An intergenerational analysis of expectations for women's career and family roles

This study examined the career and family role expectations and attitudes of women university students and both of their parents. Data collected from 292 families revealed that most daughters and their parents were traditional in their attitudes toward mothering, held somewhat egalitarian attitudes toward marital roles, and generally expected daughters to experience little frustration regarding future career and family roles. Differences and similarities among daughters, mothers, and fathers as well as between intact and dissolved families of various SES were examined. Implications of findings and suggestions for future research were discussed.This research was supported by grants from the University of Rhode Island Council on Research and from the College of Human Science and Services. Portions of this paper were presented at the National Council on Family Relations annual meeting, New Orleans, Lousiana, November, 1989 and at the Eastern Sociological Society annual meeting, Providence, Rhode Island, April, 1991. The authors thank Mary Ellen Reilly for her encouragement and assistance.     

Reviews

Book reviews in this article:
The Cosmic Blueprint: New Discoveries in Nature's Ability to Order the Universe. By P aul D avies.
But Is It Science' The Philosophical Question in the Creation/Evolution Controversy. Edited by M ichael R use .
The Darwinian Paradigm: Essays on Its History, Philosophy and Religious Implications . By M ichael R use .
Philosophy of Biology Today. By M ichael R use.
Science and Providence: God's Interaction with the World. By J ohn P olk -I nghorne .
Universe: An Evolutionary Approach to Astronomy. By E ric C haisson .     

Motivational Readiness,Self-Efficacy and Decision-Making for Exercise1

Exercise has important health benefits, but a large proportion of the population is physically inactive. We examined the prevalence of stages of readiness to exercise and their relationship to self-efficacy and to the costs and benefits of exercising in samples of 1093 employees in and around Providence, Rhode Island, and 801 employees in Adelaide, Australia. In both samples, 40.6% of respondents had not yet begun to take action (not thinking about starting to exercise or thinking about it but not doing it), while 59.4% were at some phase of action (exercising some, starting to exercise regularly, exercising regularly). Scores on self-efficacy items and cost-and-benefit items significantly differentiated employees at extreme stages. In contrast with those who exercised regularly, employees who had not yet begun to exercise had little confidence in their ability to exercise and saw exercising as having nearly as many costs as it had benefits. There is the potential to enhance the impact of exercise interventions by targeting them so as to address factors related to these different stages of readiness to exercise.     

Adult psychological development: A jungian perspective

Jung was one of the first to describe an adult developmental position in psychology. Using his work, Levinson describes three adult seasons of summer, fall and winter, beginning roughly at twenty, forty and sixty years of age. During the first half of life (under forty), Jung sees the therapies of Freud and Adler as addressing the central problems. For the later fall and winter seasons of life, Jung's psychology alone has specific relevance. Different stages have typical characteristics, problems, orientations and requisites for effective therapy. Knowing these is important both for therapist and for analysand.Dr. Hoy is Assistant Director and Associate Psychologist at the Rhode Island Youth Guidance Center, special lecturer in the graduate school of Providence College, and the founding Director of the C.G. Jung Center of Rhode Island. His address is: 32 Paris Street, Pawtucket, RI 02860.     

Reviews

Books reviewed Webb, Stephen H., Taking Religion to School: Christian Theology and Secular Education Hillocks, George, Jr., Ways of Thinking, Ways of Teaching Brinkley, Alan; Dessants, Betty; Flamm, Michael; Fleming, Cynthia; Forcey, Charles; and Rothschild, Eric, The Chicago Handbook for Teachers: A Practical Guide to the College Classroom Kiely, Robert, Learning: Spiritual Sketches from a Professor's Life Hart, D. G., University Gets Religion: Religious Studies in American Higher Education Sutherland, Peter, (ed.), Adult Learning: A Reader Seldin, Peter. (ed.), Changing Practices in Evaluating Teaching: A Practical Guide to Improved Faculty Performance and Promotion/Tenure Decisions Hayes, Elizabeth; Flannery, Daniele D. with Brooks, Ann K., Tisdell, Elizabeth J.; and Hugo, Jane M., Women as Learners: The Significance of Gender in Adult Learning     

Relationship of Children's Daytime Behavior Problems With Bedtime Routines/Practices: A Family Context and the Consideration of Faux-ADHD

The study examined the relationship between childhood daytime behavior problems and bedtime routines and practices. Participants were 704 parents of children ages 2–13 who completed a questionnaire in 14 pediatric offices in Providence, Rhode Island. Of particular interest was the highly significant relationship (p-value < 0.0001) between children who bed share or lack regular bedtimes and whose parents are told they should take medicine for behavior or learning problems; and between children who bed share and have physically aggressive behavior toward a parent. Recommendations were made regarding integration of the results in the context of family treatment as well as the consideration of a faux-ADHD.     

Bible Study and Character

Abstract

Thomas, W. I., &; Thomas, D. S. The Child in America. New York: Knopf, 1928. Pp. xiv+575.

Thomas, D. S. Some New Techniques for Studying Social Behavior. New York: Bur. Pubis., Teach. Coll., 1929. Pp. viii+203.

Healy, W., Bronner, A. F., Baylor, E. M. H., &; Murphy, J. P. Reconstructing Behavior in Youth. New York: Knopf, 1929. Pp. vii+325.

Calverton, V. F., &; Schmalhausen, S. D. [Editors]. The New Generation. New York: Macaulay, 1930. Pp. 717.

Furfey, P. H. The Growing Boy. New York: Macmillan, 1930. Pp. viii+192.

Hollingworth, L. S. The Psychology of the Adolescent. New York: Appleton, 1928. Pp. xiii+259.

Brooks, F. D. The Psychology of Adolescence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1929. Pp. xxiii+652.

Pratt, K. C., Nelson, A. K., &; Sun, K. H. The Behavior of the Newborn Infant. Columbus: Ohio State Univ. Press, 1930. Pp. xiii+237.

Bühler, C. The First Year of Life. New York: John Day, 1930. Pp. x+281.

Bühler, C. Kindheit und Jugend. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1930. Pp. xx+308.

Bühler, K. The Mental Development of the Child. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1930. Pp. xi+170.

Curti, M. W. Child Psychology. New York: Longmans, Green, 1930. Pp. ix+527.

Piaget, J. The Child's Conception of Physical Causality. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1930. Pp. viii+309.     

Changes in Job Satisfaction Through Time in Two Major New England Fishing Ports

Fishing communities in the U.S. have been the subject of great transformation due to changes in availability of resources and the implementation of different rules and regulations to manage the fisheries and conserve fish stocks. Job satisfaction has been widely regarded as an important component of well-being especially among fishermen because the occupation of fishing includes attributes of ‘adventure,’ ‘challenge,’ and ‘being outdoors’ infrequently found in other employment. It has been previously demonstrated that management driven changes to fishing communities can directly and indirectly affect aspects of fishermen’s job satisfaction and, consequently, their well-being. This paper presents a unique through time comparison of job satisfaction among fishermen between three time periods (1977, 2009/10, and 2013/14) in two major New England fishing ports: New Bedford, Massachusetts, and Point Judith, Rhode Island. Results show important differences between the three time-periods analyzed that can be associated with important changes in fisheries management in the last few decades. Differences found between ports also emphasize important socio-cultural aspects influencing job satisfaction and well-being in fishing communities. This study demonstrates that job satisfaction variables are valuable indicators of change in the context of fisheries and therefore provide valuable information for the development of future management plans that take into account important aspects of fishing community well-being.     

A Review of “CHANGE: Principles of Problem Formulation and Problem Resolution (Rev. ed.),” by Paul Watzlawick,John H. Weakland,and Richard Fisch

Abstract

Enrichment: Structured Intervention with Couples, Families and Groups, Luciano L'Abate, Washington, D.C.: University Press of America, 1977, $9.95, 374 pages

Daddy's Girl, Mama's Boy, J. Rue and L. Shanahan, New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1978, $8.95, 250 pages

Problem-Solving Therapy, Jay Haley, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc., 1976, $13.95, 275 pages

Theropy for Couples: A Clinician's Guide for Effective Treotment Billie S. Ables in collaboration with Jeffrey M. Brandsma San Francisco: Jossey-Bass, Inc., 1977, $13.95, 364 pages     

Book Reviews

Book review in this article.
S chein , E dgar H. Organizational Psychology. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965. Pp. xi + 114. $3.95, hard cover; $1.50, paperbound.
K ahn , R obert L., et al . Organizational Stress: Studies in Role Conflict and Ambiguity. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1964. Pp. xii + 470. $7.95
G uion , R obert M. Personnel Testing. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1965. Pp. xiii + 585. $9.50
H addon , W illiam , J r ., S uchman , E dward A., and K lein , D avid . Accident Research: Methods and Approaches. New York: Harper & Row, Publishers, 1964. Pp. xvi + 752. $15.00
S ampson , R obert C. Managing the Managers: A Realistic Approach to Applying the Behavioral Sciences. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1965. Pp. ix + 272. $7.95
M iner , J ohn B. Studies in Management Education. New York: Springer Publishing Company, Inc., 1965. Pp. ix + 239.
F erguson , C harles A., F ersing , J an E., et al . The Legacy of Neglect: An Appraisal of the Implications of Emotional Disturbances in the Business Environment. Fort Worth, Texas: Industrial Mental Health Associates, 1965. Pp. xii + 209. $13.50
Z aleznik , A braham , and M oment , D avid . The Dynamics of Interpersonal Behavior. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1964. Pp ix + 520. $7.95
Z aleznik , A braham , and M oment , D avid . Casebook on Interpersonal Behavior in Organizations. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1964. Pp xvi + 587. $7.95
T homas , C. A., D avies , I. K., O penshaw , D., and B ird , J. B. Programmed Learning in Perspective: A Guide to Program Writing. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1965. (British printing, 1963) Pp. 183. $7.95
F ox , H arland , and K erpen , M iriam C. Corporate Retirement Policy and Practices. New York: National Industrial Conference Board, 1964. Pp. 90. $15.00; $3.00 to NICB Associates and government agencies; $1.00 to students and teachers, mailed only to school address.     

Book reviews

Abstract

Marriage and Marital Therapy: Psychoanalytic, Behavioral and Systems Theory Perspectives, Thomas J. Paolino, Jr., Barbara S. McCrady (Eds.), New York runner/Mazel 1978, $25.00, 586 pages

The Prevention of Sexual Disorders, C. B. Qualls, J. P. Wincze, and D. H. Barlow, New York: Plenum, 1978, $14.95, 202 pages

Family Therapy in Clinical Practice, Murray Bowen, M.D., New York: Jason Aronson, Inc., 1978, $25.00, 565 pages

Homosexualities—A Study of Diversity Among Men and Women, Allen P. Bell, M. S. Weinberg, New York, Simon and Schuster, 1978, $12.95, 505 pages     

Book reviews

Abstract

Family Therapy of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, by Edward Kaufman and Pauline N. Kaufmann. New York: Gardner Press, 1979, 276 pages, $24.95.

Family Therapy: An Interactional Approach, by Maurizio Andolfi. New York: Plenum Press, 1979, 170 pages, $19.95.

The Family: Evaluation and Treatment, edited by Charles K. Hofling and Jerry M. Lewis. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1980, 324 pages, $17.50.

Individual and Family Therapy: Toward an Integration, by Fred M. Sander, M.D. New York: Jason Aronson, Inc., 1979, 235 pages, $20.00.

Disorders of Sexual Desire and Other New Concepts and Techniques in Sex Therapy, by Helen Singer Kaplan. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1979, 237 pages, $17.50.

Medical Sexology, edited by Roman Forleo, M.D. and Willy Pasini, M.D. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, 1980, 664 pages, $44.50.

Group Psychotherapy and Personality: Intersecting Structures, by Henry Kellerman. New York: Grune &; Stratton, 1979, 345 pages, $19.50.     

The power of a musical instrument: Franklin, the Mozarts, Mesmer, and the glass armonica

In 1761 Benjamin Franklin invented the armonica (often referred to as the glass harmonica), an instrument designed to simplify the playing of the musical glasses. The instrument immediately became popular and inspired compositions by Wolfgang Mozart, who had the opportunity to hear and play one at the house of Franz Anton Mesmer. Armonica music was used by Mesmer in his séances, because he felt it could promote healing by propagating a mystical fluid that he called animal magnetism through the body. After Mesmer's theories were debunked by a highly respected panel of scientists, the armonica fell out of vogue. Because Franklin was on the panel that examined the discredited mesmerism, he indirectly contributed to his own invention's demise.     

Hyperactive behavior in english schoolchildren: A questionnaire survey

The differences in apparent prevalence of childhood hyperactivity between England and North America are more than 20-fold. This paper seeks to illuminate the reasons for the difference by applying a standard measure [Conners Teacher Rating Scale] to 437 English schoolchildren, aged 6 to 9 years, and comparing them with published surveys from the United States and Australasia. The rating scale had moderate interrater reliability and stability over time; it distinguished between children referred for psychiatric treatment and normal schoolchildren. Component analysis yielded a factor of hyperactivity-inattentiveness, distinct from conduct disorder. The mean hyperactivity scores of English children were higher than in most U.S. surveys but lower than in New Zealand. The national differences in rates of diagnosed hyperactivity are likely to reflect diagnostic inconsistency rather than true differences in children's behavior.     

Wayfinding through an unfamiliar environment

Strategies for finding one's way through an unfamiliar environment may be helped by 2D maps, 3D virtual environments, or other navigation aids. The relative effectiveness of aids was investigated. Experiments were conducted in a large, park-like environment. 24 participants (12 men, 12 women; age range = 22-50 years; M=32, SD = 7.4) were divided into three groups of four individuals, who explored a 2D map of a given route prior to navigation, received a silent guided tour by means of an interactive virtual representation, or acquired direct experience of the real route through a silent guided tour. Participants then had to find the same route again on their own. 12 observers were given a "simple" route with only one critical turn, and the other 12 a "complex" route with six critical turns. Compared to three people familiar with the routes, among the naive participants, those who had a direct experience prior to navigation all found their way again on the simple and complex routes. Those who had explored the interactive virtual environment were unable to find their way on the complex route. The relative scale representation in the virtual environment may have given incorrect impressions of relative distances between objects along the itinerary, rendering important landmark information useless.     

Social Change Movements and the Struggle Over Meaning-Making: A Case Study of Domestic Violence Narratives

Social movement theorists have emphasized the important role of meaning-making for social change movements (e.g., D. A. Snow and R. D. Benford, 1992, In: A. D. Morris & C. M. Mueller (Eds.) Frontiers in social movement theory. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, pp 133-155; C. M. Mueller, 1992, In: A. D. Morris & C. M. Mueller (Eds.) Frontiers in social movement theory. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, pp 3-26). Using the domestic violence movement as a case study, this study undertakes a close analysis of advocates' narratives about the phenomenon of domestic violence. This analysis sheds light on the current status of the movement as a social change movement attempting to promote alternative understandings of domestic violence as a social, rather than individual, problem. Study findings provide some evidence that the domestic violence movement has become increasingly de-politicized by documenting a range of narratives that convey an apolitical, degendered, individual-level analysis of domestic violence.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed:
Greenwood, Susan, Magic, Witchraft and the Otherworld: An Anthropology
Prothero, Stephen, Purified by Fire: A History of Cremation in America
Hervieu-Léger, Danièle, Religion as a Chain of Memory
Skotnicki, Andrew, Religion and the Development of the American Penal System
Baggett, Jerome P., Habitat for Humanity: Building Private Homes, Building Public Religion
Warner, Carolyn M., Confessions of an Interest Group: The Catholic Church and Political Parties in Europe
Burdick, John and Hewitt, W. E., The Church at the Grassroots in Latin America: Perspectives on Thirty Years of Activism
Shipps, Jan, Sojourner in the Promised Land: Forty Years Among the Mormons
Zuckerman, Phil, Du Bois on Religion
Stout, Daniel A. and Buddenbaum, Judith M., Religion and Popular Culture: Studies on the Interaction of World-views
Mazur, Eric Michael, The Americanization of Religious Minorities: Confronting the Constitutional Order
Sklar, Deidre, Dancing with the Virgin: Body and Faith in the Fiesta of Tortugas, New Mexico
Eisenstadt, S. N., Fundamentalism, Sectarianism, and Revolution: The Jacobin Dimension of Modernity
Koenig, Harold G., McCullough, Michael E. and Larson, David B., Handbook of Religion and Health
Eskridge, Larry and Noll, Mark A., More Money, More Ministry: Money and Evangelicals in Recent North American History     

A Method for Investigating the Sensitivity of the Skin to Mechanical Vibration

Brower, D., &; Abt, L. E., Eds. Progress in Clinical Psychology, Vol. 1, Sections 1 and 2. New York: Grune &; Stratton, 1952. Pp. 328 &; 564. Reviewed by Percival M. Symonds.     

Book reviews

MARCUS, M. P. A Theory of Syntactic Recognition for Natural Language. Cambridge, Massachusetts, and London, England: The MIT Press. 1980. Pp. 335. £15.50.

LASSMAN, F. M., FISCH, R. O., VETTER, D. K. and LA BENZ, E. S. Early Correlates of Speech, Language, and Hearing. Littleton, Mass.: PSG Publishing Co. 1980. Pp. 858. ISBN 0 88416 214 1.     

Book Reviews

Book review in this Article
H arriman , P. L. The New Dictionary of Psychology , New York: The Philosophical Library, 1947, Pp 364.
H arriman , P. L., Editor. Encyclopedia of Psychology , New York: The Philosophical Library, 1948, Pp vii and 897.
A dkins , D orothy C., with the assistance of P rimoff , E rnest S., M c A doo , H arold L., B ridges , C laude F. and F orer , B ertram . The Construction and Analysis of Achievement Tests.