The Strength of \"Creative Impulse\" in the Aftermath of Trauma Discussion of 'I Made a Picture of My Life—a Life from the Picture' by Pirkko Siltala

Abstract

The author presents aspects of the relationship between Freud and Ferenczi, and between the members of Freud's inner circle as it appears in their correspondence, to illustrate the correspondences as well as the non-correspondences and conflicts which arose among them.     

完美主义研究综述

本文在对完美主义的概念、测评工具予以介绍的基础上,回顾了临床完美主义与心理病理学的相关研究,并针对完美主义的测评工具提出了需要进一步深入研究的问题。     

论死亡教育的心理健康价值取向

立足构成"生命"重要部分的"死亡",通过死亡教育和心理健康教育在内容、功能目标和课程实施上的比较研究,论证死亡教育促进人的心理健康和提升人的心理品质的价值和作为心理健康教育途径的可能性与现实性.     

The effect of additional variables on factor indeterminacy in models with a single common factor

Determinate solutions for the indeterminate common factor ofp variables satisfying the single common factor model are not unique. Therefore an infinite sequence of additional variables that conform jointly with the originalp variables to the original single common factor model does not determine a unique solution for the indeterminate factor of thep variables (although the solution is unique for the factor of the infinite sequence). Other infinite sequences may be found to determine different solutions for the factor of the originalp variables. The paper discusses a number of theorems about the effects of additional variables on factor indeterminacy in a model with a single common factor and draws conclusions from them for factor theory in general.     

Commentary on Meehl

The classic article by Meehl (1978) raises fundamental issues regarding the viability of theorizing in the “soft” psychological sciences and the weakness of statistical significance testing in appraising the validity of the field’s theories. These concerns are as valid today as they were a quarter of a century ago. Despite the lack of clear progress that has been made in terms of theory building, I raise several examples from developmental psychopathology research that reveal progress in the field’s conceptual and methodologic rigor, including the testing of genotype by environment interactions, the statistical advances driving longitudinal research, and the use of intervention and prevention trials to address questions of etiology and mechanisms related to psychopathology.     

自我损耗对工作场所安全的影响及缓解途径

员工安全行为是工作场所安全的重要保障,而自我控制资源损耗会对安全行为产生负面影响。研究拟借鉴自我控制资源有限模型,结合行为和生理指标,探讨工作要求和辱虐管理通过损耗个体自我控制资源对安全行为的影响,并从特质自我控制和自动化安全趋近倾向两个角度探索上述效应的缓解机制。此外,研究拟采用心率变异性作为自我损耗的生理测量。研究有助于从自我控制资源的角度理解员工不安全行为的影响因素、发生机制和缓解方法。     

Interpreting cross-sectional data on stages of change

Abstract

The vast majority of studies investigating stage theories of health behaviour such as the transtheoretical model have used a cross-sectional research design. Participants are classified into stages and compared on theoretically relevant variables. This paper discusses the proper interpretation of cross-sectional data on stages of change. Linear patterns are not consistent with the stage model assumption that different causal factors are important at different stages but discontinuity patterns (patterns that do not show consistent increments or decrements across stages) can be diagnostic of a stage model. Researchers who use cross-sectional designs should specify predictions concerning the patterns to be expected under a stage model and under possible rival models, and interpret their data accordingly. Wherever possible, they should conduct prospective longitudinal and experimental studies which enable stronger inferences to be drawn.     

不同适应水平小学生情境投射反应比较--小学生自我调节机制的一项研究

本研究选取发展良好与适应不良的三—-五年级小学生为被试,用完成句子的形式进行投射测验,以比较分析被试对于句子呈现情境的主观意义感受特征。结果表明,两组被试在学习任务完成后的体验、集体的地位感和人际交往的亲和性与支持感等方面主观意义感受存在明显的差异。数项结果分析显示,适应不良的被试可能存在着两种类型的反应。     

Shedding Light on the Relationship Between Personal Standards and Psychopathology: The Case for Contingent Self-Worth

Previous research has revealed some puzzling inconsistencies in the relationship of Personal Standards (PS) to measures of psychopathology. This study was designed to explore the hypothesis that setting high Personal Standards will relate to psychopathology only when meeting these standards is a necessary condition for a sense of self-worth. We generated items that reflected a sense of conditional self-worth based on the meeting of Personal Standards and named this measure the Contingent Self-Worth Scale (CSWS). Factor analysis of the CSWS and the PS subscale of the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale yielded three types of Personal Standards: Pure Personal Standards," Success-Based Self-Worth," and Activity-Based Self-Worth." Two of the original PS items did not load on the Pure Personal Standards scale. Correlational analyses revealed that Pure Personal Standards was related to measures of adaptive outcome whereas both measures of Contingent Self-Worth were related to more maladaptive functioning, although with some small differences. We call for further research to explore the relationship of PS to the construct of perfectionism.     

No indication that the ego depletion manipulation can affect insight: a comment on DeCaro and Van Stockum (2018)

Abstract

Recently, DeCaro and Van Stockum have suggested that ego depletion following intensive self-control can improve insight problem-solving; this finding was interpreted in terms of insight relying on decreased control over attention and memory. However, DeCaro and Van Stockum used three variants of the single matchstick arithmetic problem. Experiment 1 involved low sample and non-standard problem application, while the more powered Experiment 2 yielded a surprisingly low solution rate. These facts made both studies problematic and called for their replication. In the two present studies, the DeCaro and Van Stockum ego-depletion manipulation and their matchstick problems were administered to a total of 316 people. Furthermore, various other insight problems, subjective ratings of insight experience, analytical problems and executive control tests were applied. The key result was that no reliable effect of ego depletion could be found for any of these measures.     

楚简《周易》校释记(一)

论文探讨了楚简<周易>蒙、需、讼、师、比、大有、谦七卦的异文,指出"需"字在楚简中实际作"俟",应该是取本义"须待".楚简"惖"作" ",应训为止息.楚简"出事",即"出迕事"、作逆事,也就是"讼".楚简本的" ",较之王弼本、帛书<易经>本及帛书易传<昭力>所引之"次",更近于本字."原筮",即恕免他人的折败.爻辞"厥孚交如,威如,吉",是说其誠信像太阳一样明亮,象父老一样有威望,为人所信服,就会吉利.王弼本的"征邑国",楚简本作"征邦"是有来源的.汉人避汉高祖刘邦讳改"邦"为"国",而"邑"疑从"邦"字"邑"旁来,原本当从楚简本作"征邦".     

The effect of stressor severity on outcome following group debriefing

This analogue study reports data on the efficacy of group debriefing in the mitigation of distress for a stressful video, which had two levels of severity. It also provides a new procedure for use in experimental psychopathology studies. One hundred and nineteen participants were shown one of two stressful videos and, subsequently, 67 participants received group debriefing whilst 52 participants acted as a control. A statistical difference was found between the two groups for level of distress at follow-up, with those who had watched the more stressful video scoring higher on video distress and trauma-type symptomatology than those who watched the less stressful video. This was particularly the case for those who received debriefing -- adding further caution to the longer-term effects of systematised group interventions following harrowing events.     

自我损耗对运动表现影响的元分析

运用元分析方法考察自我损耗对运动表现影响及其调节变量。通过中英文文献搜索,共纳入31篇文献和37个效应量,总样本量为1613。结果:(1)总体效应量检验发现,运动任务中的自我损耗为中等效应量,d=0.55,95%CI为[0.39,0.71];由于存在发表偏倚性,该中等效应量可能会被高估。(2)调节变量检验发现,自我损耗效应量较少受研究对象来源、研究对象类型和运动任务类型的影响;但受损耗任务类型和技能型任务中压力情境的影响。(3)执行运动任务时,主观体力感、心率和肌电等指标不存在自我损耗效应。这些研究结果支持了自我控制的力量模型具有普遍适用性,自我控制资源的领域普遍性以及自我控制的力量模型与注意控制理论整合的观点。未来研究应严格控制实验条件、拓展运动任务中自我损耗应对和自我控制训练的研究。     

The Fort Bragg managed care experiment: Short term impact on psychopathology

Many concerns have been raised about mental health services for children and adolescents. These concerns have included not treating those in need and providing inappropriate services to those who are treated. The continuum of care philosophy purports to remedy these problems by offering a comprehensive and coordinated range of services emphasizing community-based treatment. Services in the continuum include alternatives to trditional restrictive forms of care such as hospitalization. The provision of more appropriate care is hypothesized to improve the clinical outcomes of children treated in a continuum of care. The Fort Bragg Evaluation compared quality, use, outcome, and cost of the continuum of care model to a more traditional, fragmented system of care. This paper presents the effects of a service delivery system on short term psychopathology outcomes.     

关于感觉的几点思考

通过对感觉定义的分析,发现动物及不具备语言能力或相应生活经验的婴幼儿是不具备感觉能力的,而这显然是不正确的。究其实质,传统意义上的感觉或认知心理学中的感觉等当属于意识的范畴,而这与感觉是最低级的心理现象这一认识相矛盾,最后指出有必要对感觉进行重新规范     

试论西方萨满教研究的变迁

西方萨满教研究大体经历了魔鬼化、骗子化、精神病理学化、普遍化、理想化、多样化等几个发展阶段,文章分析了这几个阶段的主要表现,并对西方萨满教历史研究特点进行了反思。     

Reflections on knowledge and experience

As analysts become more experienced, theoretical knowledge becomes more integrated and implicit and is gradually transformed into the practical wisdom (phronesis) described by Aristotle. While this leads to greater freedom in ways of working, it remains conditional on the consistent disciplined practice represented by the analytic attitude. In the context of my own development as an analyst, I suggest that increasingly the analyst works from the self rather than the ego and link this with Fordham's account of ‘not knowing beforehand’. Some implications for boundaries, enactment and the use of personal disclosure are discussed in relation to clinical material. I compare analysis with the wisdom traditions of religious practice and suggest that analysis is concerned with a way of living rooted in humane values of compassion and benevolence.