制约我国“新型农村合作医疗”可持续发展的因素及对策

论文分析了我国“新型农村合作医疗”在实行过程中存在的制度推行难、基金筹集难、有效管理难等问题,讨论了制约其可持续发展的因素:观念因素、体制因素、道德因素、管理因素,并提出相应了更新观念,政府主导,创新体制,加强立法等对策。     

"男孩偏好"观念成因分析与对策探讨——以温州龙湾地区为例

温州龙湾地区"男孩偏好"的观念"弱化"是"假性弱化".此观念形成的生理、文化、社会因素分别是男女体力与智力实际差异、儒家思想与温州宗族文化交错影响、当地婚姻、经济以及养老模式三重影响.解决对策在于植入新思想,摒弃旧观念;鼓励女性创业;完善养老保险制度等.     

论影响卫生资源分配公平性的因素

公平分配卫生资源是促进社会公正的重要方面.观念、体制与政策是影响卫生资源公平分配的重要因素.重医疗、轻预防的观念使宏观卫生资源分配失去公平,而城市尤其是大中城市优先的制度安排、按医疗项目付费方式的弊端、医疗保障体制的不公平等体制与政策因素则使微观卫生资源分配失去公平.从观念因素、体制与政策因素两个方面入手,改进卫生资源分配的公平性,是我国提高全民健康水平、促进社会公正的必由之路.     

以易道精神审视"现代书法"

纵观书法发展史,易道精神始终贯穿其中,从用笔技巧到章法布局,从审美理念到批评模式,无不显现易道精神,从而保证了书法艺术的健康发展.然而,如今一些"现代派书家",对传统中重视书法线条的观念做了极端化阐释,究其根源,是由于受到西方抽象画以及日本"现代书法"的影响,把书法看作是单纯的线条艺术,甚至把汉字、毛笔、水墨等基本组成因素从书法中抽离出来.     

"伦理经营"诠释

伦理经营观念是企业经营哲学历史发展的逻辑结论,也是企业伦理学家们对市场经济条件下企业经营管理活动的伦理学总结。在我国,企业行为失范、坚持科学发展观和构建社会主义和谐社会、参与经济全球化进程、生态环境的恶化态势等因素决定了企业必须坚持伦理经营价值观。伦理经营既是一种守法经营,也是一种合德经营。经营法规、人性化管理、诚信交易、绿色营销、积极负责等,是伦理经营价值观体系的构成要素。     

"感"·"象"·"数"--《周易》经传象数观念的哲学人类学释读

象数观念是<周易>经传乃至易学中的基础和核心观念.历来对象数观念的理解和解释,往往局限于象数观念本身,而对<周易>经传的产生背景、以及其中的另一个重要观念--"感",则关注不够.本文从哲学人类学的视角,在考察<周易>经传的产生背景以及"感"、"象"、"数"三者之间关系的基础上,认为<周易>经传中的象数观念其实是原始时代的感性具体的思维方式及其宇宙观的积淀.具体说来,"数"也是"象",它们本来都是"互渗"或"交感"的中介;换句话说,<周易>经传象数观念的最终依据其实是感;象数因感而蕴涵着向天道观和伦理观发挥的可能性.     

先秦儒家"习"观念考论——以《性自命出》习性观为中心

"习"是儒家思想体系中的一个重要观念,它与"性"有着内在联系.孔子、孟子、荀子都对"习"观念及"习""性"关系作出了相应论述,但他们之间有没有内在的关联?本文通过对出土文献《性自命出》的"习以养性"等观念的考察,发现一条"由性而发,循性而习,尽性而终"的逻辑脉络.以此为中心,这可使孔子、孟子、荀子"习"与"性"观念得以...     

论西方近代的"世界历史"观念

"世界历史"观念作为我们理解世界、描述世界的理论框架,起源于希腊化时代;中世纪,它融入宗教哲学,完成了哲学化转向.近代以来,理性取代了上帝,"世界历史"观念随之转向认识论,并逐步成为孕育欧洲中心论的温床.近代早期,维柯与伏尔泰为近代"世界历史"观念确立了基本的范式,这种范式大大削弱了中世纪"世界历史"观念广泛具有的实践性.自康德始,近代"世界历史"观念以德国思想家为其表述者.康德的创造性表现在,他认为普遍世界历史的存在,首先是人们以某种预想为线索进行撰述的结果;赫德尔则以强调个体的特殊性与历史性的方式来撰述世界历史.西方近代"世界历史"观念的集大成者黑格尔.他的世界历史思想代表着近代"世界历史"观念的确立与完善,同时意味着中世纪普世主义"世界历史"观念的彻底破产.     

"神圣"之永恒魅力--对《论神圣》一书的解读

奥托的<论神圣>在宗教和宗教研究中具有十分重要的地位和价值,本文主要展示了该书的逻辑理路:非理性的"神秘"是"神圣"的内核,"神秘"之被图式化揭示了它以特殊的方式向理性因素和其它感受"开放",由此描绘出一幅非理性纬线和理性经线交织的"神圣"观念和宗教图景,这可以说是一种和谐宗教观.在此基础之上,又阐发了"神圣"观念的现代意义.     

德国医疗体制的几点感悟

中德两国在经济发展、社会制度和文化传统等方面各不相同,在医疗体制方面也存在显著差异,但德国卫生体制和医院管理的一些思路、观念、运作方式等值得借鉴.通过分析德国医疗体制方面的特点,借鉴德国医疗体制的先进经验,结合我国的国情和医疗现状,对于我国医疗体制的完善和构建有重要的现实意义.     

儿童Graves'病研究进展

Grave's病(GD)是导致儿童甲亢最常见的病因,其易感性80%决定于基因因素.ATD治疗是最常推荐的初始治疗手段,但长期缓解率仅为30%.ATD诱导儿童GD缓解的合适用药时间尚不明确.最佳治疗方式(ATD、RAI或手术)的选择还存在重大争议.药物治疗复发的预测非常重要,最近建立了一种复发风险评分,通过种族、年龄、诊断时FT4、TRAb水平、ATD预期治疗持续时间将GD儿童分成低中高三类风险人群,对其复发风险作出评估,对于确定GD儿童在初始治疗时选择何种方案更为适合意义重大.     

自伤青少年的冲动性

以自我报告、行为学和脑电为指标, 检验自伤青少年的冲动性。研究1, 对820名普通中学生和72名工读生进行问卷调查, 探讨自伤行为与情绪调节困难、冲动性的关系。结果表明, 冲动性能够预测自伤行为, 且预测效应量大于情绪调节困难。研究2, 采用Go/Nogo范式的ERPs实验, 检验自伤组与对照组冲动控制的行为学与脑电差异。结果表明, 自伤组Nogo正确反应的N2波幅显著高于对照组, N2潜伏期在部分电极点处高于对照组。脑电地形图显示两者的脑电差异主要体现在前额叶区。结论：自伤青少年的冲动性高于同龄普通青少年。     

Certification in Testing in Canada

This article presents a brief outline of a program developed by the Canada Employment and Immigration Commission (CEIC) for certifying employment counselors to use tests in Canada Employment Centres (CECs).     

Occupational Stress in Workers and Managers in Steelworks in China

Occupational stressors and strains of 121 Chinese steelwork employees and 122 managers were measured using the Chinese version of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). It was found that factors intrinsic to the job, Type A behavior, logic, and organizational structure and climate were the main predictors of mental ill-health and physical ill-health in managers. Organizational structure and climate and relationships with other people were important predictors for workers. Management processes and organizational forces were the strongest predicting factors of job satisfaction in both samples. On certain OSI scales and subscales, managers scored statistically higher than workers. It is proposed that these results reflect the enormous economic and social changes currently taking place in China, together with certain features inherent in Chinese organizational and managerial processes.     

Sex differences in relational aggression in preschool children in Iran

The purpose of this study was to compare scores on a Relational Aggression Questionnaire for preschool boys and girls in Iran. The questionnaire was developed here, and its reliability and validity were assessed. Teachers' reports of relational aggression in 258 children ages 3 to 7 years was studied. Sex differences in relational aggression were not observed and was not significantly different across age groups.     

Evidence for sex differences in brain organization in recovery in aphasia

Ninety-one adult aphasics of both sexes were studied before and after a 3-month period of language therapy. Although no initial sex difference was found in severity of language disorders, females within the global aphasic group showed significantly greater improvement in three tests of language comprehension. It is suggested that more bilateral representation of language functions in the female brain may account for this greater improvement.     

Ethical Issues in Counselling in Education

It is suggested that there are two quite distinct Systems of ethics and practice in use by counsellors in education: the integrated model, which emphasises viewing the counsellor-institution relationship as theprimary ethical perspective; and the differentiated model, which emphasises the counsellor-client relationship as the starting point for an ethical understanding of the counsellor's role. The implications of these two perspectives for ethical issues relating to sources of referrai, issues of confidentiality, accountability for resources, the implications of role diffusion, and the outcomes of counselling, are examined. The ethical consequences of viewing the two Systems as reconcilable or incompatible are explored.