共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
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麦金太尔论社会关系、共同利益与个人利益 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
我们从出生到死亡都处在一种接受与给予的关系中 ,我们从谁那里接受和给予谁往往是不对称的。这是我们参与到这个网络中不得不懂得的。在这个接受与给予的关系中 ,有我们的共同利益和我们个人的利益。同时 ,处在这样一种关系中 ,也需要我们遵守相应的德性规则。 相似文献
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态度与行为关系研究现状及发展趋势 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
关于态度与行为关系研究存在以下几种模式:态度和行为直接相关;态度和行为通过其他的中介,调节变量共同作用于行为;态度的不同构成对行为起不同的作用。该文结合以上的研究框架介绍了近些年来有影响力的模型如计划行为理论、态度强度模型等,并提出未来的态度和行为的关系应该充分考虑内隐态度测量以及采用时间序列追踪研究的新的角度 相似文献
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现代认知心理学对态度研究的影响述评 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
社会学家托马斯认为“社会心理学就是研究态度的科学”,到目前为止,态度仍然是社会心理学研究的重要领域,据统计,近几年关于态度的研究论文每年均超过1000篇。这与认知心理学的兴起有密切关系,本文以态度为例,浅谈现代认知心理学对它的影响。1态度的认知编码认知心理学家已经提出了多种不同的认知编码类型,如命题单元(pr000sitionalunits){类似物表征(analogrenresentatlons)、情节和语义表征(enlsodlcandsemanticrenresentatlons)及产生式系… 相似文献
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理性行为理论及其拓展研究的现状与展望 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
作为一种广泛地用于预测多种多样的社会行为的权威理论,理性行为理论(Theory of Reasoned Action, TRA)已经被大量的学者进行了拓展。根据研究视角的差异性,现有的这些对理性行为理论进行拓展的研究被归结为三类,理性行为理论自身的深化研究;理性行为理论适用性的拓展研究;理性行为理论模型的拓展研究。这三类研究首先被系统地总结和分析,然后在分析现有研究的不足的基础上,理性行为理论进一步拓展研究的方向被提出来,期望以此推动理性行为理论在国内的进一步开展 相似文献
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一项社会支持的心理学研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
本研究以我国东、西部439户被征地农民家庭的主要劳力为对象,通过问卷调查,考察了被征地农民的社会支持。结果发现:被征地农民所获得的总的社会支持水平与城市居民投有显著差异,但在社会支持的某些维度上具有明显差异;我国东部地区被征地农民所获得的社会支持水平显著高于西部地区;人口统计因素(如年龄、受教育水平等)和社会心理因素(如征地前的职业、征地后的经济来源等)对被征地农民社会支持的不同方面具有不同影响。研究认为,征地部门需要重视被征地农民的就业安置或职业培训、以提高被征地农民的社会支持水平。尤其是我国西部地区被征地农民的社会支持水平。 相似文献
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焦虑失常已成为现代人生活中常见心理疾病,它主要是由患的生理特质、遗传、早期经历等因素引起;通过心理、行为疗法辅以适当的药物可使患最终克服焦虑。 相似文献
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大量的事实证明,临床误诊时有发生,误诊率高居不下。本文在分析上述现象的同时,提出了误诊研究的几个有关问题:一、对待误诊的态度;二、误诊研究与反向思维;三、误诊研究的方法。旨在给误诊研究提供科学方法,总结发生规律。 相似文献
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When Self-Interest Matters 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The relative influence of self-interest and values on policy preferences was assessed experimentally in a national survey that posed questions about three contemporary political issues—Social Security reform, the home mortgage interest tax deduction, and health care benefits for domestic partners. For each issue, respondents were randomly assigned to one of three priming conditions that influenced the frame of reference for their policy evaluations. The results show that people are more likely to recognize their own self-interest, and to act upon it, when their stakes in the policy are clear or when they have been primed to think about the personal costs and benefits of the policy. This relationship is somewhat weakened but not eliminated when sociotropic considerations are primed. People with a smaller stake in an issue are less likely to behave on the basis of self-interest and more likely to be influenced by their values and symbolic predispositions, especially when exposed to information that cues sociotropic concerns, group identifications, or value orientations. 相似文献
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John Lemos 《Philosophia》2006,34(1):85-93
In this article it is assumed that human goodness is to be judged with respect to how well one does at practical reasoning. It is acknowledged that (1) there is a difference between moral practical reasoning (MPR) and prudential practical reasoning (PPR) and (2) what these would recommend sometimes conflict. A distinction is then made between absolute PPR and relative PPR and it is argued that doing well at absolute PPR is always consistent with MPR. It is also argued that since it is more reasonable to assess prudential practical rationality in terms of the absolute standard than the relative standard, there is no conflict between the demands of MPR (morality) and PPR (self-interest).
相似文献
John LemosEmail: |
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This study explored the associations among income level, economic beliefs, and political party preference in terms of self-interest and ideological theories of party preference. Results from a survey of 487 New Zealand voters showed that the income levels and economic beliefs of supporters of the four major parties were organized along a single dimension: ACT supporters had the highest income and strongest neoliberal economic beliefs, followed closely by National supporters, whereas Alliance supporters had the lowest income and strongest welfare-state economic beliefs, followed by Labour supporters. However, the prediction of party preference from income and economic beliefs showed a different pattern: Income significantly predicted support for ACT, National, and Alliance; economic beliefs had the strongest influence on National and Labour support; and economic beliefs interacted with income to influence ACT and National support, but not Labour and Alliance support. The results suggest that voters who have gained or lost the most from the implementation of neoliberal policies—in this case, those with the highest and lowest incomes (i.e., ACT and Alliance supporters), respectively—form political party preference mainly from economic self-interest, whereas middle-income voters (i.e., National and Labour supporters) form party preference from ideological congruence. Moreover, higher status individuals may be more likely to use ideology to express self-interested motivation. 相似文献
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心理契约破坏对员工态度与行为的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
心理契约破坏是指在雇佣关系中员工对组织未能履行的责任或承诺的认知评价。本文从概念上区分了心理契约破坏与心理契约违背, 然后从直接影响和间接影响(中介效应与调节效应)两方面回顾了国内外有关心理契约破坏对员工工作态度与行为影响的实证研究, 并对研究方法、理论依据存在的不足进行评述, 提出未来的研究应该:(1)基于中国的文化背景, 开发适合中国企业的心理契约量表; (2)从组织-员工双向视角考察心理契约破坏对双方影响的的动态过程。 相似文献
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极端特殊的孤立与封闭环境向深入南极大陆的科考人员提出了极其严峻的挑战,同时也为心理学研究提供了一个天然实验室。对于南极科考人员而言,多数人越冬期间会在不同程度上经历和承受“越冬综合症”和“四分之三现象”,他们的积极心理经历和体验已经开始受到关注。文章重点介绍了有关南极科考人员可能出现的症状、适应特征、科考人员的人格特征以及站区文化对行为的影响等方面的研究结果,对现有研究存在的问题进行了初步探讨,提出了未来研究将会开展更广泛的国际化合作、聚焦环境、人格和行为三者的关系以及积极心理学在特殊环境中的重要作用等主题 相似文献
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极端特殊的孤立与封闭环境向深入南极大陆的科考人员提出了极其严峻的挑战,同时也为心理学研究提供了一个天然实验室.对于南极科考人员而言,多数人越冬期间会在不同程度上经历和承受"越冬综合症"和"四分之三现象",他们的积极心理经历和体验已经开始受到关注.文章重点介绍了有关南极科考人员可能出现的症状、适应特征、科考人员的人格特征以及站区文化对行为的影响等方面的研究结果,对现有研究存在的问题进行了初步探讨,提出了未来研究将会开展更广泛的国际化合作、聚焦环境、人格和行为三者的关系以及积极心理学在特殊环境中的重要作用等主题. 相似文献