肺癌早期综合诊疗思考

通过分析目前肺癌患者5年生存率徘徊在10%,这一现实问题,可以得到一些重要启示和思考。今后肺癌治疗发展方向将是完善个体化、多学科早期综合治疗模式;利用基因芯片技术开展肺癌早期诊断,对肺癌高危人群开展大规模普查;开展靶向性、高效低毒、抗耐药性的肺癌治疗药物研究,进行肺癌逆转的分子干预治疗和分子阻断治疗,要用早期综合地手段诊疗肺癌。     

非小细胞肺癌外科治疗相关的前沿实践

临床技术更新、综合治疗方案的合理安排有望提升非小细胞肺癌诊治水平.实时超声内镜下针吸活检技术的应用使纵隔淋巴结活检安全、准确;针对早期肺癌手术前后实施化疗为肺癌治疗带来新机遇;临床实践观察到肺癌手术切除纵隔淋巴结及脂肪组织降低其复发;另外电视辅助胸腔镜的临床应用拓展了肺癌诊断、治疗领域.     

非小细胞肺癌的综合诊治策略——NCCN肿瘤学临床实践指南(2006第二版)评析

肺癌目前位于世界肿瘤死亡原因的首位.肺癌的治疗应根据临床不同的分期,选择规范化的治疗方案.肺癌规范化综合治疗可使早期肺癌患者5年生存率达50%～70%左右.中晚期达到25%左右.美国NCCN肿瘤学临床实践指南在2006年发布了第二版非小细胞肺癌治疗方案,对于规范化治疗肺癌以及提高肺癌病人生存率和生存质量有着积极的意义.     

非小细胞肺癌外科治疗相关的前沿实践

临床技术更新、综合治疗方案的合理安排有望提升非小细胞肺癌诊治水平。实时超声内镜下针吸活检技术的应用使纵隔淋巴结活检安全、准确;针对早期肺癌手术前后实施化疗为肺癌治疗带来新机遇;临床实践观察到肺癌手术切除纵隔淋巴结及脂肪组织降低其复发;另外电视辅助胸腔镜的临床应用拓展了肺癌诊断、治疗领域。     

非小细胞肺癌分子靶向治疗中的循证医学和个体化治疗

肺癌是我国发病率和病死率最高的恶性肿瘤,分子靶向治疗是晚期非小细胞肺癌新的有前景的治疗方法.本文通过介绍以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂为代表的非小细胞肺癌的分子靶向治疗历程,说明了循证医学和个体化治疗在临床肿瘤治疗中的相辅相成,只有将循证医学和个体化治疗结合起来才能不断地提高临床肿瘤治疗水平.     

非小细胞肺癌的综合诊治策略——NCCN肿瘤学临床实践指南（2006第二版）评析

肺癌目前位于世界肿瘤死亡原因的首位。肺癌的治疗应根据临床不同的分期,选择规范化的治疗方案。肺癌规范化综合治疗可使早期肺癌患者5年生存率达50%~70%左右。中晚期达到25%左右。美国NCCN肿瘤学临床实践指南在2006年发布了第二版非小细胞肺癌治疗方案,对于规范化治疗肺癌以及提高肺癌病人生存率和生存质量有着积极的意义。     

非小细胞肺癌靶向药物治疗争论热点

非小细胞肺癌作为全球和我国发病率最高、死亡人数最多的恶性肿瘤,其药物治疗始终是临床肿瘤学界高度关注的焦点之一.肿瘤的药物治疗模式从单纯以细胞毒药物杀伤肿瘤逐步向调节信号传导通路转变,分子靶向药物日益成为治疗肿瘤的重要武器.回顾肺癌靶向治疗的进展,诸多问题需要解决.     

ICU谵妄的预防：早期活动

ICU谵妄发生率高、识别率低,可显著延长ICU平均住院时间、增加病死率、加重转出ICU后认知功能障碍.但目前缺乏有效的谵妄预防措施.综合干预措施可降低谵妄的发生,其中早期活动是治疗的关键.ICU早期活动安全可行,可降低谵妄的发生及缩短谵妄的持续时间,改善患者预后.ICU中开展早期活动治疗是基于＆quot;ABCDE＆quot;集束化干预措施的前提下,中断镇静后尽早开始肢体功能锻炼和职业治疗,包括从先被动后主动的关节活动,到双腿下垂坐到床缘,进一步下床坐到轮椅上甚至步行活动,是早期活动的基本流程.     

非小细胞肺癌分子分型及检测的临床路径探讨

根据遗传改变的不同,已从非小细胞肺癌中细分出EGFR突变型、KRAS突变型、EML4-ALK融合型等分子亚型,并实施针对性分子靶向治疗.但是,非小细胞肺癌中这些遗传改变受多种因素的影响,对不同背景的病例采取最佳的分子分型检测路径,可提高分型筛选的效率.本文提出了两种依据患者背景的检测策略.     

非小细胞肺癌分子靶向治疗中的循证医学和个体化治疗

肺癌是我国发病率和病死率最高的恶性肿瘤,分子靶向治疗是晚期非小细胞肺癌新的有前景的治疗方法。本文通过介绍以表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂为代表的非小细胞肺癌的分子靶向治疗历程,说明了循证医学和个体化治疗在临床肿瘤治疗中的相辅相成,只有将循证医学和个体化治疗结合起来才能不断地提高临床肿瘤治疗水平。     

Rescue fantasies

The concept of "rescue fantasy" is examined as it has evolved since Freud introduced it in 1910. Originally designating the wish in certain men to rescue "fallen women," the term has more recently come to refer primarily to the therapist's conscious or unconscious aims with regard to his patient, particularly in the context of child analysis or therapy. The varying drive elements and defensive operations at work in this compromise formation are discussed, and some recent sociocultural influences and analogues are suggested.     

Relief from Rescue

Philosophical Studies - Moral extremists argue for highly demanding duties of beneficence on the ground that accepting a more moderate position commits us to denying the common-sense moral...     

The Embryo Rescue Case

In the debate regarding the moral status of human embryos, the Embryo Rescue Case has been used to suggest that embryos are not rightholders. This case is premised on the idea that in a situation where one has a choice between saving some number of embryos or a child, it seems wrong to save the embryos and not the child. If so, it seems that embryos cannot be rightholders. In this paper, I argue that the Embryo Rescue Case does not independently show that embryos are not rightholders.     

Collectivizing Rescue Obligations in Bioethics

Bioethicists invoke a duty to rescue in a wide range of cases. Indeed, arguably, there exists an entire medical paradigm whereby vast numbers of medical encounters are treated as rescue cases. The intuitive power of the rescue paradigm is considerable, but much of this power stems from the problematic way that rescue cases are conceptualized—namely, as random, unanticipated, unavoidable, interpersonal events for which context is irrelevant and beneficence is the paramount value. In this article, I critique the basic assumptions of the rescue paradigm, reframe the ethical landscape in which rescue obligations are understood, and defend the necessity and value of a wider social and institutional view. Along the way, I move back and forth between ethical theory and a concrete case where the duty to rescue has been problematically applied: the purported duty to regularly return incidental findings and individual research results in genomic and genetic research.     

Rescue Fantasies in Homicide-Suicide*

ABSTRACT: Thirteen homicide-suicides, events in which an individual murders one or more persons and kills himself immediately afterward, were studied. Findings were presented in terms of the setting in which these events occurred, the relationship between perpetrator and victim, and the rationalizations produced by the perpetrators to explain their behavior. The results are interpreted to suggest that persons who commit homicide-suicide are acting out a three-party rescue fantasy in an attempt to resolve unbearable stress.     

VIII—Permissible Rescue Killings

Many believe that agent-centred considerations, unlike agent-neutral reasons, cannot show that victims have the right to kill their attackers in self-defence, let alone establish that rescuers have the right to come to their help. In this paper, I argue that the right to kill in self- or other-defence is best supported by a hybrid set of reasons. In particular, agent-centred considerations account for the plausible intuition that victims have a special stake, which other parties lack, in being to thwart the attackers. That special stake plays an important part justifying victims' right to obtain help, and rescuers' right to give it.