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情绪社会信息模型(Emotions as Social Information Model,EASI)是从情绪社会功能研究取向发展而来,它扩展了传统的情绪个人效应研究,构建了一个统一的情绪社会功能研究框架。EASI模型以情绪的信息功能为理论核心,认为情绪通过引发观察者的情感反应和推理过程两条路径来影响他们的行为,且情感反应和推理过程对观察者行为的预测能力还取决于观察者的信息加工的动机和社会情境因素这两个调节变量。新近研究为EASI模型提供了证据,证明了EASI模型在某些情境中可以有效预测情绪对人际效应的作用。未来的研究还需深入探讨东方文化对情绪推理内容形成的影响机制、混合、模糊以及动态情绪的系统研究、EASI模型在不同社会情境下的适用性以及情绪人际效应和相关学科的应用拓展。 相似文献
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儿童社会信息加工的情绪-认知整合模型 总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6
回顾与总结了社会认知中情绪过程对儿童社会能力发展作用的研究成果,探讨了社会信息加工过程中情绪过程和认知的关系问题。发现就个人--社会决策活动而言,情绪过程具有核心作用。并且由此介绍了社会情绪--认知整合模型及其对情绪过程的理解。在此基础上,重点综述了情绪过程在社会情境中对儿童社会信息的线索编码与解释、目标分类、反应提取与决定及行为实施的影响。 相似文献
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文本阅读中情境模型建构和更新的机制 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8
采用移动窗口阅读技术探讨了文本阅读中情境模型建构和更新的机制。实验材料按照特征描述与目标行为 的关系总体上分为可能、不可能和重新可能三个版本。实验1主要探讨了文章开始部分有明显的焦点信息时情境模 型建构和更新的机制,检验了更新追随假设的合理性;实验2主要探讨了文章开始部分没有明显的焦点信息时情境 模型建构和更新的机制,检验了记忆基础文本加工理论的合理性;实验3使用再认探测任务,进一步检验了更新追 随假设和记忆基础文本加工理论的差异。实验结果表明,文本阅读中情境模型的建构和更新是一个双加工过程,在 自然阅读过程中,读者根据所阅读的信息不同会产生不同的信息加工活动,既会有记忆基础文本加工理论所支持的 协调性整合,也会有建构主义的更新追随假设所支持的焦点整合 相似文献
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攻击行为社会信息加工模型与道德领域理论的整合 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
儿童攻击行为研究中Dodge等人提出的社会信息加工模型,强调社会交互作用情境下个体的信息加工过程与后来的社会行为之间的联系,对于信息加工所依据的数据库则缺乏系统的阐述。领域理论源于对道德认知的思考,将个体的社会知识分为道德、常规和个人三个领域,强调个体在领域认同标准和领域混合事件推理上的差异。Arsenio和Lemerise在情绪与社会信息加工模型整合的基础上,提出借鉴领域理论来说明数据库的内部结构以及其中的社会知识对于信息加工的影响。这些整合体现了认知和情绪在社会行为加工和决策过程中的交互作用,有利于说明存储在长时记忆中的社会知识之间的联系及作用,引发了对各种形式的内部心理成分的理论思考和多个实证研究方向,也为心理研究其他方面的整合工作提供了值得借鉴的研究思路 相似文献
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视觉情境范式是一种通过追踪、测量人眼在视觉物体上的注视轨迹来研究实时口语加工的眼动实验范式。该范式运用于语言理解类研究的理论基础是眼动连接假设(如:协同互动理论、基于目标的连接假设理论等),这些连接假设在眼动轨迹与口语加工进程之间建立起了有意义的关联。使用视觉情境范式所获取的数据能够为口语加工提供精确的时间信息,常用的数据分析方法包括:时间兴趣区内注视比例均值分析、分叉点分析、生长曲线分析等。该范式为研究词汇语音识别、句法解歧、语义理解、语篇语用信息加工等问题提供了关键性证据。 相似文献
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课文表征研究新进展:从命题表征到情境模型 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
自Kintsch等人提出课理解的命题表征理论以来,研究对不同层次的表征水平进行了大量的考察。近年来的研究热点和争论主要集中在命题表征和情境模型的关系以及情境模型自身的结构和加工上。该简要介绍了这一领域研究的新进展。 相似文献
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自Kintsch等人提出课文理解的命题表征理论以来,研究者对不同层次的表征水平进行了大量的考察。近年来的研究热点和争论主要集中在命题表征和情境模型的关系以及情境模型自身的结构和加工上。该文简要介绍了这一领域研究的新进展。 相似文献
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The information one acquires in daily life concerns specific people and events about which one has prior knowledge. A theory of social cognition is proposed to account for the comprehension and verification of such information. The theory views comprehension as a process of constructing situation models of new information on the basis of previously formed models about its referents. The theory specifies the conditions in which statements about familiar people and events (e.g., "Jane Fonda does aerobics") are spontaneously recognized as true or false in the process of comprehending them. It further specifies the conditions in which these spontaneous validity judgments of a statement will influence perceptions of its implications when the statement is made in a social context. The comprehension of both single statements and multiple pieces of information in combination is considered. 相似文献
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The present study demonstrates that children experience difficulties reaching the correct situation model of multiple events described in temporal sentences if the sentences encode language-external events in reverse chronological order. Importantly, the timing of the cue of how to organize these events is crucial: When temporal subordinate conjunctions (before/after) or converb constructions that carry information of how to organize the events were given sentence-medially, children experienced severe difficulties in arriving at the correct interpretation of event order. When this information was provided sentence-initially, children were better able to arrive at the correct situation model, even if it required them to decode the linguistic information reversely with respect to the actual language external events. This indicates that children even aged 8-12 still experience difficulties in arriving at the correct interpretation of the event structure, if the cue of how to order the events is not given immediately when they start building the representation of the situation. This suggests that children's difficulties in comprehending sequential temporal events are caused by their inability to revise the representation of the current event structure at the level of the situation model. 相似文献
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In comprehending a sentence, people normally try to identify the objects, events, and states referred to by its definite noun phrases. In Experiment 1, subjects took less time comprehending a sentence when the referents of such noun phrases were mentioned one sentence back than when they were mentioned two or three sentences back. There appeared to be a discontinuity between the first and second sentences back. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that it was most likely the first clause back, not the first sentence back, that was critical. These findings suggest that, independent of other factors, the last clause processed grants the entities it mentions a privileged place in working memory. They are readily available to be referred to by nouns and pronouns. 相似文献
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On the subjective quality of social justice: the role of affect as information in the psychology of justice judgments 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
van den Bos K 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2003,85(3):482-498
This article argues that it is not uncommon for people forming justice judgments to lack information that is most relevant in the particular situation. In information-uncertain conditions, people may therefore construct justice judgments by relying on how they feel about the events they have encountered, and justice judgments may hence be strongly influenced by affect information. Findings show that in information-uncertain conditions, the affective states that people had been in prior and unrelated to the justice event indeed strongly influenced their justice judgments. These findings thus reveal that in situations of information uncertainty, people's judgments of justice can be very subjective, susceptible to affective states that have no logical relationship with the justice judgments they are constructing. Implications for the social psychology of justice and the literature on social cognition and affect are discussed. 相似文献
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People often encounter information that they subsequently learn is false. Past research has shown that people sometimes continue to use this misinformation in their reasoning, even if they remember that the information is false, which researchers refer to as the continued influence effect. The current work shows that the continued influence effect depends on the stories people have in memory: corrected misinformation was found to have a stronger effect on people's beliefs than information that was topically related to the story if it helped to provide a causal explanation of a story they had read previously. We argue this effect occurs because information that can fill a causal “gap” in a story enhances comprehension of the story event, which allows people to build a complete (if inaccurate) event model that they prefer over an accurate but incomplete event model. This effect is less likely to occur for stories in memory that end in a negative way, presumably because people are more motivated to accurately understand negative outcome events. 相似文献
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时间信息在情景模型建构中的作用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
考察时间信息在情景模型建构中的作用 ,探讨被试能否把一系列相关的事实整合进基于时间组织的情景模型中。实验一、二考察明确的空间信息条件下 ,被试能否把绝对和相对的时间信息整合到情景模型中 ;实验三考察无明确的空间信息条件下 ,被试能否把绝对的时间信息整合到情景模型中。运用扇效应研究的提取干扰技术评定是否出现了整合。 3个实验结果一致表明 ,当几个相关的事实发生在相同的时间段时 ,都发现被试建构了基于时间的情景模型的证据。实验三结果同时也表明 ,无明确的空间信息的条件下 ,阅读材料中时间信息本身足以使被试建构基于时间组织的情景模型。 相似文献
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Bernd Simon 《European journal of social psychology》1993,23(2):131-147
A model of egocentric social categorization (ESC-model) is presented. It predicts an asymmetry in the cognitive construal of ingroups and outgroups which is traced back to an egocentrism in the cognitive differentiation of the social world. The more specific assumptions are: (1) At the most basic level of cognitive differentiation, the perceiver distinguishes between the categories ME and NOT-ME. (2) This basic level categorization predicates an asymmetry in the cognitive construal of ingroup and out-group as social categories: The ingroup is construed as a heterogeneous aggregate of separate entities and the outgroup as a homogeneous social category. (3) Egocentric social categorization thus facilitates self-definition in terms of personal identity relative to self-definition in terms of social identity. The ESC-model is highly relevant to research on perceived ingroup and outgroup homogeneity. Moreover, it alerts researchers to the possibility of ‘quasi-intergroup’ situations in which the outgroup, but not the ingroup, is a salient entity. This article also discusses the relationship between the ESC-model and self-categorization theory and points out some prospects for future research. 相似文献