边缘人群社会医学:值得关注的新领域

从边缘化的概念入手,对边缘人群的内涵及范畴进行了明确界定,引出边缘人群社会医学的概念.对当前我们开展边缘人群社会医学研究的必要性进行了初步分析,就我国当前边缘人群存在的主要社会医学问题进行了深入的探讨.     

我国临床医学专业人文社会医学课程结构的研究

在当今世界,对人的素质的要求普遍提高。在医学界呼吁提高医学生的人文社会科学素质的呼声越来越高,认为当前医科大学生患有"人文社会科学知识缺乏症"［１］。从我们对医学生进行人文社会医学的态度调查看,医学生普遍存在着对人文社会医学知识的知晓率低,对人文社会医学学习的自觉性差等问题（笔者"关于医科大学生对人文社会医学的态度"一文已作详细分析）。从当前和未来的医学教育看,亟待解决这一问题。那么,当前的人文社会医学教育是否适应医学生素质培养和医学模式转变的需要呢？为此,我们对全国的人文社会医学课程结构进行了调查…     

人文社会医学教育应纳为继续医学教育的重要内容

从人文社会医学的概念、现状及加强人文社会医学继续教育的重要性,阐述了应将人文社会医学教育纳为继续医学教育的重要内容的现点.指出加强人文社会医学继续教育应统一认识,加强领导;强化培训,纳入正规;注重实践,回归社会.     

差异中的医学人类学与社会学意义——对《中国人群死亡及其危险因素流行水平、趋势和分布》数据的透视

从医学人类学的视角对《中国人群死亡及其危险因素流行、趋势和分布》一书进行了评述,认为本书以大量的数据重新论证了医学人类学和社会医学的基本命题,也给读者带来了一些关于"人类发展与疾病流行"关系的思考。     

差异中的医学人类学与社会学意义——对《中国人群死亡及其危险因素流行水平、趋势和分布》数据的透视

从医学人类学的视角对《中国人群死亡及其危险因素流行、趋势和分布》一书进行了评述,认为本书以大量的数据重新论证了医学人类学和社会医学的基本命题,也给读者带来了一些关于"人类发展与疾病流行"关系的思考.     

浅析佛学与现代医学目的之契合

本文分析了现代生物—心理—社会医学模式提出的整体健康目标与佛学涅概念的契合之处,认为二者的互相沟通将促进人类对自身的进一步认识。     

重建现代医学模式中的传染病防治策略

以当下SARS流行为例,考察了传染病概念的演变以及在现代社会中突发性传染病流行事件的多维影响,指出将传染病防治归结为生物医学模式,把慢性病防治隶属于生物心理社会医学模式是片面的,提出现代社会的传染病防治策略也必须建构在生物心理社会医学模式的基础之上。     

从西方释义学角度探究肿瘤定义

随着人文社会医学的兴起,医学与社会文化的互为关系越来越密切。本文应用西方释义学的概念,理论要素及有关原则,对现有的一些肿瘤定义进行理论上的探索,目的在于试图在医学文本语言标准化方面做些尝试。     

公正世界信念与心理健康关系的综述

公正世界信念是人格心理学和社会心理学中的一个重要概念,也是生物心理社会医学模式所涵盖的一个重要变量.结合近年来的研究热点,从积极的自我感知,愉快或满意,关心他人的能力,高效与创造性工作的能力等四个方面对公正世界信念和心理健康的关系进行了评估.对现有研究中的不足进行了评述,对今后研究的内容、方法和方向进行了展望.     

重新审视21世纪初期我国城市健康问题

随着我国城市化进程的加快,出现很多新的健康问题,突出表现在:生育率进一步下降;新、老空巢现象交错;城市边缘人群社会医学问题日趋彰显;文化冲突进一步加剧;城市公共安全问题突出。我们必须对上述问题予以足够重视,并开展针对性研究。     

浅谈现代普通外科观念的变更

随着自然科学和社会科学的发展,特别是现代医学模式的转变,普通外科的观念与传统观念有了很大不同。人本主义观念是普通外科的所有医疗活动的指导原则,循证观念成为解决临床问题的有效手段,微创观念将引导现代普通外科的发展方向,置换观念是社会和自然科学发展的必然,整体观念体现着现代医学对立统一的思想,而新的健康观念更符合人类文明进步的要求,协作观念则是提高医疗质量的保障。     

Psychology as a Science of Subject and Comportment,beyond the Mind and Behavior

The turn of qualitative inquiry suggests a more open, plural conception of psychology than just the science of the mind and behavior as it is most commonly defined. Historical, ontological and epistemological binding of this conception of psychology to the positivist method of natural science may have exhausted its possibilities, and after having contributed to its prestige as a science, has now become an obstacle. It is proposed that psychology be reconceived as a science of subject and comportment in the framework of a contextual hermeneutic, social, human behavioral science. Thus, without rejecting quantitative inquiry, psychology recovers territory left aside like introspection and pre-reflective self-awareness, and reconnects with traditions marginalized from the main stream. From this perspective psychology might also recover its credibility as a human science in view of current skepticism.     

Care Like Kin: Community Based Youth Serving Organizations and the Social Reproduction of Disconnected Youth in Rural America

Increasing economic insecurity faced by older youth in rural America presents a crisis of social reproduction for disconnected youth in these areas. Increasingly community based youth serving organizations (CBYSOs) are recognizing and responding to the social reproduction needs of this particularly vulnerable youth population. Such responses are often hidden from funders, government agencies, and community residents. Yet these institutions play an important substitution function for disconnected youth and provide critical social support and social leverage for this population. Based on case studies of three CBYSOs in the San Joaquin Valley of California, this article explores how and why CBYSOs play a substitution function for disconnected youth in rural communities. It is the argument of this article that the social reproduction work of CBYSOs is undertaken with a ethic of care that may have the capacity to transform the political, social, and economic contexts that face this marginalized youth population.     

论"以人为本"的新大众保健观--提高全民健康素质的重要话题

21世纪的新大众保健观,应及时反映科学发展的新成就,以更好地服务于大众不断提高健康需求.为此,高度重视重构和宣传"以人为本"的新大众保健观,理应成为全面小康社会公共卫生建设的一个重要话题.     

防御性医疗动因及干预策略

本文重点阐述了防御性医疗的概念及特点,分析了防御性医疗之动因,最后提出防御性医疗的干预策略,包括加强医务人员职业道德教育,提高人文服务水平;加强社会宣传,提升医务人员形象;加强沟通,重建医患信任关系;强化内部管理,建立风险应对机制;完善医疗法律法规,积极构建法制环境下的现代医学模式。     

Hermeneutical Dissent and the Species of Hermeneutical Injustice

According to Miranda Fricker, a hermeneutical injustice occurs when there is a deficit in our shared tools of social interpretation (the collective hermeneutical resource), such that marginalized social groups are at a disadvantage in making sense of their distinctive and important experiences. Critics have claimed that Fricker's account ignores or precludes a phenomenon I call hermeneutical dissent, where marginalized groups have produced their own interpretive tools for making sense of those experiences. I clarify the nature of hermeneutical injustice to make room for hermeneutical dissent, clearing up the structure of the collective hermeneutical resource and the fundamental harm of hermeneutical injustice. I then provide a more nuanced account of the hermeneutical resources in play in instances of hermeneutical injustice, enabling six species of the injustice to be distinguished. Finally, I reflect on the corrective virtue of hermeneutical justice in light of hermeneutical dissent.     

A Different Trolley Problem: The Limits of Environmental Justice and the Promise of Complex Moral Assessments for Transportation Infrastructure

Transportation infrastructure tremendously affects the quality of life for urban residents, influences public and mental health, and shapes social relations. Historically, the topic is rich with social and political controversy and the resultant transit systems in the United States cause problems for minority residents and issues for the public. Environmental justice frameworks provide a means to identify and address harms that affect marginalized groups, but environmental justice has limits that cannot account for the mainstream population. To account for this condition, I employ a complex moral assessment measure that provides a way to talk about harms that affect the public.     

What does the character of medicine as a social practice imply for professional conscientious objection?

The dispute over professional conscientious objection presumes a picture of medicine as a practice governed by rules. This rule-based conception of medical practice is identifiable with John Rawls’s conception of social practices. This conception does not capture the character of medical practice as experienced by practitioners, for whom it is a sensibility or “form of life” rather than rules. Moreover, the sensibility of medical practice as experienced by physicians is at best neutral, and at worst hostile, to the demands of those who would override physician conscientious objection to the provision of currently contested services. That being so, calls for overriding physician conscientious objection are much more demanding of the medical profession than they appear in light of Rawls’s view. As such overriding may entail the forcible transformation of medicine’s form of life, the author contends that it would be more prudent to provide contested services by circumventing the medical profession than by compelling it.     

Intraminority solidarity: The role of critical consciousness

A central question in the growing field of intraminority relations is how best to promote solidarity among marginalized groups. The current article reviews existing social psychological theories of intraminority relations, with a focus on barriers to, and facilitators of, intraminority solidarity. In particular, we explore the roles of competition and identity threats in eroding solidarity, and examine how similarity perceptions, a common identity of stigma, and structural and historical attributions generate solidarity. We then suggest that critical consciousness, a theory of sociopolitical development prominent in the developmental and community psychology literatures, can integrate disparate findings and extend our understanding of solidarity among marginalized groups. Borrowing from the critical consciousness literature, we outline new theoretical predictions for fostering intraminority solidarity. This exploration furthers existing theoretical work on intraminority solidarity and intergroup relations more broadly.