论伊斯兰世界的犹太人

犹太人无国度而幸存千年现象成为学者研究的一个"谜".本文以伊斯兰世界崛起时犹太人为研究切入点,梳理伊斯兰世界犹太人的社会组织、经济生活和文化历史,揭示犹太-穆斯林文化的跨文化关系.这两种文化不断交融,互助共生,创造了犹太历史上最发达的物质文明和最伟大的文化遗产,架起了古代和现代之间的一座宏伟的桥梁,从一个侧面解析犹太人幸存之"谜".     

One Question,Two Answers: Rabbinic Responsa as Legal Advocacy in the Medieval Islamic World

Jewish law has long faced the problem of individual litigants seeking multiple answers to a single halakhic question in order to select what they found to be the most favorable ruling. In this article, I examine the role that forum shopping for legal opinions played in the Jewish community of the medieval Islamic world. Individuals often made recourse to multiple juristic authorities, whether those authorities were leaders serving the geonic academies of Babylonia and the land of Israel or local jurists. I discuss some of the strategies the geonim and local jurists used to reduce competition between judicial rulings and how local judges utilized the various responsa composed on their behalf by these authorities or presented to them by litigants to bolster their case before the Jewish court. In so doing, I aim to refine our understanding of the social and legal role of rabbinic responsa in the medieval Islamic world by suggesting that this literature served as expert testimony to support one side or the other in a particular case rather than as the definitive record of the court’s ruling in that case.     

释“顺民”:犹太人在伊斯兰世界中的法律和社会地位

犹太人在伊斯兰教法中属于"顺民".<欧麦尔条约>是伊斯兰传统规范"顺民"地位最基本的文件,它反映了穆斯林和信仰其他一神教的非穆斯林之间的一种契约关系:犹太人和基督徒只要接受条约中的限制性条款就享有宗教自由.在不同历史时期,条约得到力度不同的执行,由此引发了西方学界对犹太人在伊斯兰世界流散的两种不同评价.     

A Medieval Feminist Critique of the Chinese World Order: The Case of Wu Zhao (r. 690–705)

Medieval Chinese held that the circumscribed social space women might inhabit in life was encoded in the nature of their bodies. Gender conceptions common to China’s three religions—Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism—confirmed that women were allied to the passive and inner. Accounts of the only woman in Chinese history to occupy the throne in her own name, Wu Zhao, follow Chinese historians in portraying her as contravening this cosmology. Drawing on recent studies of the religious history of the body, I argue instead that Wu Zhao constructed a legitimizing strategy that took seriously, in ways not contemplated before, these fundamental tenets of Chinese religion.     

Social Robotics,Education, and Religion in the Islamic World: An Iranian Perspective

Science and Engineering Ethics - The social impact of robotics applied to domains such as education, religion, nursing, and therapy across the world depends on the level of technology as well as...     

Recent Books in ≡ Islamic Studies

Books reviewed in this article:
N. Robinson, Islam: A Concise Introduction
J. Renard, Responses to 101 Questions on Islam
J. Bowker, What Muslims Believe
B. Abrahamov, Islamic Theology: Traditionalism and Rationalism
E. Sirriyeh, Sufis and Anti-Sufis     

Islamic mission and call: The case of the International Islamic University,Islamabad

The following paper begins with an outline of the motives for da^cwah as presented by the du^cat themselves, followed by a discussion of the significance of mission in Pakistan. The International Islamic University and its da'wah wing is documented in detail, with a focus on its ideological foundations and its objectives. The main part of the paper is devoted to how the Da^cwah Academy tries to conduct its programmes among different target groups, especially students, and how it acts at the international level using workshops and various media.     

The Medieval Commentary Tradition:

No abstract available for this article.     

Forgiveness in The Arab and Islamic Contexts

This essay explores the current and historical meaning of forgiveness in Arab and Islamic cultural and religious contexts. It also hopes to encourage further empirical research on this understudied topic in both religious and peacebuilding studies. In addition to the perceived meaning of forgiveness in an Arab Islamic context, this essay examines the links between forgiveness and reconciliation. Relying on religious sources including the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as certain events in Islamic history, the essay identifies various ways to conceptualize and explain the meaning of forgiveness. This theoretical and conceptual segment is followed by a section which explores current perceptions of forgiveness among Arab Muslim teachers in five different communities. The empirical data for this analysis is based on a larger comparative regional study that has been completed through surveys and structured interviews with educators from Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, and Palestinians from the West Bank and Israel. Our study concluded that the teachers' perceptions of forgiveness were mainly derived from religious sources and identities and that Islamic religious discourse provided a solid foundation for framing the meaning of forgiveness.