父母消极教养方式对中国性少数心理健康的影响：基于Bifactor模型

中国性少数群体普遍存在严重的心理健康问题,家庭是其最大的压力来源。在性少数压力模型的背景下,本研究基于Bifactor模型探究父母消极教养方式对中国性少数（LGB）心理健康的特殊影响。采用父母教养方式问卷、抑郁-焦虑-压力量表和金赛量表对649名LGB进行网络问卷调查,结果发现：（1）父母消极教养方式的Bifactor模型存在部分差异;（2）对于LGB心理健康,父母消极教养方式的一般因子和拒绝特殊因子具有损害作用,过度保护特殊因子具有保护作用。     

初中生心理健康与气质、父母教养方式的关系

本研究从心理健康出发,采用《中学生心理健康量表》、《艾森克人格问卷》(儿童版)、《父母教养方式评定量表》对329名初中学生进行测量,探求初中生心理健康与气质、父母教养方式的关系。研究结果发现,初中生的心理健康与气质、家庭教养方式三者间存在交互作用,气质和家庭教养方式对心理健康有影响,气质是某些父母教养方式因子与心理健康的中介因素;并且气质特点与某些父母教养方式对初中生心理健康有较强的预测效应。     

中学生一般生活满意度与家庭因素的关系研究

通过对兰州市190名中学生进行父母教养方式、生活满意度以及相关家庭因素的问卷调查发现：（1）家庭所在地,家庭经济水平,父母职业、文化程度对中学生一般生活满意度无显著影响;亲子关系满意度、对父母婚姻幸福程度的评价对中学生一般生活满意度的影响显著;（2）情感温暖型教养方式与中学生一般生活满意度显著正相关,惩罚严厉、拒绝否认型教养方式与中学生一般生活满意度显著负相关。（3）亲子关系满意度、父亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚严厉型教养方式是预测中学生一般生活满意度的有力因子。     

中国近现代社会创造性人物早期的家庭环境与父母教养方式

从家庭环境量表(FES-CV)与父母养育方式评价量表(EMBU)的基本维度,对30位中国近现代社会创造性人物的早期家庭环境与父母教养方式的特点进行考察。结果表明,(1)这些家庭在控制性、组织性、亲密度、独立性、道德宗教观等维度上的平均得分较高,而在矛盾性上的平均得分较低;其家庭环境特点主要表现在家庭的价值观和人际关系、家庭秩序性与家庭活跃性三个方面。(2)上述家庭总体上表现出"严父慈母"的传统教养方式;其父母教养方式主要表现在严厉性与慈爱性两个方面。(3)聚类分析显示,家庭环境可分为低控传统型家庭与高控传统型家庭两类,父母教养方式可分为严厉型教养方式与温暖型教养方式两类。     

家庭教养方式对儿童社会化发展影响的研究综述

家庭教养方式是指父母对子女抚养教育过程中所表现出来的相对稳定的行为方式,是父母各种教养行为的特征概括.家庭教养方式是儿童社会化的重要因素,受到国内外心理学家的重视,也是亲子关系领域中研究最早、最富有成果的一个方面.该文综述了中外心理学家在儿童社会化研究中对家庭教养方式研究的重要成果,文章从家庭教养方式对儿童社会化影响的历史发展视角,对20世纪国内外学者探讨该领域的发展变化时所采用的研究方法进行分析,揭示了家庭教养方式对儿童社会化影响的理论发展的阶段性和连续性的特点,表明研究思路逐渐出现生态化的趋势,揭示了研究方法的不断进步,表现出综合化、现代化和实用化的最新特点.     

家庭因素与青少年犯罪的关系研究述评

随着犯罪理论（如社会控制理论、依恋理论、社会学习理论和问题行为理论）的不断发展,家庭因素与青少年犯罪关系的研究重点已由最初的家庭结构变量（如家庭完整性、家庭经济状况）逐渐扩展并聚焦在家庭功能变量（如家庭气氛、亲子依恋和亲子沟通等）和家庭成员行为变量（如教养方式、父母监控等）。近年来该研究领域开始深入探讨青少年认知过程在教养方式与青少年犯罪之间所起的中介作用,以及儿童青少年的人格、社区环境、神经生物学等变量与家庭因素的交互作用。最后本文总结了该领域研究的最新趋势和以往研究的不足     

家庭社会经济地位与父母教养方式对儿童青少年公正世界信念的影响

以全国24013名10~15岁儿童青少年为对象,探讨家庭社会经济地位与父母教养方式对公正世界信念的影响。结果发现：（1）家庭社会经济地位能够正向预测一般公正世界信念与个人公正世界信念;（2）权威型教养方式能够正向预测一般公正世界信念与个人公正世界信念,独裁型与纵容型教养方式能够负向预测一般公正世界信念与个人公正世界信念;（3）家庭社会经济地位与父母教养方式的交互作用对公正世界信念的影响显著,其中,权威型教养方式对高家庭社会经济地位比对低家庭社会经济地位儿童青少年公正世界信念的促进作用更大,独裁型与纵容型教养方式对低家庭社会经济地位比对高家庭社会经济地位儿童青少年公正世界信念的削弱作用更大。     

5—7岁幼儿的同伴关系、社会行为与其母亲教养方式

家庭是儿童社会化的最早执行者和基本执行者,它对儿童社会性发展有着极为重要的影响。在影响儿童社会性发展的家庭诸因素中,父母教养方式是其中最主要的因素之一。这也是近三十年来父母教养方式一直受到儿童心理学重点研究的一个主要原因。有些研究发现,儿童的消极行为与母亲教养行为的消极倾向具有密切的内在关系。而在影响儿童同伴关系的诸因素中．一般认为儿童青少年的行为特征和社会认知是影响同伴关系的主要因素。     

大学生性别角色形成研究——双性化与未分化个案的对比

采用刘电芝编制的中国大学生性别角色量表(CSRI-50),甄别出双性化、未分化和单性化被试。在此基础上,对双性化和未分化个案进行深度访谈,以探究影响大学生性别角色形成的主要因素。结果表明父母教养方式、父母个性特点、父母期待、亲子关系、玩伴和自我期待是性别角色的六大影响因素。其中家庭因素最为重要,在家庭因素中父母处于核心地位。通过双性化和未分化个案的比较研究,表明教养者的温柔、鼓励,民主型教养方式,良好的家庭气氛,兄弟姐妹间友好关爱,积极的自我调节有利于双性化的发展;反之,则加剧未分化的形成。     

父母教养方式对大学生心理健康的影响

目的探讨父母教养方式对大学生心理健康的影响。方法采用EMBU和SCL-90对某高校部分大学生进行测量,对测量结果进行统计分析。结果父母情感温暖、理解与SCL-90各因子呈负相关;父亲拒绝否认和过渡保护及母亲过分干涉与SCL-90各因子呈正相关。父母对男大学生惩罚、严厉,过分于涉,拒绝否认,过度保护得分显著高于女生（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;结论父母对大学生的养育方式存在性别差异;父母教养方式对大学生心理健康状况有较好的预测作用;父母积极的教养方式能够提高大学生的心理健康水平,消极的教养方式容易使大学生产生心理问题。     

Patterns of Parental Rearing Styles and Child Behaviour Problems among Portuguese School-Aged Children

The majority of studies investigating the effects of parental behaviour on the child’s adjustment have a dimensional approach. We identified the existence of various patterns in parental rearing styles and analysed the relationship between different parenting patterns and behavioural problems in a group of school-aged children. A longitudinal, multi-informant study was conducted. The sample consisted of 519 school-aged children from the Portuguese general population. Parental rearing styles were measured using the EMBU-C, a questionnaire that evaluates children’s perception of parental rearing dimensions. The assessment of child behavioural problems included the evaluation of internalizing and externalizing problems, and data from multiple reporters (parents and teacher). One year later, after a school transition, the adjustment of a sub-sample of 220 children was evaluated again. Cluster analysis identified four types of parental rearing styles: low support, supportive-controller, rejecting-controller, and supportive. In both assessment periods, low support and rejecting-controller parenting patterns showed higher levels of behavioural problems than the supportive and supportive-controller parenting patterns. These patterns show significant differences between them regarding behavioural problems and have a higher predictive value regarding externalizing problems (versus internalizing problems).     

Unhealthy fear: Influence of general health on fear of crime

The current study proposed general health as a predictor of fear of crime with risk perception and general fear as mediating factors. Data were collected from a randomly selected household sample using face to face interviews (n = 300) and utilizing the following scales: general health, general fear, fear of crime, and perceived risk of victimization. Findings confirm hypothesis that persons with low general health will experience higher fear of crime, a relationship mediated by both general fear and perceived risk of victimization. A significant gender difference was observed with general fear significantly mediating relationship for females, and risk of perceived victimization mediating for males. Implications of findings are discussed in the context of previous and future research.     

7岁儿童语言表达的影响因素分析

通过对64名7岁北京市儿童的实验室观察来了解他们气质特点和语言表达发展状况,并对儿童家长进行教养方式和家庭社会经济地位的调查。研究发现家庭收入对儿童的语言表达发展有一定的影响;父母教养方式尤其是父亲的严格教养方式．与儿童的语言表达发展有密切联系;儿童的气质与其语言表达发展的关系在个别维度上显著;儿童气质与父母教养方式的相互作用对语言表达水平存在着影响。     

‘Only children’ and their coalition of parents: Considering grandparents and parents as joint caregivers in urban Xiamen,China

This article presents the important, but overlooked, role that is played by grandparents in contemporary China as joint caregivers with parents in raising only children. Grounded on empirical data, collected through ethnographic and survey methods in urban China, the article identifies the ‘intergenerational parenting coalition’ as a culturally appropriate unit of analysis for understanding child rearing within the multigenerational family in China. The social forces that have given rise to the contemporary multigenerational family in China are reviewed. Qualitative analyses of four such families are used to illustrate the unique family dynamics and patterns of influence particular to the intergenerational parenting coalition.     

家庭因素中父母情感温暖、文化性与责任心对大学生职业决策自我效能的中介与中介调节研究

目的：探讨大学生家庭因素中父母情感温暖教养方式、文化性家庭环境与责任心对职业决策自我效能的中介效应与中介调节效应。方法：采用责任心量表、职业决策自我效能量表、父母教养方式评价量表和家庭环境量表,对大学四个年级1207名学生进行测量,运用SPSS12.0、AMOS17.0对数据进行统计分析。结果：（1）父母情感温暖通过责任心对大学生职业决策自我效能具有稳定而持久的间接作用。（2）文化性作为父母情感温暖的调节变量,其与父母情感温暖的交互作用对责任心具有明显的预测作用,并通过责任心中介变量,对大学生职业决策自我效能产生稳定而持久的间接作用。     

The extended genotype: the heritability of personality accounts for the heritability of recalled family environments in twins reared apart

Abstract How are retrospective accounts of family rearing environments linked to adult personality? We addressed this question by measuring both domains in a sample of 180 reared‐apart twins. Twins completed extensive measures of rearing environments (the Minnesota‐Briggs History Record, the Block Environmental Questionnaire, the Family Environment Scale, and the Physical Facilities Questionnaire) and an omnibus measure of adult personality (the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire). Retrospective accounts of family environments were partially heritable and all the heritable variance in environmental measures could be accounted for by heritable variance in personality. In addition, differences between twins in their accounts of their rearing environments (nonshared environmental factors) were not significantly linked to differences between twins in their personalities. Hence, family environmental measures appear to be heritable because personality genes influence the way people shape and recall their rearing environments. In addition, differences in reared‐apart twins' retrospectively recalled rearing environments appear to have little impact on differences in their personalities in adulthood.     

Family Survivors of Homicide: I. Symptoms,Syndromes, and Reaction Patterns

As more and more mental health clinicians become involved in the criminal justice system, family therapists will see increasing numbers of crime victims in their caseloads, and some of these families will have lost loved ones to murder. Part I of this two-part article describes the common and atypical symptoms, syndromes, and reaction patterns shown by families who have experienced the murder of a loved one. Part II will present a practical model for treating family survivors of homicide that incorporates cognitive-behavioral, psychodynamic, family systems, and existential components. Throughout, the emphasis is on therapists being equipped with a sufficiently broad range of clinical tools to treat these survivors flexibly, effectively, competently, and compassionately.     

大学生气质类型、父母教养方式与孤独感的关系研究

采用量表法以349名大学生为被试研究了气质类型、父母教养方式和孤独感的关系.(1)差异检验表明:女性大学生的亲情孤独感、总体孤独感多于男生,且气质类型上更情绪化;城市大学生的社会性得分显著高于来自乡村大学生;在爱情孤独和总体孤独感上存在显著的专业差异,理工类大学生体验到更多的孤独感尤其是爱情孤独感.(2)相关分析表明:大学生孤独感的各个维度与其气质类型中的社会性以及父母教养方式中的大多因素显著相关.(3)回归分析进一步表明:母亲情感温暖对总体孤独感有显著预测作用;母亲情感温暖、父亲严惩、母亲干涉保护对亲情孤独感因子有显著预测作用;社会性、父亲严惩对爱情孤独感因子有显著预测作用;母亲情感温暖、母亲干涉保护、父亲干涉对社交孤独感因子有显著预测作用.     

On the assignment of punishment: the impact of general-societal threat and the moderating role of severity

This article reports experiments assessing how general threats to social order and severity of a crime can influence punitiveness. Results consistently showed that when participants feel that the social order is threatened, they behave more punitively toward a crime perpetrator, but only when severity associated with a crime was relatively moderate. Evidence is presented to suggest that people can correct-at least to a degree-for the "biasing" influence of these inductions. Finally, threats to social order appear to increase punitiveness by arousing a retributive desire to see individuals pay for what they have done, as opposed to a purely utilitarian desire to deter future wrongdoing. The authors suggest that individuals sometimes act as intuitive prosecutors when ascribing punishment to an individual transgressor based on their perception of general societal control efficacy.