共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Kristin Voigt 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2007,10(4):389-407
According to luck egalitarianism, inequalities are justified if and only if they arise from choices for which it is reasonable
to hold agents responsible. This position has been criticised for its purported harshness in responding to the plight of individuals
who, through their own choices, end up destitute. This paper aims to assess the Harshness Objection. I put forward a version
of the objection that has been qualified to take into account some of the more subtle elements of the luck egalitarian approach.
Revising the objection in this way suggests that the Harshness Objection has been overstated by its proponents: because luck
egalitarians are sensitive to the influence of unequal brute luck on individuals’ choices, it is unlikely that there will
be any real world cases in which the luck egalitarian would not have to provide at least partial compensation. However, the
Harshness Objection still poses problems for the luck egalitarian. First, it is not clear that partial compensation will be
sufficient to avoid catastrophic outcomes. Second, the Harshness Objection raises a theoretical problem in that a consistent
luck egalitarian will have to regard it as unjust if any assistance is provided to the victim of pure option luck, even if
such assistance could be provided at no cost. I consider three strategies the luck egalitarian could pursue to accommodate
these concerns and conclude that none of these strategies can be maintained without either violating basic luck egalitarian
principles or infringing upon individual liberty.
相似文献
Kristin VoigtEmail: |
2.
Anders Schinkel 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(3):267-277
Whom I call ‘epistemic reductionists’ in this article are critics of the notion of ‘moral luck’ that maintain that all supposed
cases of moral luck are illusory; they are in fact cases of what I describe as a special form of epistemic luck, the only
difference lying in what we get to know about someone, rather than in what (s)he deserves in terms of praise or blame. I argue
that epistemic reductionists are mistaken. They implausibly separate judgements of character from judgements concerning acts,
and they assume a conception of character that is untenable both from a common sense perspective and with a view to findings
from social psychology. I use especially the example of Scobie, the protagonist of Graham Greene’s novel The Heart of the Matter, to show that moral luck is real—that there are cases of moral luck that cannot be reduced to epistemic luck. The reality
of moral luck, in this example at least, lies in its impact on character and personal and moral identity.
相似文献
Anders SchinkelEmail: |
3.
We review several instances where cognitive research has identified distinct psychological mechanisms for moral judgment that
yield conflicting answers to moral dilemmas. In each of these cases, the conflict between psychological mechanisms is paralleled
by prominent philosophical debates between different moral theories. A parsimonious account of this data is that key claims
supporting different moral theories ultimately derive from the psychological mechanisms that give rise to moral judgments.
If this view is correct, it has some important implications for the practice of philosophy. We suggest several ways that moral
philosophy and practical reasoning can proceed in the face of discordant theories grounded in diverse psychological mechanisms.
相似文献
Fiery CushmanEmail: |
4.
Kelly Becker 《Philosophia》2009,37(2):245-260
There’s something deeply right in the idea that knowledge requires an ability to discriminate truth from falsity. Failing
to incorporate some version of the discrimination requirement into one’s epistemology generates cases of putative knowledge
that are at best problematic. On the other hand, many theories that include a discrimination requirement thereby appear to
entail violations of closure. This prima facie tension is resolved nicely in Jonathan Schaffer’s contrastivism, which I describe
herein. The contrastivist take on relevant alternatives is implausible, however, and this then threatens to undermine contrastivism’s
anti-skeptical results.
相似文献
Kelly BeckerEmail: |
5.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
6.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
7.
Mark Day 《Philosophia》2008,36(4):417-427
The approach that philosophers have taken to history has too often been one-dimensional. It is my aim in this paper to map
out a future multi-dimensional philosophy of history, by invoking the notion of a relation with the past, and by arguing for
the philosophical relevance of multiple such relations.
相似文献
Mark DayEmail: |
8.
Emotional expressions of moral value 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Julie Tannenbaum 《Philosophical Studies》2007,132(1):43-57
In “Moral Luck” Bernard Williams describes a lorry driver who, through no fault of his own, runs over a child, and feels “agent-regret.”
I believe that the driver’s feeling is moral since the thought associated with this feeling is a negative moral evaluation
of his action. I demonstrate that his action is not morally inadequate with respect his moral obligations. However, I show
that his negative evaluation is nevertheless justified since he acted in way that does not live up to his moral values. I
then use this distinctive negative moral evaluation to distinguish agent-regret from guilt and mere regret.
相似文献
Julie TannenbaumEmail: |
9.
It is generally agreed upon that Grice’s causal theory of perception describes a necessary condition for perception. It does
not describe sufficient conditions, however, since there are entities in causal chains that we do not perceive and not all
causal chains yield perceptions. One strategy for overcoming these problems is that of strengthening the notion of causality
(as done by David Lewis). Another is that of specifying the criteria according to which perceptual experiences should match
the way the world is (Frank Jackson and Michael Tye). Finally, one can also try to provide sufficient conditions by elaborating
on the content of perceptual experiences (Alva N?e). These different strategies are considered in this paper, with the conclusion
that none of them is successful. However, a careful examination of their problems points towards the general solution that
we outline at the end.
相似文献
Valtteri Arstila (Corresponding author)Email: |
Kalle PihlainenEmail: |
10.
Ian Hargraves 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2007,20(3):131-139
In examining representations of cities, disease, and human biology, this paper reflects on what technologies reveal of the
conditions to which they’re turned.
相似文献
Ian HargravesEmail: |
11.
This is a critical discussion of a paper on the problem of bootstrapping by Jose Zalabardo.
相似文献
Anthony BruecknerEmail: |
12.
Frank Arntzenius 《Erkenntnis》2008,68(2):277-297
I argue that standard decision theories, namely causal decision theory and evidential decision theory, both are unsatisfactory.
I devise a new decision theory, from which, under certain conditions, standard game theory can be derived.
相似文献
Frank ArntzeniusEmail: |
13.
Two Theories of Just War 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
As it is traditionally conceived, Just War Theory is not well suited for dealing with nation vs non-nation wars. It thus makes sense to create a second Just War Theory to deal with these wars. This article explores the differences and similarities between the two theories.
相似文献
Nick FotionEmail: |
14.
15.
Dr. med. Dipl.-Soz. Alf Gerlach 《Forum der Psychoanalyse》2004,20(1):7-12
16.
Jeremy Gwiazda 《Philosophia》2006,34(4):437-438
When two omnipotent beings are randomly and sequentially selecting positive integers, the being who selects second is almost
certain to select a larger number. I then use the relativity of simultaneity to create a paradox by having omnipotent beings
select positive integers in different orders for different observers.
相似文献
Jeremy GwiazdaEmail: |
17.
André Juthe 《Argumentation》2009,23(2):133-169
This paper discusses the method when an argument is refuted by a parallel argument since the flaw of the parallel argument
is clearly displayed. The method is explicated, examined and compared with two other general methods.
相似文献
André JutheEmail: |
18.
Hans Muller 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):109-112
I have argued that to say qualia are epiphenomenal is to say a world without qualia would be physically identical to a world
with qualia. Dan Cavedon-Taylor has offered an alternative interpretation of the commitments of qualia epiphenomenalism according
to which qualia cause beliefs and those beliefs can and do cause changes to the physical world. I argue that neither of these
options works for the qualia epiphenomenalist and thus that theory faces far more serious difficulties than has previously
been recognized.
相似文献
Hans MullerEmail: |
19.
Michael Drieschner 《Journal for General Philosophy of Science》2008,39(1):1-16
20.
In this paper we discuss visualizations in mathematics from a historical and didactical perspective. We consider historical
debates from the 17th and 19th centuries regarding the role of intuition and visualizations in mathematics. We also consider
the problem of what a visualization in mathematical learning can achieve. In an empirical study we investigate what mathematical
conclusions university students made on the basis of a visualization. We emphasize that a visualization in mathematics should
always be considered in its proper context.
相似文献
Kajsa Br?ting (Corresponding author)Email: |
Johanna PejlareEmail: |