妊娠早产预测的策略分析

应用宫颈分泌物中高磷酸化胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白-1(phosphorylated insulin-like growth factor-bindingprotein-1,phIGFBP-1)及宫颈长度对高危早产孕妇预测早产进行评价分析.腹部超声宫颈长度≤4.0cm结合phIG-FBP-1预测早产的阳性预测值58.33%、阴性预测值91.6%;阴道超声宫颈长度≤2.5cm结合phIGFBP-1预测早产的阳性预测值80%、阴性预测值80%.三者联合预测早产取得满意效果.这一预测策略体现了哲学的光辉.     

原发性子宫颈腺癌和子宫内膜腺癌的鉴别诊断

采用组织阵列和免疫组化技术对39例子宫颈腺癌和20例子宫内膜腺癌进行Vimentin,CEA,ER,PR,CKs(7,19和20),MUC antigen(1和5)和CD10抗体的检测.93%的黏液性宫颈腺癌表现为Vimentin和ER阴性,96%为PR阴性;20例子宫内膜样子宫内膜腺癌中,Vimentin阳性占90%,ER阳性占80%,PR阳性高达96%.CEA阳性率在宫颈癌中为81%,在子宫内膜样子宫内膜腺癌中有15%为灶状阳性表达.CD10在85%的子宫内膜腺癌组织的间质细胞中为阳性表达,仅有15%的宫颈腺癌表现为间质细胞染色阳性.MUC和CKs系列的蛋白表达未发现显著差异.     

超声造影引导下细针穿刺细胞学在判断乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结状态中的应用

研究经皮超声造影引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查评估乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结状态的可行性及应用价值。取2014年7月～2016年1月笔者所在医院收治的342例乳腺癌患者,术前行经皮超声造影引导细针淋巴结穿刺活检。以术后淋巴结病理结果为金标准评估细针病理结果。结果表明经皮超声造影引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查判断腋窝淋巴结状态的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值和诊断准确率分别为97.57%(281/288)、100.00%(54/54)、100.00%(281/281)、88.52%(54/61)、97.95%(335/342)。经皮超声造影引导下细针穿刺细胞学检查可在术前准确评估乳腺癌患者腋窝淋巴结状态,细针穿刺细胞学病理阳性患者可避免前哨淋巴结活检,直接行腋窝淋巴结清扫术。     

原发性子宫颈腺癌和子宫内膜腺癌的鉴别诊断

采用组织阵列和免疫组化技术对39例子宫颈腺癌和20例子宫内膜腺癌进行Vimentin,CEA,ER,PR,CKs（7,19和20）,MUC antigen（1和5）和CD10抗体的检测。93％的黏液性宫颈腺癌表现为Vimentin和ER阴性,96％为PR阴性;20例子宫内膜样子宫内膜腺癌中,Vimentin阳性占90％,ER阳性占80％,PR阳性高达96％。CEA阳性率在宫颈癌中为81％,在子宫内膜样子宫内膜腺癌中有15％为灶状阳性表达。CD10在85％的子宫内膜腺癌组织的间质细胞中为阳性表达,仅有15％的宫颈腺癌表现为间质细胞染色阳性。MUC和CKs系列的蛋白表达未发现显著差异。     

原发性子宫颈腺癌和子宫内膜腺癌的鉴别诊断

采用组织阵列和免疫组化技术对39例子宫颈腺癌和20例子宫内膜腺癌进行Vimentin,CEA,ER,PR,CKs（7,19和20）,MUC antigen（1和5）和CD10抗体的检测。93％的黏液性宫颈腺癌表现为Vimentin和ER阴性,96％为PR阴性;20例子宫内膜样子宫内膜腺癌中,Vimentin阳性占90％,ER阳性占80％,PR阳性高达96％。CEA阳性率在宫颈癌中为81％,在子宫内膜样子宫内膜腺癌中有15％为灶状阳性表达。CD10在85％的子宫内膜腺癌组织的间质细胞中为阳性表达,仅有15％的宫颈腺癌表现为间质细胞染色阳性。MUC和CKs系列的蛋白表达未发现显著差异。     

aVR导联ST段下移对急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的预测价值

本研究选择急性下壁心肌梗死患者185例,回顾性分析其心电图改变及冠脉造影结果,以评估aVR导联ST段下移对急性下壁心肌梗死罪犯血管的预测价值.结果显示aVR导联ST段下移预测左冠状动脉回旋支闭塞的特异性88.0％,敏感性51.2％,阴性预测值85.6％,阳性预测值56.4％.提示aVR导联ST段下移可以用来预测急性下壁心肌梗死左冠状动脉回旋支闭塞,其预测特异性较高,敏感性一般.     

GIRK1在宫颈癌组织细胞中的表达

探求内向整流型钾离子通道1（GIRK1）与宫颈癌发生发展的关系.利用RT-PCR及免疫组织化学技术检测GIRK1 mRNA及蛋白在15例正常宫颈和30例宫颈癌组织细胞中的表达.GIRK1 mRNA在宫颈癌组织中的表达高于在正常宫颈组织中的表达,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;GIRK1蛋白在宫颈癌组织中的阳性表达率为100%,在正常宫颈组织中的阳性表达率为20%,两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.GIRK1 mRNA及蛋白在宫颈癌组织中呈高表达,可能与宫颈癌的发生及发展有关.     

骨桥蛋白与高敏C反应蛋白对冠状动脉介入治疗后再狭窄的预测价值

探讨血浆高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及骨桥蛋白(OPN)对冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后患者冠状动脉支架内再狭窄(ISR)发生的预测价值,并比较二者对ISR预测的准确性。收集2014年5月~2015年5月于笔者所在医院成功施行PCI并自愿随访冠状动脉造影(CAG)的患者206例,术后随访1年,根据复查CAG的结果将入选者分为再狭窄组(n=28)和无再狭窄组(n=178),复查CAG时检测两组患者血浆hs-CRP、OPN等生化指标,进行统计分析。再狭窄组患者hs-CRP及OPN水平均高于无再狭窄组,Logistic分析结果显示hs-CRP及OPN水平对PCI后发生ISR有独立的预测价值,当hs-CRP及OPN取最佳临界值时OPN对IRS诊断的特异性、准确性及阳性预测值均高于hs-CRP。相对于hs-CRP,OPN对PCI后发生ISR具有更好的预测价值,尤其是其诊断的特异性、准确性及阳性预测值更具优势,值得推广。     

LKB1蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中的表达及意义

为了探讨肝激酶B1（LKB1）蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中的表达水平及其与食管鳞癌临床特征及生存期的关系,应用免疫组化方法检测120例食管鳞癌患者组织中LKB1蛋白表达情况并对诸多临床特征进行相关性分析研究,发现LKB1蛋白在食管癌旁正常组织的阳性表达率高于癌组织;LKB1蛋白表达与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、病变长度及浸润深度无关而与分化程度、淋巴结转移及临床分期（TNM）相关,且LKB1蛋白阴性组预后较阳性组差.可见LKB1视为抑癌基因影响食管鳞癌的预后,可能成为食管鳞癌新型的临床预后指标之一.     

血浆BNP对于不同类型的老年急性失代偿心力衰竭的预测价值

探讨血浆BNP在不同类型老年心力衰竭(简称心衰)患者中,用以预测急性失代偿心衰(ADHF)的价值。将80例心衰患者根据心脏超声结果分为左室射血分数降低的心衰(HFrEF)组25例和左室射血分数正常的心衰(HFpEF)组55例,测定初始血浆BNP值。随访1年,记录ADHF的发生并再次测定血浆BNP水平。HFpEF组年龄和BMI更高、初始BNP值更低、心绞痛病史更少、NYHAⅠ级占比更大(P0.05)。HFpEF组和HFrEF组的ADHF发生率分别为32.0%和32.7%。HFpEF患者以BNP升高122pg/ml为临界值,预测ADHF敏感度为84.8%、特异度为82.6%;HFrEF患者以BNP升高145pg/ml为临界值,预测ADHF敏感度为93.4%、特异度为47.9%。心衰患者失代偿前BNP升高,BNP升高可作为预测ADHF的指标之一。     

The Performance of the PHQ-2 and the Examination of Risks Associated With Postdeployment Depression in Air Force Medical Service Personnel

This study assessed the performance of the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) in identifying postdeployment depressive disorders in a cohort of Air Force Medical Services personnel (N = 18,398). The prevalence of depressive disorders in the cohort was 9.00% based on medical record data. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.56, indicating very poor classification accuracy. Sensitivity was 15.53%, specificity was 95.57%, positive predictive value was 25.75%, and negative predictive value was 91.97%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 3.51 and 0.88, respectively. Several risk factors associated with postdeployment depressive disorders were identified that could potentially improve screening in this population.     

Concurrent Validity of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in an Indigenous Pre-School Population

The strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) is a frequently used tool for universal screening of pre-schoolers’ behavioural and emotional problems. However, evidence for its concurrent validity is equivocal and has not been tested in a Māori population. We aimed to evaluate the concurrent validity of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in Māori pre-schoolers (tamariki), aged 4 and 5. We carried out a prospective study of 225 tamariki (46% female) for whom a recent SDQ was available from the New Zealand Ministry of Health’s Before School Check database. A trained nurse carried out a standardised wellbeing and behavioural assessment for these children. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values were calculated, using optimal total difficulty scale threshold values published for the SDQ (parent version SDQ-P; teacher version SDQ-T). Primary outcome: an assessment-based child referral to Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services or to a Paediatric outpatient service. Secondary outcomes: assessment-based parental referral to a parenting programme and combined referral. The optimal thresholds for child referral were low for the SDQ-P (13) and SDQ-T (7). Child referral SDQ-P: sensitivity 62%, specificity 83%, positive predictive value 0.35, negative predictive value 0.94. Child referral SDQ-T: sensitivity 77%, specificity 78%, positive predictive value 0.31, negative predictive value 0.96. The findings demonstrate optimal threshold values for referral for Māori on the SDQ-P and SDQ-T are much lower when compared to published thresholds (17 vs. 16). Sensitivity values were also low. A surveillance approach for the assessment of psychosocial problems is recommended for pre-schoolers.     

The Performance of the AUDIT-C and the Examination of Risks Associated With Postdeployment Alcohol Misuse in Air Force Medical Service Personnel

This study assessed the performance of the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) in diagnosing a postdeployment alcohol disorder in a cohort of Air Force Medical Services personnel (N = 13,353). The prevalence of alcohol disorders in this population of previously deployed military healthcare personnel was 1.26% based on medical record data. Assessing the AUDIT-C as a screening tool, the following characteristics were found: sensitivity was 23.81%, specificity was 91.48%, positive predictive value was 3.44%, and negative predictive value was 98.95%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 2.80 and 0.83, respectively. Classification accuracy of the AUDIT-C was improved by accounting for officer status and female gender. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.69 for the multivariable model, indicating poor to fair classification accuracy. However, this model was significantly improved over the univariate model. Thus, taking rank and gender into account when conducting screening may improve the utility of the AUDIT-C.     

Examination of the PC-PTSD in previously deployed Air Force Medical Service personnel

This study assessed the performance of the PC-PTSD in diagnosing postdeployment posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in a cohort of Air Force Medical Services personnel (N = 18,530). The prevalence of PTSD in the cohort was 5.18% based on medical record data. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.69, indicating poor classification accuracy. Sensitivity was 47.55%, specificity was 90.68%, positive predictive value was 21.79%, and negative predictive value was 96.94%. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 5.10 and 0.58, respectively. Several risk factors were found to be associated with a diagnosis of postdeployment PTSD: being a nurse, being enlisted in the medical service career field, being enlisted in the mental health service career field, those over age 30, being a member of the Active Duty service component, and having one’s first deployment be to Iraq. Being an officer was found to be a protective characteristic. These factors could potentially improve screening for PTSD among Air Force healthcare personnel.     

The Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule: Predictive Value and Clinical Usefulness

This study reports on the predictive value and clinical usefulness of the Dutch parental version of the Dental Subscale of the Children's Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS). Parents of 718 children (4–12 years) completed this CFSS-DS version before or during the child's visit. The dentist rated the child's dental fear during treatment on a 5-point Likert-type Scale from 1 (not afraid at all) to 5 (very afraid). Reliability analysis was performed, and correlation coefficients between the two measures were calculated. The reliability of the scale proved to be high (Cronbach's = .93) and significant correlation coefficients were found (r = .58 and r = .68, p < .01). The negative predictive value of the CFSS-DS was high (.96), whereas its positive predictive value was relatively low (0.41). It was concluded that the CFSS-DS might be of clinical value as a screening device of dental fear, whereas its predictive value of fearful behavior should not be overestimated.     

Perspectives on relapse prevention: An exploratory study

This article explores the hypothesis that factors associated with relapse early in a quit attempt may lose their predictive power over time. Participants were 195 recent ex-smokers calling a telephone Quitline. Quitters were interviewed, then re-interviewed three weeks later to determine outcome (relapse or maintenance of attempt). There was strong evidence for a discontinuity in prediction of outcome between those who quit for less than one week, or who reported at least daily strong urges to smoke and those who quit for more than a week who reported less than daily strong urges to smoke. Several variables, including self-efficacy and scales of positive social and negative affect temptations, reversed predictive value. This study provides evidence of a perspective or stage within the Action stage of the TTM. More work is required to confirm both the findings and the exact nature of the discontinuity point.     

A practical method for screening psychiatric disorder in children with speech and language disorders

Children with speech and language disorders have been found to have a prevalence rate of psychiatric disorder of 50%. The authors sought to develop an efficient screening procedure to distinguish such children who have psychiatric disorder and those who do not. Cutoff scores for easily administered parent and teacher behavior rating questionnaires were investigated in a population of 256 children with speech and language disorders and known presence or absence of psychiatric disorder. It was learned that when the questionnaires are used together, a cutoff score of 31 or greater on either questionnaire has a positive predictive value of 74.1 % and a negative predictive value of 76.1%. This screening method shows promise in assisting speech pathologists in comprehensive evaluation and treatment planning for children with speech and language disorders.     

Children and the Test of Memory Malingering: Is one trial enough?

There is a growing body of research suggesting that the first trial of the TOMM may provide an accurate screener of effort in children. During neuropsychological assessments, some circumstances result in only one completed trial of the TOMM. Research on adults reflects that passing scores on Trial 1 (based on Trial 2 cutoff) are highly predictive of passing scores on Trial 2 and the TOMM overall. Pediatric research found that 100% of children and adolescents who passed Trial 1 of the TOMM also passed Trial 2. Our research hypothesis is that children who pass Trial 1 will also pass Trial 2. Data from 75 clinically diagnosed children (ages 6–18 years) found that 64% performed above the published adult TOMM cutoff on Trial 1. All children who passed Trial 1 also passed Trial 2 suggesting support for the research hypothesis. Sensitivity was 1.0, specificity was 0.72, positive predictive value was .33, and negative predictive value was 1.0. These findings suggest that in this sample, the children who performed above the Trial 2 cutoff on Trial 1 also all passed Trial 2 (so there were no false negatives, thus a perfect sensitivity and negative predictive value). Of the 36% of children who did not pass the Trial 1 cutoff, 67% passed on Trial 2. Data clearly support that children passing Trial 1 have a high likelihood of passing Trial 2, thus drawing conclusions about performance validity after passing Trial 1. Conclusions after failing Trial 1 require further investigation.     

Combined behavioural markers of cognitive biases are associated with anhedonia

Biases towards negative information, as well as away from positive information, are associated with psychopathology. Examining biases in multiple processes has been theorised to be more predictive than examining bias in any process alone. Anhedonia is a core symptom of psychopathology and predictive of future psychopathological symptoms. Finding that combined biases are associated with anhedonia would advance knowledge of the nature of emotional processing biases and the value of objective performance-based measures for identifying early risk markers. Participants (N?=?139) completed tasks that assess latency bias (dot probe) and biased recognition (two-alternative forced-choice) of emotional information, as well as an anhedonia measure. An index was computed for each task’s performance reflecting biased processing of positive and negative words. Only combined biases on both tasks were associated with anhedonia. Attentional bias was positively associated with anhedonia, but only when recognition bias for emotional words was high. Thus, assessing biases in multiple domains increased sensitivity to uncover relationships between emotional processing biases and anhedonic symptoms.     

Predictors of disclosure of human immunovirus-positive serostatus among Latino gay men

To test a theoretical approach to disclosure of human immunovirus (HIV) status, 301 HIV-positive Latino gay men were interviewed using Audio-CASI (Computer Assisted Self-Interview technology with Audio enhancement). Consequence theory and social influence theory were combined to create a model of antecedents of disclosure. Results provided support for both theories. Perceived positive consequences were associated with greater disclosure to casual partners, families, and friends, whereas perceived negative consequences were associated with less disclosure to friends and family members. Social influence of peer behavioral norms was predictive of disclosure to all three target groups. Gay community social influence produced different effects on disclosure of HIV-positive status: a negative association for casual partners, a positive association for close friends, and no relationship for family members. Time since diagnosis was also predictive of disclosure.