共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
通过两个实验考察普通话和粤语环境下的记忆语言依赖效应。实验1运用自传式回忆范式,考察语言环境对情境记忆提取的影响。结果表明,在普通话和粤语环境下,普通话-粤语双言被试的回忆体现了对语言环境的依赖。当回忆时的语言环境和事件发生时的语言环境相同时,获得了更多的同类记忆。实验2通过听觉方式呈现词,考察语音和语言表达方式对再认的影响。结果表明,普通话-粤语双言被试对用粤语方言表达的词反应时间短,误报率低,辨别力强,表明语音和语言表达方式是影响普通话-粤语双言被试记忆语言依赖效应的重要因素 相似文献
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双语和双言对图片命名和分类的不对称影响 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
采用普通话-英语双语者、粤语-普通话双言者和普通话单言者为被试, 比较他们图片命名与图片分类的成绩。结果表明, 普通话-英语双语者用优势语言命名图片的反应时比普通话单语者显著长, 错误率显著高。在第4次和第5次重复呈现图片时, 普通话-英语双语者与普通话单语者的命名反应差异不显著。普通话-英语双语者与普通话单语者对图片分类的反应差异不显著。这表明, 双语影响图片命名却不影响图片分类。粤语-普通话双言者对图片命名和图片分类的反应模式和普通话-英语双语者一致, 表明粤语-普通话双言和普通话-英语双语有类似的认知机制。普通话和粤语是作为两种语言储存在粤语-普通话双言者的头脑中的。 相似文献
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舌尖现象(Tip-of-the-Tongue phenomenon, TOT)是言语产生中的一种常见现象。国外研究发现, 双语者和单语者的舌尖现象差异很大。双言和双语既相似, 又存在差异。以粤语–普通话双言者为被试, 比较了普通话熟练和不熟练的被试在使用不同语言命名时的TOT产生率。结果发现:(1)粤语–普通话双言者的TOT率受普通话熟练程度影响。普通话不熟练的粤语–普通话双言者用普通话命名时产生更高的TOT率。(2)语言启动能够调节粤语–普通话双言者的普通话熟练程度与TOT产生的关系。在语言启动条件下, 普通话熟练的粤语–普通话双言者的TOT率更高。(3)粤语–普通话双言者的TOT产生机制符合部分激活理论的预言。 相似文献
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采用听觉跨语言启动的语义判断范式, 考察非熟练潮-粤双言者的两种方言之间的语义通达方式。结果发现, 无论是以潮语词为启动词, 还是以粤语词为启动词, 当二者具有翻译关系时, 启动词均促进对目标词的识别, 但L1对L2的启动量比L2对L1的启动量大。当启动词与目标词具有语义联想关系时, 启动词亦能促进对目标词的识别, 但L1→L2与L2→L1的启动量差异不显著。整个研究表明, 非熟练潮-粤双言者的两种方言的词汇独立表征, 语义共享表征; 第二方言的词汇能够直接通达语义表征, 不需要以第一方言的词汇为中介, 但双言的词汇表征与语义表征的联结强度仍然存在着不对称性。 相似文献
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采用跨语言启动的范畴判断范式,通过2个实验,考察了熟练潮-普双言者在听觉通道内和听-视跨通道条件下的语义通达机制。结果发现,无论是以潮州话词语为启动词,还是以普通话词语为启动词,当词对具有高语义相关时,启动词均对目标词产生了显著的跨语言启动效应;在听觉通道内,两种语言之间的启动量无差异,而在听-视跨通道条件下,L2对L1的启动量显著大于L1对L2的启动量。这些结果表明,熟练潮-普双言者共享语义(概念)表征,词汇表征既相互独立又互相联系,L1与L2的词汇均能直接通达语义表征,但其联系强度及其相互之间的词汇表征联系强度均存在通道差异性。整个研究结果支持Kroll等人的修正分级模型。 相似文献
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使用图片命名任务和TOT(舌尖现象)任务考察方言和外语学习对词汇通达能力的影响。实验结果发现,在图片命名任务和TOT任务中,单语者的表现均好于粤语-普通话双言者和粤语-普通话-英语三语者,粤语-普通话双言者和粤语-普通话-英语三语者的表现没有显著差异。该结果说明,与外语学习一样,方言也会影响个体的词汇通达能力,但方言和外语学习对词汇通达能力的影响依赖于他们的使用频率。 相似文献
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Aiwen Yi Zhuoming Chen Yanqun Chang Shu Zhou Limei Wu Yaozhong Liu Guoxiong Zhang 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》2017,46(6):1367-1383
The present study adopted a repetition priming paradigm to investigate the bidialectal (bilingual) representation of speakers with different native dialects by event-related potential (ERP) technique. Proficient Mandarin–Cantonese and Cantonese–Mandarin bidialectals participated in the study. They were required to judge whether a word was a biological word or not, when the words (target word) were represented under four types of repetition priming conditions: Mandarin (prime)–Mandarin (target), Mandarin (prime)–Cantonese (target), Cantonese (prime)–Cantonese (target) and Cantonese (prime)–Mandarin (target). Results of reaction time and accuracy primarily indicated larger repetition priming effects in Mandarin–Mandarin and Cantonese–Cantonese (within-language) conditions than that in Mandarin–Cantonese and Cantonese–Mandarin (between-language) conditions. But more importantly, P200 and N400 mean amplitudes revealed distinct repetition priming effects between two types of participants. Specifically, both P200 and N400 indicated that the repetition priming effect in Mandarin–Mandarin condition was larger than that in Cantonese–Cantonese condition for Mandarin–Cantonese participants, whereas it was opposite for Cantonese–Mandarin participants. In addition, P200 also suggested opposite patterns of repetition priming effects in between-language priming conditions for two groups of participants. The repetition priming effect in Mandarin–Cantonese condition was larger than that in Cantonese–Mandarin condition for Mandarin–Cantonese participants, while for Cantonese–Mandarin participants, it was opposite (Mandarin–Cantonese < Cantonese–Mandarin). The results implied a clear asymmetric representation of two dialects for proficient bidialectals. They were further discussed in light of native dialect and language use frequency. 相似文献
12.
This study addresses the issue of the existence of whole-word phonological representations of disyllabic and multisyllabic words in the Chinese mental lexicon. A Cantonese brain-injured dyslexic individual with semantic deficits, YKM, was assessed on his abilities to read aloud and to comprehend disyllabic words containing homographic heterophonous characters, the pronunciation of which can only be disambiguated in word context. Superior performance on reading to comprehension was found. YKM could produce the target phonological forms without understanding the words. The dissociation is taken as evidence for whole-word representations for these words at the phonological level. The claim is consistent with previous account for discrepancy of the frequencies of tonal errors between reading aloud and object naming in Cantonese reported of another case study of similar deficits. Theoretical arguments for whole-word form representations for all multisyllabic Chinese words are also discussed. 相似文献
13.
加工水平对普通话与粤语记忆语言依赖效应的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过两个实验,考察了加工水平对普通话和粤语记忆语言依赖效应的影响。实验1考察了在有意学习中的记忆语言依赖效应。结果表明,测验的语言环境对再认有重要影响。被试在粤语测验环境下对学习过的韩国语词再认反应时短,误报率却低,辨别力强,“记得”反应占优势。实验2考察了无意学习中的记忆语言依赖效应。结果表明,被试在粤语测验环境下,对评定过的韩国语词再认反应时短,误报率却高,辨别力差,但“记得”反应占优势;但在普通话测验环境下,对评定过的韩国语词再认反应时长,误报率却低,辨别力强,“知道”和“猜测”反应增加。整个研究表明,记忆的语言依赖效应在有意学习和无意学习中都存在,但有不同的趋势,表明加工水平是影响普通话和粤语记忆语言依赖效应的重要变量 相似文献
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Kwantes PJ 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2005,12(4):703-710
Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is a model of knowledge representation for words. It works by applying dimension reduction
to local co-occurrence data from a large collection of documents after performing singular value decomposition on it. When
the reduction is applied, the system forms condensed representations for the words that incorporate higher order associations.
The higher order associations are primarily responsible for any semantic similarity between words in LSA. In this article,
a memory model is described that creates semantic representations for words that are similar in form to those created by LSA.
However, instead of applying dimension reduction, the model builds the representations by using a retrieval mechanism from
a well-known account of episodic memory. 相似文献
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The present research tested the hypothesis that the age at which one’s first language (L1) words are learned influences language
processing in bilinguals. Prior research on bilingual language processing by Kroll and colleagues has suggested that memory
links between L1 words and conceptual representations are stronger than memory links between one’s second language (L2) word
and conceptual representations. We hypothesized that the strengths of memory links between L1 words and conceptual representations
are stronger for words learned early in life than for words learned later in life. Support for the hypothesis was obtained
in bilingual translation experiment with 36 Spanish–English bilinguals. Participants translated L1 words into L2 and L2 words
into L1. Half of the L1 words were learned early in childhood (early AoA words), and half were learned later in life (late
AoA words). The L2 words were translation equivalents of the L1 words tested; the average age at which L2 words were learned
was age 7. Target words were presented either in random order or blocked by semantic category. Translation times were longer
when trials were blocked by semantic category (i.e., categorical interference) occurred only when early AoA L1 words were
translated into L2. Implications for current models of bilingual memory are discussed. 相似文献
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藏-汉-英三语者语言联系模式探讨 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
采用跨语言长时重复启动的研究范式,考察了藏-汉-英三语者三种语言的联系模式。结果表明:(1)藏-汉-英三语者不同语言之间的联系模式不同。藏语和汉语之间为概念中介联系模式,汉语和英语之间为词汇联系模式,藏语和英语之间没有直接联系。(2)语言熟练程度、语言相似性和学习的媒介语影响藏-汉-英三语者的语言联系模式。整个研究表明,藏-汉-英三语者的语言联系模式与双语者的语言联系模式既有相似之处,也有明显不同。研究结果对于少数民族的外语教学有重要的参考价值 相似文献
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In this article, we introduce a software package that applies a corpus-based algorithm to derive semantic representations
of words. The algorithm relies on analyses of contextual information extracted from a text corpus—specifically, analyses of
word co-occurrences in a large-scale electronic database of text. Here, a target word is represented as the combination of
the average of all words preceding the target and all words following it in a text corpus. The semantic representation of
the target words can be further processed by a self-organizing map (SOM; Kohonen, Self-organizing maps,
2001), an unsupervised neural network model that provides efficient data extraction and representation. Due to its topography-preserving
features, the SOM projects the statistical structure of the context onto a 2-D space, such that words with similar meanings
cluster together, forming groups that correspond to lexically meaningful categories. Such a representation system has its
applications in a variety of contexts, including computational modeling of language acquisition and processing. In this report,
we present specific examples from two languages (English and Chinese) to demonstrate how the method is applied to extract
the semantic representations of words. 相似文献