共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Thomas H. Ollendick Matthew A. Jarrett Jennifer C Wolff Angela Scarpa 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(1):51-59
The current study examined cross-informant agreement and clinical utility of parent and teacher ratings of reactive and proactive
aggression (two functions of aggression) in the prediction of aggressive and rule-breaking behavior (two forms of aggressive
behavior) in a clinically-heterogeneous referred sample. Reactive and proactive measures were significantly related to one
another within informant. Furthermore, the reactive and proactive measures of aggression were significantly related across
informants and resulted in differential predictions of emotion-focused aggressive and goal-directed rule-breaking behaviors
in home and school settings. Both reactive and proactive functions of aggression predicted aggressive acts that were more
emotion-focused, whereas only the proactive function of aggression predicted instrumental acts of aggression. The current
findings suggest that setting-specific reports of functions and forms of aggressive behavior are valuable and that it may
be premature to abandon the reactive and proactive aggression distinction.
相似文献
Thomas H. OllendickEmail: |
2.
A Longitudinal Study of Relational Aggression, Physical Aggression, and Children's Social–Psychological Adjustment 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Nicki R. Crick Jamie M. Ostrov Nicole E. Werner 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2006,34(2):127-138
Although great strides have recently been made in our understanding of relational aggression and its consequences, one significant limitation has been the lack of prospective studies. The present research addressed this issue by identifying and assessing groups of relationally aggressive, physically aggressive, relationally plus physically aggressive (co-morbid), and nonaggressive children during their third grade year in elementary school and then reassessing them a year later, during fourth-grade (N = 224, 113 girls). Two aspects of social–psychological adjustment were assessed during both assessment periods including internalizing difficulties (i.e., withdrawal, depression/anxiety, and somatic complaints) and externalizing problems (i.e., aggressive behavior, delinquency). It was revealed that the strongest predictor of future social–psychological adjustment problems and increases in these problems from third to fourth was the combination of relational and physical aggression. Relational aggression also contributed unique information, relative to physical aggression, in the prediction of future maladjustment. Implications of these findings for future research and prevention efforts, particularly for aggressive girls, are discussed.
相似文献
Nicki R. CrickEmail: |
3.
Rolf Loeber Dustin A. Pardini Alison Hipwell Magda Stouthamer-Loeber Kate Keenan Mark A. Sembower 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):777-791
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls (N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
相似文献
Rolf Loeber (Corresponding author)Email: |
Dustin A. PardiniEmail: |
Alison HipwellEmail: |
Magda Stouthamer-LoeberEmail: |
Kate KeenanEmail: |
Mark A. SembowerEmail: |
4.
Thomas F. Denson Emma C. Fabiansson J. David Creswell William C. Pedersen 《Motivation and emotion》2009,33(1):42-48
Emerging research suggests that rumination increases risk for negative health outcomes. In the first experiment to investigate
cortisol responses during angry rumination, participants were provoked and induced to engage in self-focused rumination, provocation-focused
rumination, or distraction. Consistent with social threat theory, self-focused rumination maintained high levels of cortisol
following provocation, whereas provocation-focused rumination and distraction facilitated decreases in cortisol. However,
even within the provocation-focused rumination condition, adopting an emotionally reactive, self-immersed perspective was
associated with higher levels of cortisol as were thoughts about the self. Individual differences in displaced aggression
but not general aggression were also positively associated with cortisol levels in the provocation-focused condition. The
present findings shed light on rumination styles and cortisol responses in ways that may have long-term consequences for health
and well-being.
相似文献
Thomas F. DensonEmail: |
5.
Christopher Hitchcock 《Philosophical Studies》2009,144(3):391-401
Hall [(2007), Philosophical Studies, 132, 109–136] offers a critique of structural equations accounts of actual causation, and then offers a new theory of his own.
In this paper, I respond to Hall’s critique, and present some counterexamples to his new theory. These counterexamples are
then diagnosed.
相似文献
Christopher HitchcockEmail: |
6.
This study evaluates a pathway for depressive risk that integrates cognitive diathesis-stress and stress-generation theories,
following Hankin and Abramson’s (2001, Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 31(4), 491-504) elaborated cognitive-diathesis transactional stress model. In this model, young adolescents with initial depressive
symptoms were hypothesised to experience later stressors that were at least partly dependent on their behaviour. The interaction
of cognitive vulnerability, a tendency to make depressogenic attributions and to ruminate, with these dependent stressors
was then hypothesised to predict depressive symptoms after 6 months. This model was supported in a sample of 756 young adolescents,
with cognitive style and dependent stressors partly mediating the relationship between initial and subsequent depressive symptoms.
Cognitive vulnerability was also linked with an increased likelihood of dependent stressors.
相似文献
Amy KercherEmail: |
7.
The current study examined whether proactive and reactive aggression were associated with the risk for initiation of substance
use from fourth to ninth grade in a sample of 126 aggressive children (66% male). In addition, the study examined whether
these functions of aggression increased risk for initiation via peer delinquency and peer rejection. Proactive aggression
was marginally significantly directly associated with risk for initiation of alcohol use and indirectly associated with risk
for initiation of marijuana and tobacco use through peer delinquency. Reactive aggression was associated with increased risk
for initiation of tobacco and marijuana use through a complex chain that included both peer rejection and peer delinquency.
However, high levels of reactive aggression that did not lead to peer rejection were negatively associated with risk for initiation
of tobacco and marijuana use. Implications for intervention are discussed.
相似文献
Paula J. FiteEmail: Email: |
8.
The major purpose of this paper is to propose a comprehensive model describing the effects of response sets within the theory
framework of the stages of responding to questionnaires, and taking into account the effects of collectivist and individualist
attributes within cross-cultural contexts. The introduction of this model aims to provide a construct that may help minimize
biases in questionnaire-based research as well as providing new directions for theoretical and empirical research in the field
of response sets.
相似文献
Robyn DixonEmail: |
9.
Adam Pautz 《Philosophical Studies》2008,138(3):335-347
I develop a problem for the Fregean Reference Shift analysis of that-clause reference. The problem is discussed by Stephen
Schiffer in his recent book The Things We Mean (2003). Either the defender of the Fregean Reference Shift analysis must count certain counterintuitive inferences as valid, or
else he must reject a plausible Exportation rule. I consider several responses. I find that the best response relies on a
Kaplan-inspired analysis of quantified belief reports. But I argue that this response faces some serious problems.
相似文献
Adam PautzEmail: |
10.
The recent, influential Social Intuitionist Model of moral judgment (Haidt, Psychological Review 108, 814–834, 2001) proposes a primary role for fast, automatic and affectively charged moral intuitions in the formation of moral judgments.
Haidt’s research challenges our normative conception of ourselves as agents capable of grasping and responding to reasons.
We argue that there can be no ‘real’ moral judgments in the absence of a capacity for reflective shaping and endorsement of
moral judgments. However, we suggest that the empirical literature indicates a complex interplay between automatic and deliberative
mental processes in moral judgment formation, with the latter constraining the expression and influence of moral intuitions.
We therefore conclude that the psychological literature supports a normative conception of agency.
相似文献
Jeanette KennettEmail: |
11.
Jeffrey Dunn 《Philosophical Studies》2008,139(3):367-393
Finding disjunctivist versions of direct realism unexplanatory, Mark Johnston [(2004). Philosophical Studies, 120, 113–183] offers a non-disjunctive version of direct realism in its place and gives a defense of this view from the problem
of hallucination. I will attempt to clarify the view that he presents and then argue that, once clarified, it either does
not escape the problem of hallucination or does not look much like direct realism.
相似文献
Jeffrey DunnEmail: |
12.
Hroar Klempe 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2009,43(3):260-266
Music is to a large extent understood as if it is a language. This is also true when it comes to the recently published book
Communicative Musicality edited by Stephen Malloch and Colwyn Trevarthen (2009a). In this essay it is demonstrated that a lingocentric understanding of music is strongly connected to modernity, but also
that early experimental psychology presupposed a distinction between music and language. Polyphony, therefore, is here presented
as a characteristic for the musical system.
相似文献
Hroar KlempeEmail: |
13.
Ben Saunders 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(3):279-290
The three most common responses to Taurek’s ‘numbers problem’ are saving the greater number, equal chance lotteries and weighted
lotteries. Weighted lotteries have perhaps received the least support, having been criticized by Scanlon What We Owe to Each
Other (1998) and Hirose ‘Fairness in Life and Death Cases’ (2007). This article considers these objections in turn, and argues that they do not succeed in refuting the fairness of a weighted
lottery, which remains a potential solution to cases of conflict. Moreover, it shows how these responses actually lead to
a new argument for weighted lotteries, appealing to fairness and Pareto-optimality.
相似文献
Ben SaundersEmail: |
14.
Richard A. Faldowski 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2009,43(3):253-259
Using the article by von Eye and colleagues as a springboard, this commentary considers a variety of challenges to valid exploration
of mediation processes. Along the way, a several alternatives for reinserting the individual back into mediation processes
are entertained. The configural frequency approach to mediation analyses proposed by von Eye et al. (Integrative Psychological
& Behavioral Science 43(3), 2009) represents a major step toward this objective. Idiographic approaches are proposed as the next step in the progression toward
individual-centered mediation analyses.
相似文献
Richard A. FaldowskiEmail: |
15.
Ohlsson S 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2007,41(1):28-34
Out of the eight points of methodological criticism against contemporary psychology formulated by Watson (Psychological Bulletin
31:755–776, 1934) and put forward by Toomela in this issue, the overemphasis on prediction, the neglect of individual differences, the habit
of the differences between the mental states of subjects in objective experimental conditions are particularly important.
Modern cognitive psychology has began to remedy those problems, in part by proposing broad, integrative theories. It is not
useful to subdivide psychology into “schools of thought” defined by their methodological practices.
相似文献
Stellan OhlssonEmail: |
16.
Phenomenology of the body and the third generation of cognitive science, both of which attribute a central role in human cognition
to the body rather than to the Cartesian notion of representation, face the criticism that higher-level cognition cannot be
fully grasped by those studies. The problem here is how explicit representations, consciousness, and thoughts issue from perception
and the body, and how they cooperate in human cognition. In order to address this problem, we propose a research program,
a cognitive phenomenology of the body, which is basically motivated by the perspective of Merleau-Ponty. We find a substantial clue in developmental psychological
studies on the body and language.
相似文献
Shoji Nagataki (Corresponding author)Email: |
Satoru HiroseEmail: |
17.
Miki Takasuna 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2007,41(1):114-119
Here I respond to comments and questions raised in commentary papers (Castro and Lafuente, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral
Science, 42, 2007; Charles, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 42, 2007; Woodward and Hetley, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science, 42, 2007) and address three issues not discussed on my previous paper: (1) the historiography used in the history of Japanese psychology,
(2) the first generation of Japanese women psychologists to flesh out the history of psychology in Japan, and (3) how applied
psychology and psychical research existed in the early phase of psychology in Japan. Consequently, this paper, together with
the previous one, provides a broader picture of the development of psychology in Japan.
相似文献
Miki TakasunaEmail: |
18.
Guy Fletcher 《Philosophia》2009,37(1):149-152
Despite its apparent ubiquity, philosophers have not talked much about sentimental value. One exception is Anthony Hatzimoysis
(The Philosophical Quarterly 53:373–379, 2003). Those who wish to take sentimental value seriously are likely to make use of Christine Korsgaard’s ideas on two distinctions
in value. In this paper I show that Hatzimoysis has misrendered Korsgaard’s insight in his discussion of sentimental value.
I begin by briefly summarising Korsgaard’s idea before showing how Hatzimoysis’ treatment of it is mistaken.
相似文献
Guy FletcherEmail: |
19.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
相似文献
Bernd BuldtEmail: |
Benedikt L?we (Corresponding author)Email: |
Thomas MüllerEmail: |
20.
Steven R. H. Beach Nader Amir 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2006,28(3):169-176
Using the Sample-specific simulation method proposed by J. Ruscio, A. M. Ruscio, and T. M. Keane (2004), the S. R. H. Beach and N. Amir (2003) data are re-analyzed. The results for the MAXEIG and MAMBAC procedures are compared across simulated dimensional, simulated taxonic, and original distributions. The comparison indicates that depression is taxonic in the S. R. H. Beach and N. Amir (2003) sample but has a lower base (.06) than previously reported. This result indicates the need to use a relatively high cut point on total Beck Depression Inventory (i.e., BDI>21; A. T. Beck, 1978) when creating groups using the BDI. That is, the data support the presence of a discontinuity between “depressed” and “nondepressed” undergraduates at a relatively high level of depressive symptomatology. At the same time, it is noted that researchers should remain cautious about the interpretation of taxometric procedures used with low base rate taxa until they have been further investigated using Monte Carlo simulations.
相似文献
Steven R. H. BeachEmail: |