传统人际关系和谐之因缘与现代交往省思

人际关系作为人的生存论意义上的基础性概念,表达了人自身存在的方式与价值的确证。从原初视角审视人际关系在中国传统社会生活中之发生与发展的一种生态意义上的轨迹,我们可以看到由血缘家庭开始的人伦谱系在自我认同过程中诠释着传统人际关系指向的最终追求——人际和谐。而从血缘到地缘等交往的多元化发展和交往关系的持续扩大,使传统人际关系的和谐基础必然要求一种内在的置换,即由"原发性内在要求"转为"相互性要求"。面对当前人际交往关系中存在的问题,我们应通过深入省思,树立一种"共在化交往原则",从而实现现代人际关系及其和谐的追求。     

思考“歧感”:政治与美学

"歧感"作为感知与感知之间的差异,意味着同中之异与对立面之同。以"歧感"的概念思考政治与美学主要包括两个方面:"政治的美学"和"美学的政治"。政治是关于存在、说话和看的方式等感性分配问题的纷争性领域,因而本身就具有一种"美学"性质,其自身的普遍性及内在尺度是"平等"。"美学的政治"则主张将美学作为感知的政治分配中的一个特定领域来加以理解。美学自身就是一种"元政治",它在等级支配的感性经验领域引入了一种新的平等,现代民主革命与现代美学同时发生。但是,对绝对过错、绝对差异以及"他者性"的实体化,却使美学和政治深陷历史一本体论命运之中,并造成了当下占据主流的伦理化趋势。     

社会发展与交往的理性审视

本文立足于马克思主义基本立场 ,比较和分析了哈贝马斯和马克思、恩格斯关于交往理论的相同与不同之处 ,论证了交往在社会发展、社会变革中的历史作用。提出交往既有着沟通主客体关系的功能 ,又有着改造、变革对象世界的价值指向 :一是用交往来说明社会发展变更的必然性 ;二是用交往来说明生产方式推动社会发展变革的更深层的原因———社会发展是人类自身交往的历史 ,社会变革正是通过人类的生产方式 ,以及人们相互之间的交往方式来实现的 ;三是论证说明了人类正是通过交往在社会变革中实现着自身种的历史进化 ;四是把生产力发展水平和社会交往形式的成熟性作为社会进步的尺度。从历史维度阐述了人类社会交往起点的历史性和现实性 ,分析论证了由传统社会向现代化社会的历史转变 ,同样体现了交往的“工兵”作用。文章认为 ,交往在社会发展过程中具有变革社会形态和社会结构的功能 ,指出交往的主体实践活动是一种能动的对象性认识活动。本文用世界进程的眼光 ,去反思民族实践方式的历史地位 ,追寻新的交往与发展方式。     

二程论仁与博爱

建立在一气流通和同气同性基础上的"仁者以天地万物为一体",为博爱之可能奠定了本体论的基石。不仅是我之气血自身的流通,也是我与气化生成的不同人物相互感通,并体现为"我"对天地万物的关爱。值得关注的不是差等与无差等的矛盾,而是一体之仁在不同时间和空间条件下如何与环境相适应而恰当表现。仁体是在其实施或作用之中才能生存的,用在最终的意义上决定着仁体的实现和完成。仁既是情感也是德性,爱可以出于私情,但仁却必须是大公。以存心爱物来彰显的博爱,并不只停留于理论的呼唤,而是已放诸于施政者的实践。     

佛教“圆融”观与苏轼书风关系研究

关于苏轼书法艺术,历代都有人予以赏析、评价、研究。因此在前人研究的基础上,关注佛教的"圆融"观在苏轼书法艺术中的体现,寻找书法与佛教义理的关联性。苏轼生活的时代背景、家庭氛围、与佛僧的交往、自身境遇等方面与佛教相关,这些都为寻找苏轼书法艺术与佛教相联系提供了资料。通过"圆融"书法品评观、创作观对苏轼的影响,以及对苏轼作品的解读与研究,逐步理清苏轼书法艺术中与佛教"圆融"观念的统一性,以及所蕴含的具有佛教意味的"圆融"之美。     

货币与个人交往的偶然性

从哲学的意义上来看,交往是表征人在与自然之间进行物质、能量、信息交换的对象性活动中形成的人与人的物质交往及作为其产物的精神交往等社会关系总和的整体性范畴。个人在生产实践中实现人与自然、人与他人、人与社会之间的统一,不断通过交往确认自身的本质力量、审美旨趣和价值关怀在社会中的回应和反响。正是在交往中,人通过与他者的相互作用反观自身,并不断地调适自身,从而在交往中实现个人价值与社会价值的统一。然而,在商品化逻辑的冲击下,货币对日常生活世界的"殖     

试论交往方式变迁与思维方式转型

思维方式的转型是与社会结构的变迁 ,特别是与人们的交往方式的变迁联系在一起的。非市场经济条件下基于传统共同体基础上的人们之间“人的依赖关系”的交往方式向市场经济条件下基于现代市民社会基础上的人们之间“物的依赖性”的交往方式的历史性变迁 ,是理解思维方式转型的一个契机。透过交往方式的变迁这一契机 ,我们看到所谓思维方式的转型实际上就是由传统的非辩证的思维方式向现代的辩证的思维方式的转换。本文尝试着把思维方式的转型与人们之间交往方式的历史性变迁联系起来进行讨论 ,以期将思维方式转型问题的讨论引向具体和深入。…     

羞感伦理何以可能是自律的?

在古希腊罗马时期已被谈论的"内在化羞感"以及在先秦儒家被重视的"羞恶之心",在根本上都并非本尼迪克特等人所谓的诉诸外部的习俗伦常的"外在化羞感",因而植基于这种"内在化羞感"之上的羞感伦理也不必被视为"他律的"。当代新儒家借助于批判性地吸收康德的自律伦理学,创造性地发展出一门儒家的自律伦理学,这大大扩展了羞感伦理学的问题:不仅须讨论羞之体验,亦须关注能羞之在。这一交互人格性的"能羞之在"并非康德意义上的"无个性"的理性主体,而是在其自身之内融贯有"内在化他者",因而是具体而真实的。自律的羞感伦理的核心意义就在于,能羞之在服从其自身立的法,这一服从的动力亦在此能羞之在自身。     

论“好人”观念

"如何与陌生人交往"在中国传统伦理思想中虽非核心问题,但并未被完全忽略,对它的回应主要体现为常识道德中的"好人"观念。"好人"指向的是不具有任何特殊义务关系的陌生人之间交往的伦理状态,其精义不在于"老吾老""幼吾幼",而在于"及人之老""及人之幼",其间"推己及人"的过程正是"好人"成为"好人"的关键。在私人交往、职业交往与公民交往尚未获得明确区分的情况下,"好人"观念构成了对陌生人交往一种总体性的伦理指导。它与"好心""好事""好报"等共同构成了一个自相融洽的观念群,从而使自身得到道义论和功利论的双重支撑,在总体上提供了对"陌生人问题"的一种可能回应。     

折枝花的兴起与中国人的审美自觉

折枝花是以审美和装饰为内在需要而发展起来的,它没有明显的"教化"功能与"悟道"作用,强调形式感,追求艳丽.在中国画的各种题材中,折枝花的审美追求似乎是最单纯的、最直接的,中国人几千年的审美积淀,最终以折枝花的兴起成为其从自发到自觉的标志.     

Seeing and hearing and space and space and time

A previous experiment had shown spatial location to be judged in terms of the framework provided by the modality in which stimuli were presented. In the present study, digits were either auditorally or visually presented, and in either form the three digits appeared successivly to the left, in the center, and to the right of the S. The digit which occurred temporally in the middle of the sequence was never central from the spatial viewpoint. The S was asked to indicate which digit was the middle one. Ss were blind, deaf, or normal. The deaf and two control groups saw visual displays, and the blind and their controls heard auditory displays. The former groups predominantly chose the spatially middle digit and the latter groups the temporally middle. It was concluded that modality of presentation was the trigger which switched in the coding dimension of time or space.     

Bob and Carol and Tess and Ali

Conflicting religious experiences in different traditions do not necessarily defeat the rationality of conflicting beliefs sustained by those experiences in those traditions. The circularity that protects religious beliefs from such mutual defeat is not vicious. Moreover, the lack of ‘epistemological humility’ exhibited by such believers poses no threat to world peace. In fact, a campaign for compulsory humility would itself constitute a much greater threat.     

Law and Gospel,and Youth and Family Ministry

Abstract : If “faith comes through hearing” the word of God comprised in law and gospel, how do the imperatives that characterize ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ make such hearing possible? Here, literature delineating ‘Youth and Family Ministry’ is analyzed in light of its biblical foundations. The primary lens implemented in this analysis is the law/gospel hermeneutic advocated by Martin Luther and other reformers.     

Extremes of self-esteem and narcissism and the experience and expression of anger and aggression

This study examined the level of self-esteem and narcissism as personality variables involved in the disposition to experience and express anger. Three hundred thirty-eight subjects were sampled across two higher education centres and one student teaching programme in the United Kingdom. It was reasoned that individuals with both high self-esteem and narcissism would report especially high tendencies to experience and express anger and aggression and that those with high self-esteem and low narcissism would report the lowest. These predictions were influenced by theories that emphasise the role of threats to high self-esteem in the production of aggression and violence. Results indicate that groups defined by their extreme scores on self-esteem and narcissism scales produced levels of anger expression in the predicted direction. The importance of considering extreme levels of self-esteem and narcissism (in conjunction with other factors) in an analysis of anger is discussed with reference to currently influential theories in the field. Aggr. Behav. 24:421–438, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Dance and psychotherapy--possibilities and limits

From a starting point of therapeutic and prophylactic components identifiable in the dance, the authors regard the dance as deserving of greater attention than was hitherto the case in programs of physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and sociotherapy. From the existing essays at a therapy basing on body and motion, they infer basic common points, and to promote discussion, they state their attitudes in respect of the potential and rank of the dance in the concept of complex multimodal psychotherapy.     

Yin and Yang,and the Hot and the Cold

Yin and Yang are important concepts in ancient Chinese philosophy.Western scholars have become more familiar with these two concepts recently,but for a long time almost no one considered comparing them with their own tradition such as the ancient Greek philosophy,and especially with the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Presocratic philosophy.In this paper,I make an attempt to do exactly that,and especially make a detailed comparison between the thoughts of two ancient thinkers:Laozi and Anaximander.I discuss the thought of Yin and Yang in Laozi-who was the earliest philosopher making use of the concepts Yin and Yang-to express his cosmological thought in ancient Chinese philosophy.Comparatively,I discuss the ideas of the Hot and the Cold in Anaximander,the earlier among Presocratic philosophers referring to the Hot and the Cold as fundamental concepts used to establish his cosmological system.Through this comparison,I indicate that the similarity between ancient Chinese and Western traditions is far more significant than what people are used to imagining.     

Perversion and infancy and adolescence

Abstract

Studying the works of Freud and Lacan, the authors carried out research on perversion in childhood. Their work covered the perverse polymorphism of infantile sexuality and the perception of the anatomic difference between the sexes that leads the child to create sexual theories and fantasies. The phallic mother and the fetish are viewed as imaginary solutions directly related to the Oedipus and castration complexes. In perversion, a particular position is taken in relation to the Oedipus complex: a serious flaw occurs in the symbolization of the law, and the mechanisms of denial and disavowal take form. Sexuality requires a second “logical time,” separated from infancy by the latency period, in order to confirm (in action) that a fixed position of jouissance (enjoyment) has actually been established. This can only happen in a period after adolescent enhancement. The distinction between perverse traces and a perverse structure is made, taking into account the fact that, in the case of child analysis, the analyst should free the child from the family fantasy and help him/her to build his/her own fantasy.

Campos Santoro V. et al. Perversion und Kindheit und Adoleszenz.

Im Studium der Arbeiten von Freud und Lacan haben die Autoren Forschung über Perversion in der Kindheit gemacht. Die Studien behandeln den perversen Polymorphismus der infantilen Sexualität und die Wahrnehmung des anatomischen Unterschiedes zwischen den Geschlechtern, welche das Kind dazu führt, Sexual-Theorien und Phatasien zu schaffen.

Die phallische Mutter und der Fetisch werden als imaginäre Lösungen angesehen, die sich direkt auf den Ödipus- und Kastrations-Komplex beziehen. Bei der Perversion wird eine besondere Position in Bezug auf den Ödipus angenommen; ein ernsthafter Mangel tritt bei der Symbolisierung des Rechts auf; die Mechanismen der Verneinung und der Verleugnung bilden sich. Sexualität erfordert eine zweite “logische Zeit”, von der Kindheit durch die Latenz Periode getrennt, um (in der Handlung) zu bestätigen, daß eine fixierte Position der jouissance (Vergnügung) sich tatsächlich etabliert hat. Das kann sich nur in einer Periode nach der adoleszenten Verstärkung ereignen.

Es wird die Unterscheidung zwischen perversen Spuren und einer perversen Struktur gemacht, in Rechnung stellend, daß im Fall der Kinder-Analyse der Analytiker das Kind von der Familien-Phantasie befreien sollte und ihm/ihr helfen sollte, seine/ihre Phantasie auszubilden.

Campos Santoro V. Perversión e infancia y adolescencia.

Estudiando los trabajos de Freud y Lacan, los autores han investigado la perversión en la niñez. Los estudios cubren la sexualidad infantil perversa polimorfa y la percepción de la diferencia anatómica entre los sexos, que llevan al niño a crear teorías sexuales y fantasías.

La madre fálica y el fetiche son vistos como soluciones imaginarias relacionadas directamente con el complejo de Edipo y de castración. La perversión, toma una posición particular en relación al Edipo; un fallo importante tiene lugar en la simbolización de la ley; los mecanismos de negación y repudio toman forma. La sexualidad requiere un segundo “tiempo lógico” separado de la infancia por el periodo de latencia, para confirmar (en acto) que una posición fija de jouissance (goce) se ha establecido. Esto solo puede ocurrir en un periodo posterior a la intensificación adolescente.

La distinción entre las huellas perversas y la estructura perversa se ha hecho, teniendo en cuenta que, en el caso del análisis de niños, el analista debe librar al niño de la fantasía familiar y ayudar a el/ella a construir su propia fantasía.     

神圣、凡俗与净明、忠孝

本文结合有关宗教学理论,对宋元净明道所推崇的"净明"、"忠孝"概念进行了解析.作者以为:宋元净明道视世俗性的道德实践为"神圣"的宗教修炼,实与宗教学中的凡俗可以"转换"为神圣之理论相合;而净明道徒的这种"转换",则多与其个体的"宗教体验"有关.至于元代净明道借"无极"概念来释"净明",以"净明"为回复宇宙根源之境界,则合于宗教人经验到与万物的根源、终极的本体或神圣的世界契合之感.换言之,宋元净明道的"净明"、"忠孝"说,实与各种宗教的本质有着相通之处.