共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ethics and Nanopharmacy: Value Sensitive Design of New Drugs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Although applications are being developed and have reached the market, nanopharmacy to date is generally still conceived as
an emerging technology. Its concept is ill-defined. Nanopharmacy can also be construed as a converging technology, which combines
features of multiple technologies, ranging from nanotechnology to medicine and ICT. It is still debated whether its features
give rise to new ethical issues or that issues associated with nanopharma are merely an extension of existing issues in the
underlying fields. We argue here that, regardless of the alleged newness of the ethical issues involved, developments occasioned
by technological advances affect the roles played by stakeholders in the field of nanopharmacy to such an extent that this
calls for a different approach to responsible innovation in this field. Specific features associated with nanopharmacy itself
and features introduced to the associated converging technologies- bring about a shift in the roles of stakeholders that call
for a different approach to responsibility. We suggest that Value Sensitive Design is a suitable framework to involve stakeholders
in addressing moral issues responsibly at an early stage of development of new nanopharmaceuticals. 相似文献
2.
A Person-Centered Approach to Subjective Well-Being 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Michael A. Busseri Stanley Sadava Danielle Molnar Nancy DeCourville 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(2):161-181
Rooted in Diener’s (Psychol Bull 95:542–575, 1984) three-component model of subjective well-being (SWB), the present work
employed a person-centered approach to studying SWB based on Shmotkin’s (Rev Gen Psychol 9:291–325, 2005) dynamic systems
framework. Within-individual configurations of life satisfaction (LS), positive affect (PA), and negative affect (NA) were
explored using cluster analysis. Five distinct SWB configurations replicated within and across two samples (N = 756 first-year undergraduates; N = 550 community adults). A substantial number of participants reported a profile indicative of “high SWB” (high LS, frequent
PA, infrequent NA). Consistent with expectations, these individuals were characterized by elevated mental, physical, and interpersonal
functioning. In contrast, people with a “low SWB” profile reported the greatest dysfunction. Across the five clusters, however,
adaptive functioning was not unique to individuals reporting a high SWB profile, nor was dysfunction unique to people characterized
by a low SWB configuration. Results are discussed in terms of compensation and strain processes hypothesized by Shmotkin (2005).
Implications for future research on SWB are considered.
相似文献
Michael A. BusseriEmail: |
3.
Maathuis Ivo Niezen Maartje Buitenweg David Bongers Ilja L. van Nieuwenhuizen Chijs 《Science and engineering ethics》2020,26(2):871-898
Science and Engineering Ethics - Quality of life (QoL) is an important outcome measure in mental health care. Currently, QoL is mainly measured with paper and pencil questionnaires. To contribute... 相似文献
4.
Burr Christopher Taddeo Mariarosaria Floridi Luciano 《Science and engineering ethics》2020,26(4):2313-2343
Science and Engineering Ethics - This article presents the first thematic review of the literature on the ethical issues concerning digital well-being. The term ‘digital well-being’ is... 相似文献
5.
Felicia A. Huppert 《Perspectives on Psychological Science》2009,4(1):108-111
ABSTRACT— Psychological science has usually approached the treatment of disorder through research on individual combinations of risk and protective factors (including life experiences, thinking styles, behaviors, social relationships and genes) and the application of interventions that focus on improvements in the individual. However, we can do better than this. Not only should we be aiming to enhance well-being rather than merely reducing disorder, but we should also be doing so for the majority of people rather than the few who have a disorder. In this article, I focus on the mental health spectrum and make the case for a broad population-based approach. I argue that a very small shift in the population mean of the underlying symptoms or risk factors can do more to enhance well-being and reduce disorder than would any amount of intervention with individuals who need help. Examples from research on alcohol abuse and psychological distress are presented to illustrate the value of a population-based approach. 相似文献
6.
Science and Engineering Ethics - Safe-by-design (SBD) frameworks for the development of emerging technologies have become an ever more popular means by which scholars argue that transformative... 相似文献
7.
Markku Jokisaari 《Journal of Adult Development》2004,11(4):281-288
The aim of the study was to examine age and gender differences in the contents of regrets, and the association between regrets and subjective well-being. The sample consisted of 176 participants ranging in age from 19 to 82 years. The results showed that young adults (19–29 years) named regrets related to relationships and leisure more often than middle-aged (30–54 years) and older adults (55–82 years), whereas regrets related to work and family were more salient among middle-aged and older adults. Furthermore, gender comparison revealed that regrets concerning relationships and family were more frequent among women than among men. Related to subjective well-being, results showed that regrets concerning education and work were negatively associated with life satisfaction, and depressive symptoms associated with self-related regrets. 相似文献
8.
Argumentation - In this paper, we formulate a procedure for assessing reasoning as it is expressed in natural arguments. The procedure is a specification of one of the three aspects of... 相似文献
9.
Engineering ethics education is a complex field characterized by dynamic topics and diverse students, which results in significant challenges for engineering ethics educators. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a systematic approach to determine what to teach and how to teach in an ethics curriculum. This is a topic that has not been adequately addressed in the engineering ethics literature. This systematic approach provides a method to: (1) develop a context-specific engineering ethics curriculum using the Delphi technique, a process-driven research method; and (2) identify appropriate delivery strategies and instructional strategies using an instructional design model. This approach considers the context-specific needs of different engineering disciplines in ethics education and leverages the collaboration of engineering professors, practicing engineers, engineering graduate students, ethics scholars, and instructional design experts. The proposed approach is most suitable for a department, a discipline/field or a professional society. The approach helps to enhance learning outcomes and to facilitate ethics education curriculum development as part of the regular engineering curriculum. 相似文献
10.
《Journal of Global Ethics》2013,9(2):143-164
This paper suggests that lessons from the field of environmental ethics and sociological perspectives on knowledge are important tools for rethinking what type of ethical analysis is needed for building up further the field of development ethics and, more generally, for addressing some of the most fundamental ethical problems related to global poverty and development. The paper argues for a methodologically pragmatist approach to development ethics that focuses on the interplay between facts, values, concepts and practices. It views development ethics as a hybrid between a public moral–political philosophy and a public conception of social science. Ethical analyses of poverty and development must lead to fundamental changes in the ways knowledge is produced and justified and must challenge the dominance of global institutions and orthodox economics as the single sources of expert knowledge for development. Two of the main tasks of ethical analysis is to provide tools for the formulation of alternative knowledge for development centred on the equal moral worth of all human beings, and to influence global policy making as well as multilateral institutions' goals and policies. The last section of the paper argues that Amartya Sen's version of the Capability Approach is already methodologically pragmatist and points to some convergence between Sen's work and John Dewey's. Further sociological and methodologically pragmatist analysis of the approach is needed to assess the ways in which it is influencing debates on human development and leading to policy changes, and the possible distortions it suffers when adopted by multilateral agencies and policy makers. 相似文献
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12.
Alan H. McGowan 《Science and engineering ethics》2013,19(2):535-543
The teaching of the ethical implications of scientific advances in science courses for undergraduates has significant advantages for both science and non-science majors. The article describes three courses taught by the author as examples of the concept, and examines the disadvantages as well as the advantages. A significant advantage of this approach is that many students take the courses primarily because of the ethical component who would not otherwise take science. A disadvantage is less time in the course for the science; arguably, this is outweighed by the greater retention of the science when it is put into context. 相似文献
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14.
情感主义德性伦理学:一种当代的进路 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
迈克尔?斯洛特【著】王楷【译】 《道德与文明》2011,(2)
在当代德性伦理学的哲学思潮中,较之于学者们普遍重视的亚里士多德的理性主义传统,相对受到忽视的休谟的情感主义传统反倒更有可能为我们提供一种德性伦理学在当代复兴的思想源泉,在与儒家德性论会通的语境之下尤其如此.当代道德发展心理学的研究印证了休谟的移情观念,而这一移情观念又可以用来对道义论进行一种情感主义的辩护,即一种建基于移情观念的当代情感主义德性伦理学. 相似文献
15.
Anne Mäkikangas Wilmar Schaufeli Esko Leskinen Ulla Kinnunen Katriina Hyvönen Taru Feldt 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2016,17(6):2325-2345
The long-term development of employee well-being is still poorly understood. Consequently, in this three-wave 10-year longitudinal study among Finnish managers (n = 402) the development of employee well-being was examined in in detail. Specifically, the long-term development of job-related affective well-being was investigated at the intra-individual level, simultaneously taking into account positive and negative indicators of well-being, the level of well-being, and the direction of change. Further, the issue how (changes in) job resources and employee well-being were related across time was examined. By applying a novel person-centered methodology, factor mixture modeling and latent transition analysis, the results revealed that the development of favorable job-related affective well-being was eight times more probable than that of unfavorable development across the 10-year study period. Job resources predicted a high level of job-related well-being and, also, job resources increased along with favorable changes in well-being. Overall, the findings contribute to knowledge in the area of positive occupational health psychology by offering a detailed picture of the level of job-related affective well-being and its development over time. 相似文献
16.
R. ELLIOTT INGERSOLL 《Counseling and values》1998,42(3):156-165
There is an increased interest in the topic of spirituality in the fields of counselor education and professional counseling. Present research involves the constructs of spirituality, religiosity, spiritual well-being, and spiritual wellness. This article reports a study in which previously published dimensions of spiritual wellness were reviewed and refined by a cross-cultural panel of 12 people representing 11 different spiritual traditions. The initial 7 dimensions of spiritual wellness were revised and expanded to 10 dimensions that met with agreement across the traditions represented by the panel and provide a starting point for further inquiry. 相似文献
17.
Know Thyself and Become What You Are: A Eudaimonic Approach to Psychological Well-Being 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In an effort to strengthen conceptual foundations of eudaimonic well-being, key messages from Aristotle’s Nichomacean Ethics are revisited. Also examined are ideas about positive human functioning from existential and utilitarian philosophy as well
as clinical, developmental, and humanistic psychology. How these perspectives were integrated to create a multidimensional
model of psychological well-being [Ryff, C.D.: 1989a, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 57(6), pp. 1069–1081] is
described, and empirical evidence supporting the factorial validity of the model is briefly noted. Life course and socioeconomic
correlates of well-being are examined to underscore the point that opportunities for eudaimonic well-being are not equally
distributed. Biological correlates (cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, immune) of psychological well-being are also briefly noted
as they suggest possible health benefits associated with living a life rich in purpose and meaning, continued growth, and
quality ties to others. We conclude with future challenges in carrying the eudaimonic vision forward. 相似文献
18.
Michael D. Mumford Shane Connelly Ryan P. Brown Stephen T. Murphy Jason H. Hill Alison L. Antes 《Ethics & behavior》2013,23(4):315-339
In recent years, we have seen a new concern with ethics training for research and development professionals. Although ethics training has become more common, the effectiveness of the training being provided is open to question. In the present effort, a new ethics training course was developed that stresses the importance of the strategies people apply to make sense of ethical problems. The effectiveness of this training was assessed in a sample of 59 doctoral students working in the biological and social sciences using a pre–post design with follow-up and a series of ethical decision-making measures serving as the outcome variable. Results showed not only that this training led to sizable gains in ethical decision making but also that these gains were maintained over time. The implications of these findings for ethics training in the sciences are discussed. 相似文献
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Although education in the responsible conduct of research is considered necessary, evidence bearing on the effectiveness of these programs in improving research ethics has indicated that, although some programs are successful, many fail. Accordingly, there is a need for systematic evaluation of ethics education programs. In the present effort, we examine procedures for evaluation of ethics education programs from a multilevel perspective: examining both within-program evaluation and cross-program evaluation. With regard to within-program evaluation, we note requisite designs and measures for conducting systematic program evaluation have been developed and multiple measures should be applied in program evaluation. With regard to cross-program evaluation, we argue that a meta-analytic framework should be employed where analyses are used to identify best practices in ethics education. The implications of this multilevel approach for improving responsible conduct of research educational programs are discussed. 相似文献