indicate that the seven dimensions have satisfactory internal coherence indices. The results suggest that this questionnaire is well suited to describe emotional self-efficacy at work. The use of the questionnaire will be discussed.     

Événements vécus et sens de la vie : vers une différenciation des composantes de sens

Meaning in life (MIL) is a multidimensional concept defined as the way individuals understand themselves and understand their relationships with their external environment. Life events play a critical role in the meaning-making process. The purpose of our study was to examine the links between the MIL's components and the life events through three experiential indicators: normative value, subjective value, and locus of control. A questionnaire assessing a large panel of life events and each component of MIL (direction, sensation, signification) was completed by 117 adults. Analysis of intra-individual and inter-individual differences showed strong links between the experiential indicators although they were not completely redundant. Positive life events perceived as a choice with positive effect and negative life events not perceived as a choice with negative effect were significantly correlated with signification. The relevance of looking at life event through a multivariate and phenomenological approach and at the distinctive role of each component of MIL was discussed in terms of research and practice.     

Perceptions de la qualité de vie et de la bientraitance par des personnes âgées résidant en institution gériatrique et par leurs proches

Introduction

The present study focuses on patient-centered care and quality of life in dependent aging people living in nursing home.