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1.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
2.
The present study compared the number of severe life events and chronic adversities as reported retrospectively by mothers
of children with an anxiety disorder (n = 39) prior to the onset of their most recent episode, with controls (n = 39) matched for age and sex. The parent version of the Psychosocial Assessment of Childhood Experiences (PACE) was used
to assess chronic adversities (long-term experiences with negative impact on child) and severe life events (discrete life
events with high long-term threat). A significantly greater number of severe life events and chronic adversities were assessed
prior to onset for anxious children compared to controls. The finding for severe life events held regardless of whether impact
ratings were assigned by mothers or a panel of independent raters, suggesting the findings reflect actual as opposed to perceived
differences. Results suggest that both discrete and chronic stressors may constitute risk for future episodes of anxiety in
children.
相似文献
Jennifer L. AllenEmail: |
3.
Charmaine K. Higa Lisa K. Phillips Bruce F. Chorpita Eric L. Daleiden 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(4):261-271
Decades of research have examined the structure of self-consciousness in adults and its relationship to social anxiety. This
study examined the structure of self-consciousness via the Self-Consciousness Scales (Fenigstein et al., J. Consult. Clin.
Psychol. 43:522–527, 1975) in a school sample of 175 children and young adolescents (92 girls; mean age = 11.5). Confirmatory
factor analysis best supported a five-factor solution (Internal State Awareness, Self-Reflectiveness, Appearance Consciousness,
Style Consciousness and Social Anxiety). Although some factor based subscales evidenced low internal consistencies, convergent
and discriminant correlations with self-report measures of social phobia, negative affect, and positive affect as well as
parent-report measures of internalizing and externalizing problems provided additional support for the five-factor model.
Future studies should further examine the multidimensional nature as well as the developmental course of self-consciousness
and its relation to social anxiety longitudinally.
相似文献
Charmaine K. HigaEmail: |
4.
This study examined the relationships among perceived life satisfaction, perceptions of body weight, and dieting behaviors
among 522 college students. Adjusted multiple logistic regression analyses and multivariate models constructed separately
were utilized for this study. Perceptions of underweight and extreme worry over weight were significantly associated with
dissatisfaction with life for both males and females (p < 0.01). However, vomiting; perceptions of overweight; binge eating behavior; extreme worry over binge eating behavior; and
engaging in binge eating behavior for more than one year were significantly related to dissatisfaction with life for only
females (p < 0.01). In addition, both males and females were less likely to self-identify problematic disordered eating, with males
being particularly less likely to report concern over extreme dieting behaviors. Results suggest that carefully designed educational
and intervention efforts for college students with eating disorders must take gender differences into account. Programs for
males may need to differ from those for females in terms of recruitment, intervention integrity, and evaluation considerations.
相似文献
E. Scott HuebnerEmail: |
5.
We used data from a large, longitudinal study of children in the community, the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth
Development, to examine how well earlier measures of delay capacity, inhibitory control, planning, and attention predicted
symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) assessed in third grade. Children with elevated symptoms of both
inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity (n = 57) and with inattentive symptoms only (n = 80) were identified via mother and teacher reports using the “or” rule, as were children without significant symptoms (n = 790). Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that poorer performance on earlier measures of resistance to temptation,
delay of gratification, response inhibition, attention, and planning obtained from 36 months to 1st grade predicted membership
in the two symptom groups relative to the comparison group in 3rd grade, albeit with somewhat different patterns of predictors.
Controls for 36 month school readiness and externalizing symptoms indicated that these results were generally robust and not
an artifact of initial cognitive or behavioral differences. Implications for developmental models of ADHD are discussed.
相似文献
Susan B. CampbellEmail: |
6.
R. Enrique Varela Juan Jose Sanchez-Sosa Bridget K. Biggs Timothy M. Luis 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(2):132-145
The cross cultural equivalence of child (n = 217) and parent (n = 283) versions of the revised children’s manifest anxiety scale (RCMAS), multidimensional anxiety scale for children (MASC),
and the fear survey schedule for children—revised (FSSC-R) was examined in Mexican youth in Mexico, and Hispanic and white
European American youth in the USA. The RCMAS, MASC, and FSSC-R showed cross ethnic measurement equivalence. The Mexican and
Hispanic youth reported more worries, and the Mexican youth reported more somatic symptoms than the European American youth.
Per mother report, Mexican and Hispanic youth express more somatic symptoms than European American youth who also show the
least number of fears of the unknown and fears of danger and death. The results support the validity of commonly used child
anxiety measures with these populations and accrue evidence for greater anxiety and fear expression by Hispanic and Mexican
youth in certain domains.
相似文献
R. Enrique VarelaEmail: |
7.
Mark D. Rapport Jennifer Bolden Michael J. Kofler Dustin E. Sarver Joseph S. Raiker R. Matt Alderson 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(4):521-534
Hyperactivity is currently considered a core and ubiquitous feature of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however,
an alternative model challenges this premise and hypothesizes a functional relationship between working memory (WM) and activity
level. The current study investigated whether children’s activity level is functionally related to WM demands associated with
the domain-general central executive and subsidiary storage/rehearsal components using tasks based on Baddeley’s (Working memory, thought, and action. New York: Oxford University Press 2007) WM model. Activity level was objectively measured 16 times per second using wrist- and ankle-worn actigraphs while 23 boys
between 8 and 12 years of age completed control tasks and visuospatial/phonological WM tasks of increasing memory demands.
All children exhibited significantly higher activity rates under all WM relative to control conditions, and children with
ADHD (n = 12) moved significantly more than typically developing children (n = 11) under all conditions. Activity level in all children was associated with central executive but not storage/rehearsal
functioning, and higher activity rates exhibited by children with ADHD under control conditions were fully attenuated by removing
variance directly related to central executive processes.
相似文献
Mark D. RapportEmail: |
8.
Alecia Zalot Deborah J. Jones Carlye Kincaid Tasia Smith 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(4):535-549
This study replicated and extended prior research by examining neighborhood context as a moderator of the relation between
the constellation of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and attention (HIA) difficulties and conduct problems among African American
youth (11–16 years old; 55% girls) from single mother homes (N = 193). Using audio computer-assisted interview (ACASI) software, mother-child dyads provided ratings of HIA difficulties
and two domains of conduct problems: aggression and rule-breaking. In addition, both subjective (mother-report) and objective
(census data) indices of neighborhood context were assessed. Findings revealed that both subjective and objective indices
of neighborhood context moderated the relation between HIA and conduct problems, but the pattern of moderation differed depending
on the index and combination of reporters. Future research directions and implications of the findings are discussed.
相似文献
Tasia SmithEmail: |
9.
The present study examined the psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised
(EATQ-R), which is a scale for measuring reactive and regulative temperament traits, in a large sample of children and adolescents
(N = 1,055). The results indicated that the internal consistency was acceptable for most EATQ-R temperament scales. Further,
principal components analysis of the instrument yielded a structure with nine components, which generally reflected the temperament
scales of the EATQ-R. The test–retest stability of the scale was moderate to good, whereas the parent–child agreement was
rather low. Finally, the scale correlated in a theoretically meaningful way with children’s self-reports of personality and
psychopathology. It can be concluded that the EATQ-R is a useful scale for measuring aspects of reactive and regulative temperament
in children and adolescents, although there is certainly room for improving the instrument.
相似文献
Peter MurisEmail: |
10.
Past research has emphasised the importance of children’s appraisals of the threat posed by parent conflict for understanding
links between interparental conflict and child outcomes. However, little is known about what it is that children actually
find threatening about parent conflict. Children (n = 236) aged 10–16 years were recruited to examine the relative contribution of four specific threat subtypes—fear of parent
conflict escalating, fear of being drawn into parent conflict, fear of parent conflict resulting in family breakdown, and
fear of parent conflict disrupting parent/child attachment relationships—in explaining links between interparental conflict
and child internalising adjustment. Results showed that children’s worries about being drawn into parent conflict mediated
the relationship between interparental conflict and child internalising adjustment. Fear of interparental conflict disrupting
parent/child attachment bonds mediated the relationship between interparental conflict and child internalising problems for
girls, but not boys. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of considering multiple dimensions of threat for advancing
understanding of the processes underlying the interparental conflict/child adjustment relationship.
相似文献
Erin R. AtkinsonEmail: |
11.
Brad J. Nakamura Chad Ebesutani Adam Bernstein Bruce F. Chorpita 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(3):178-189
The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 6–18 (CBCL/6-18) possesses newly developed DSM-Oriented Scales, constructed through
expert clinical judgment to match selected categories for behavioral/emotional problems as described in the DSM-IV. The present
investigation examined the basic psychometric properties for all six DSM-Oriented Scales (i.e., Affective, Anxiety, Somatic,
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Oppositional, and Conduct Scales) in a large clinical sample of children and adolescents
(N = 673). Findings from the present study provide strong evidence for the reliability, as well as convergent and discriminative
validity, of these scales. It appears that the DSM-Oriented Scales may provide accurate supplementary information that may
be considered when formulating clinical diagnoses.
相似文献
Brad J. NakamuraEmail: |
12.
Influences of traits and assessment methods on human resource practitioners’ evaluations of job applicants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David J. Topor Stephen M. Colarelli Kyunghee Han 《Journal of business and psychology》2007,21(3):361-376
We examined human resource (HR) practitioners’ subjective evaluations of job applicants as a function of specific traits and
the assessment methods used to measure those traits. HR practitioners (N = 277) rated the hirability of a hypothetical job applicant who was described according to one trait (intelligence, conscientiousness,
or agreeableness) assessed by one method (interview, paper-and-pencil test, or assessment center). We found main effects for
trait and method as well as an interaction. HR practitioners gave highest hirability ratings to job applicants described as
conscientious and to those assessed by an interview. Job applicants evaluated on conscientiousness assessed by an interview
were rated more highly than all other combinations of trait and method.
相似文献
Stephen M. ColarelliEmail: |
13.
Christopher?A.?Flessner Douglas?W.?Woods Martin?E.?Franklin Susan?E.?Cashin Nancy?J.?Keuthen Trichotillomania Learning Center-Scientific Advisory Board 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(1):20-30
This article describes the development of the Milwaukee Inventory for Subtypes of Trichotillomania-Adult Version (MIST-A),
which was designed to assess “automatic” and “focused” pulling subtypes of trichotillomania (TTM). Participants reporting
symptoms of TTM (n = 1,697) completed an internet survey; participants were later randomly assigned to either Exploratory (n = 848) or Confirmatory (n = 849) Analyses. Exploratory Analyses examined the development and psychometric properties of the MIST-A. Results of an exploratory
factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution. Factor 1 (“focused” pulling scale) and 2 (“automatic” pulling scale) consisted
of ten and five items respectively, with both scales demonstrating adequate internal consistency and good construct and discriminant
validity. Subsequent confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated support for the scale’s underlying factor structure. The MIST-A
provides researchers with a reliable and valid assessment of “automatic” and “focused” pulling, although replication using
a clinically ascertained sample is necessary.
相似文献
Douglas W. WoodsEmail: |
14.
Bryan R. Loney Stevie N. Fowler Thomas E. Joiner 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(4):298-306
Prior research has documented an association between adolescent conduct problems and bulimic tendencies. However, there is
limited theoretical modeling to explain this association, and prior studies have generally failed to assess for potential
mediating variables of impulsivity, anxiety, and depression. The current study assessed these mediating variables in further
exploring for unique associations between adolescent conduct problems and bulimic tendencies. A non-referred adolescent sample
was assessed for bulimic tendencies, conduct problems, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression using a multi-informant assessment
battery including parent, teacher, and self-report measures. There was a significant bivariate association between conduct
problems and bulimic tendencies, r = 0.29, p < 0.01. However, this association was fully mediated by anxiety and depression symptoms. This suggests that emotional distress
could be a primary factor linking adolescent conduct problems and bulimic tendencies. Implications include the potential for
more regular screening of youth with conduct problems for associated eating disturbances.
相似文献
Bryan R. LoneyEmail: |
15.
Silvia R. Hepburn Thorsten Barnhofer J. Mark G. Williams 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(4):483-496
Most people believe that the future will bring them more good things than bad, and therefore have high hopes for the future
(MacLeod et al. Cogn Emot 10:69–85, 1996). However, many patients with mood disorders do not hold this positive belief about
the future. At the extreme, low expectations of positive outcomes in the future can lead to feelings of hopelessness (O’Connor
et al. Psychol Health Med 5:155–161, 2000). This paper aims to extend the literature on subjective probability of future events,
using a mood induction paradigm to examine the effects of transient mood change on perceived likelihood of future events in
a non-clinical community sample. Participants rated likelihood of future events from a standardized list and from their own
lives. Ratings were made in both normal and experimentally-induced positive or negative mood. Results show that self-generated
future events were perceived to be more likely than those from a standardized list, and that negative mood significantly biased
perceived likelihood of other-generated future events. Participants rating standardized list events saw positive outcomes
as less likely and negative outcomes as more likely in induced negative mood than they did in normal mood. Mood had no effect
on ratings of self-generated events. Possible directions for future research are discussed.
相似文献
Silvia R. HepburnEmail: |
16.
Marilyn Stern Suzanne E. Mazzeo Jerlym Porter Clarice Gerke Daphne Bryan Joseph Laver 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(3):217-228
Two studies investigated overweight in African American girls. First, African American adolescent girls (BMI was ≥ 85th percentile) and their mothers participated in focus groups addressing weight and eating. Although mothers and daughters shared some similar views on these issues, there were important discrepancies, with mothers expressing greater doubt about the potential success of a healthy weight program. The second study evaluated baseline data from 39 African American girls participating in a weight management program; mothers' reports were also analyzed. In both studies, adolescents reported significant teasing, and in the second study, teasing was inversely associated with social quality of life (β=.55, t=3.01, p=.007). Motivation to participate was positively associated with teasing (r=.50, p < .01). Self-esteem was inversely related to positive health habits (all p < .05). Mothers who viewed their daughters as having higher self-esteem were less concerned about their daughters' weight. Differences in mothers' and daughters' perceptions highlight the importance of a family approach in pediatric overweight interventions. Results provide evidence that overweight African American girls face significant weight stigmatization and suggest areas to target regarding intervention implementation.
相似文献
Marilyn SternEmail: |
17.
Carolyn E. Schwartz Penelope M. Keyl John P. Marcum Rita Bode 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(4):431-448
Objectives Adults who engage in altruistic social interest behaviors experience better mental health and have lower mortality rates
than non-altruistic adults. The present study investigated the relationship between altruism and health and well-being in
teens, and demographic and lifestyle variables. Methods A cross-sectional survey was implemented with a national sample of teens recruited through the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.).
Measures included the PedsQL, the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, and a new self-report scale of Altruism (subscales:
Receiving/ Providing Emotional Support, Family Helping Behavior, General Helping Behavior, and Helping Orientation). Results Data were collected from 457 teens (M age = 15.6, sd 1.2). Psychometric analyses revealed that a five-factor model fit the
altruism data well. Multivariate regression revealed no association between providing emotional support and psychosocial health.
There were, however, many associations between altruism and well-being, and differential associations by gender. Family helping
was the most salient aspect of altruism for males, showing associations with positive social relations, purpose in life, and
self-acceptance. For females, General Helping Behavior was associated with positive social relations, and Helping Orientation
was associated with better purpose in life. Family Helping was associated with better physical health in females, but not
for males. The only correlates of altruism were higher age, more physical activity, and engaging in positive religious coping.
Conclusions Altruism is positively associated with health for females and with well-being for both males and females. Different gender-specific
interventions to guide teens in doing more altruistic activities may have to be designed to capitalize on these different
associations.
相似文献
Carolyn E. SchwartzEmail: |
18.
We examined a brief program aimed at preventing anxiety and other problems in early childhood. Participants (N = 734, age 3–6 years) were drawn from 25 preschools across Brisbane, Australia. Assessments occurred four times over 14 months,
with a diagnostic interview at follow-up. Parent and teacher reports included information on child temperament, social behavior,
inhibition, parent characteristics, and parent-child interactions. REACH for RESILIENCE, a universal prevention program developed
for this study, consisted of a six-session training program for parents focusing on building positive expectations and social
competency in children. Parents rated the program positively and attended well, especially highly stressed parents who thus
became over-represented in the treatment group as time progressed. Despite this difficulty with interpreting results, the
intervention resulted in decreases in child problems via teacher report for both internalizing and externalizing problems.
However, the effect sizes were not impressive and no changes were noted in parent’s diagnostic ratings. Results, directions
for further research, and refinement of methods are discussed.
相似文献
Janet H. RothEmail: |
19.
Jungmeen Kim John R. Nesselroade Michael E. McCullough 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(2):87-100
Intraindividual patterns of time-lagged relationships among self-reports of worldviews/religious beliefs, self-concept, and
physical and psychological well-being were investigated. Participants were older adults (mean age = 77 years) who were measured
weekly covering a total of 25 weeks. Dynamic Factor Models were fitted to multivariate repeated measures data pooled over
subsets of participants. The results showed significant time-lagged cross-factor relationships suggesting that worldviews/religious
beliefs had a significant direct effect on self-concept and physical health over 2 weeks. For each factor series, there were
substantial autoregressive effects indicating persisting effects of factors on themselves over 1 or 2 weeks. A link between
worldviews/religious beliefs and physical health was found in the time-lagged structure of within-person variability. The
findings underscore the need to study both intraindividual change and interindividual differences in intraindividual variability
to obtain a better understanding of behavior and behavioral development.
相似文献
Jungmeen KimEmail: |
20.
This study set out to examine children’s notions of the malleability of their academic competencies and the relations of these
notions to the child’s grade-level and gender and the parent’s educational level. In interviews of a total of 103 boys and
girls of the third and the sixth grade, children of academically and vocationally educated parents were asked to rate their
potential for improving their competencies in mathematics and Finnish. The children were asked to use intrapersonal and normative
criteria in their ratings. The ratings were found to form distinct domains of the notions of malleability, as they did not
correlate with each other. The children’s ratings of their current competencies, i.e. their academic self-concepts, turned
out to be related to their normative ratings of the malleability of their competencies. The findings further suggested that
the children’s notions of the malleability of their academic competencies became more pessimistic in the course of their school
years.
相似文献
Kati KasanenEmail: |