医学专业精神及医疗保密：美国历史及现状中的冲突

讨论卫生部门宣传和加强强制汇报的法律的努力、强制性汇报的规定与医学专业精神及个人自主性之间的冲突、私人医生避免遵守这些规则的策略、病人和倡议者设法避免强制性登记和检测的策略,以及医生/病人和公共卫生官员达成的妥协。最后对公共卫生政策提出建议,认识到强制性汇报存在的问题和卫生政策透明度的重要性。     

中西方医学专业精神异同:概念的比较

医学专业精神的概念反映了关于医学专业精神的本质认识.对于医学专业精神的确切表述、医学专业精神的核心原则及本质要素、将其作为完整体系的解读以及对其实践性特征的把握,中西方学者有着相似或不同的观点,对这些观点进行比较研究有助于我们更为准确地理解医学专业精神.     

医药企业的过度介入与医学专业精神

医药企业促进了现代医学的发展,但同时其过度介入会对医学专业精神和医疗职业宗旨带来冲击,不利于医学的发展,为了解决这一问题,必须从医师、企业自身和管理层三方面入手,使医药企业适度介入医疗活动,充分利用其对现代医学的积极促进作用,减消其消极作用,才能使现代医学沿着健康科学的方向发展.     

医药企业的过度介入与医学专业精神

医药企业促进了现代医学的发展,但同时其过度介入会对医学专业精神和医疗职业宗旨带来冲击,不利于医学的发展,为了解决这一问题,必须从医师、企业自身和管理层三方面入手,使医药企业适度介入医疗活动,充分利用其对现代医学的积极促进作用,减消其消极作用,才能使现代医学沿着健康科学的方向发展。     

医学生廉洁素质教育与医学专业精神的培养

廉洁是医学专业精神的内在要求,加强医学生廉洁素质教育有助于医学专业精神的培养.当前医学生廉洁素质还存在对廉洁和腐败问题的认知不到位、在反腐败问题上知行不一等问题.基于此,应当积极加强医学生廉洁素质教育,特别应从知、情、意、信、行等方面进行尝试和探讨,以促进医学专业精神的培养,提升医学生为人、处事和行医之道.     

市场经济条件下人生价值取向对医学专业精神的影响

市场经济条件下人生价值取向对医学专业精神有很大影响,表现为价值取向与医学专业精神的变化相伴行.在市场经济条件下价值取向以个体自我本位价值凸显,使医学专业精神中涉及的整体本位价值主体地位难以确立,物质利益与医学专业精神的核心思想发生冲突的方式影响医学专业精神,提出医学专业精神的贯彻执行还是一个漫长的探索过程.     

美国精神健康复元运动的社会历史脉络

精神健康复元运动发轫于20世纪90年代的美国,强调以人为中心、由服务使用者驱动、以优势为基础,是形塑21世纪全球精神卫生政策的重要力量。通过对美国精神健康复元运动的系统爬梳,探诘其三大主要的社会历史脉络,即美国对严重精神障碍痊愈的认识转变、美国精神病学消费者运动的变迁、美国社会心理康复领域的发展,强调为推动国内精神卫生体系超越生物医学模式并实现以复元为导向的范式转移,需要持续改革的精神、精神障碍亲历者的参与、精神健康社会工作与临床心理学的人才建设以及更多有关复元的本土化研究。

     

克隆技术与传统孝道精神的冲突及理性思考

克隆技术对人类生殖技术的发展具有重要意义。人类的生殖行为是人伦关系的基础 ,孝观念是中国社会人伦关系的核心 ,克隆技术对传统孝道精神的冲击也就是明显的。所以有人认为 ,在克隆时代传统的孝道精神将不复存在。本文认为 ,克隆技术并不能改变后人对前人的侍服关系 ,孝道精神所依据的前后人伦及养护关系仍然存在 ,孝道精神仍将存在     

试析"契合"中的历史向度——读《科学与人文的契合:科学伦理精神历史生成》

伦理,对于中国哲学界是非常熟知的,科学伦理作为伦理学的一个重要分支也并不陌生,但是何谓科学伦理精神,科学伦理精神的内在建构如何,以及科学伦理精神在中西方科学精神与人文精神的历史中是如何契合而成,又是如何从深层次上对社会的前沿热点问题进行理论映射,对这一连串“如何”的回答,中外许多学者对此只言片语的论及可谓众多,传统意义上对科学伦理精神的解读不免限于通俗、单向度,正当理论界对此问题陷于或隐或显的论说时,陈爱华教授的新作———《科学与人文的契合?科学伦理精神历史生成》(吉林人民出版社2003年5月版)正式同广大读者见…     

医学专业精神的核心:医师职业责任感——全国10城市4000名住院患者问卷调查研究报告之二

通过对患者(或其家属)的问卷调查,系统地了解患者对医师职业素养要求的认知情况,结果表明,职业责任感是目前患者对医师职业素养的首要诉求,高度的职业责任感是医学专业精神的核心.医师职业精神建设的重点应当适时转移.     

Assessment Centers: Current Practices in the United States

Purpose  

The goals of this investigation were to review current AC practices in the United States by evaluating whether they follow the Guidelines and Ethical Considerations for Assessment Center Operations (International Task Force on Assessment Centers, 2000). We both expanded upon and compared our results to a prior benchmarking study (Spychalski et al. in Personnel Psychol, 50:71–90, 1997), and investigated practices regarding job analysis, AC development, dimensions (i.e., job requirements), exercises, assessor characteristics and training, behavior recording, data integration, organizational policy, assessee rights, AC evaluation and AC technology. Data were collected via an online survey completed by individuals from human resource departments of organizations (N = 54) across the U.S; organizations to whom the survey was sent were selected by sampling Fortune 500 organizations based on economic sector.     

Employment Characteristics and Salaries of Psychologists in United States Medical Schools: Past and Current Trends

In 1997 the Research Office of the American Psychological Association (APA) collaborated with the Association of Medical School Psychologists (AMSP) to conduct a comprehensive employment and salary survey of psychologists employed in medical schools and academic health centers. Questionnaires were mailed to 3894 psychologists; postcard reminders and a follow-up mailing to nonresponders resulted in a final 50% response rate. The questionnaire addressed appointment characteristics, department and school characteristics, employment activities, salary information, demographics, and changes in the medical school work environment that have occurred as a result of managed care. This survey, the 1997 Employment Characteristics and Salaries of Medical School Psychologists, is the most comprehensive analysis to date of the practice of psychology in U.S. schools of medicine and academic health centers. This article reports the most salient findings from this survey.     

Current information infrastructure policy in the United States

Initiatives and legislation by the Clinton/Gore Administration and Congress, specifically, the National Research and Education Network and the National Information Infrastructure Act, form the basis for current information infrastructure projects in both the public and private sector. This paper discusses legislative initiatives for networking and telecommunications services, and the political, technological and community infrastructures necessary to develop and support those services. Also assessed are the strategies of major infrastructure participants including the National Science Foundation, cable television and regional and long distance telecommunications companies, educational institutions and the Internet community, and community groups and local governments. where he teaches and administers courses in information systems management and telecommunications for mid-career information technology and network professionals at Northern California high-technology corporations.     

美国的医学人文教育:历史与理论

大体上考察了美国医学人文教育的发展情况.首先,对医学人文研究加入到美国医学教育计划中的原因与方式进行考察.其次,对美国医学人文运动的历史进行考察,决定医学人文的诞生的原因,并讨论医学人文领域中的学者是如何定义"医学人文"的.最后,从理论视角对医学人文的目的与教育方法进行分析.     

Confidentiality in Professional Medical Ethics

Detection of deception and confirmation of truth telling with conventional polygraphy raised a host of technical and ethical issues. Recently, newer methods of recording electromagnetic signals from the brain show promise in permitting the detection of deception or truth telling. Some are even being promoted as more accurate than conventional polygraphy. While the new technologies raise issues of personal privacy, acceptable forensic application, and other social issues, the focus of this paper is the technical limitations of the developing technology. Those limitations include the measurement validity of the new technologies, which remains largely unknown. Another set of questions pertains to the psychological paradigms used to model or constrain the target behavior. Finally, there is little standardization in the field, and the vulnerability of the techniques to countermeasures is unknown. Premature application of these technologies outside of research settings should be resisted, and the social conversation about the appropriate parameters of its civil, forensic, and security use should begin.     

Healthcare Policy in the United States: A Primer for Medical Family Therapists

As family therapists increasingly practice in healthcare settings, they need to be aware of forthcoming changes in healthcare policy and the impact of these changes on their clinical work and the lives of their clients. In this paper, we provide a primer on healthcare policy for family therapists, which describes current and proposed changes in healthcare that will potentially revolutionize healthcare delivery for families. We describe three key initiatives: (1) Triple Aim; (2) the Accountable Care Organization; and (3) the Patient Centered Medical Home. We conclude with a discussion about future directions and healthcare policies that include families.     

Breaching Confidentiality to Protect the Public: Evolving Standards of Medical Confidentiality for Military Detainees

Confidentiality is a core value in medicine and public health yet, like other core values, it is not absolute. Medical ethics has typically allowed for breaches of confidentiality when there is a credible threat of significant harm to an identifiable third party. Medical ethics has been less explicit in spelling out criteria for allowing breaches of confidentiality to protect populations, instead tending to defer these decisions to the law. But recently, issues in military detention settings have raised the profile of decisions to breach medical confidentiality in efforts to protect the broader population. National and international ethics documents say little about the confidentiality of detainee medical records. But initial decisions to use detainee medical records to help craft coercive interrogations led to widespread condemnation, and might have contributed to detainee health problems, such as a large number of suicide attempts several of which have been successful. More recent military guidance seems to reflect lessons learned from these problems and does more to protect detainee records. For the public health system, this experience is a reminder of the importance of confidentiality in creating trustworthy, and effective, means to protect the public's health.     

Current theoretical perspectives on adolescent pregnancy and childbearing in the United States

"The purpose of this article is to synthesize and place in perspective contemporary theories and explanations of the high rates of adolescent pregnancy and childbearing in the United States. The study examined the strengths and weaknesses of the more prominent explanations of adolescent pregnancy and childbearing in light of current research.... This article casts doubt on the hypothesis that the lack of reproductive information is in and of itself an important determinant of adolescent pregnancy in the United States. Many other factors are discussed that intervene to negate the effect of reproductive knowledge alone as a deterrent to adolescent pregnancy and childbearing. Suggestions for an integrative research agenda, as well as educational and health strategies focusing on adolescent pregnancy and childbearing are proposed."     

医学生对当前医患利益关系若干问题的认知——医学生对医师职业精神认知的调查

调查四川大学医学生对医师职业精神中“医患关系”、“医疗纠纷和医疗风险”、“医院管理和利益冲突”三方面的认知,并与患者认知比较,了解不同层次医学生的职业精神认知现状,以及与患者的差异.结果显示,医学生和患者在上述三方面总体认知相近.