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1.
P. Gobin A.-M. Camblats W. Faurous S. Mathey 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2017,67(1):25-42
Introduction/aim
Several studies have shown that the effects of word emotionality on its processing depend on both its valence and its arousal. Such effects also varied with age. However, in French, there is no norm providing both valence and arousal estimates for words not directly referring to an emotion. That was the aim of this study. Moreover, the base of word emotionality according to age (EMA) we propose here provides categorization for each word in basic emotional subcategories.Method
In total, 1286 French words were evaluated on line on both emotional valence and arousal by 1017 adults from 18 to 82 years old. Moreover, each word judged as negative or positive was attributed to a category (joy, surprise, anger, disgust, fear or sadness).Results
The data showed (1) a quadratic relationship between valence and arousal, maintained across age groups, even if its strength decreased with aging; (2) age-related variations of both valence and arousal estimates; and (3) a modification of valence and arousal evaluations according to affiliation to basic emotional subcategories.Conclusion
The EMA base provides a new tool for studies using emotional words in adulthood, especially for those investigating cognitive functioning in aging or in a specific age group. 相似文献2.
Introduction
The assumption of the stability of intelligence is the source of the predictive value of the Intelligence Quotient (e.g., Full Scale IQ). However, few studies have investigated the long-term stability of one of the most frequently used tests in the field of cognitive assessment: the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – 4th edition (WISC-IV).Objective
For a deeper understanding and a better use of intelligence test scores, this study examined the long-term stability of the standard index scores and five CHC composite scores of the French WISC-IV.Method
A test–retest procedure was used, with an average retest interval of 1.77 year (SD = 0.56 year). This study involved 277 French-speaking Swiss children aged between 7 and 12 years. Three types of stability analysis were conducted: (a) mean-level changes, (b) rank-order consistency and change, and (c) individual-level of change.Results
The observed pattern of mean-level changes suggested a normative mean-level stability for the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), the Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), the General Ability Index (GAI), Comprehension-Knowledge (Gc), and Visual Processing (Gv). Regarding individual differences stability, only the FSIQ and the GAI reached a reliability of .80 required for making decisions about individuals. Using a two standard errors of measurement confidence interval (± 2 SEM), we examined individual-level stability. Results indicated that more than 70% of the children presented stable performances for the GAI, Gc, and Gv scores.Conclusion
Together, nomothetic and idiographic perspectives suggested that the GAI, Gc, and Gv were the most stable scores in our non-clinical sample. 相似文献3.
Introduction
Although the home is of major importance in the lives of people with disabilities, few studies address disability in the literature on home and health. Moreover, people with disabilities and their family members’ perceptions of their homes has rarely been explored.Objective(s)/Method
Using the psycho-environmental potential model as an analytic framework, we conducted interviews with 31 people with spinal cord injury (SCI) and their families. The interviews adressed their perceptions of how their dwellings were promoting or hampering their well-being.Results
Findings showed that the home was perceived by respondents as beneficial to their well-being for a variety of reasons that covered a spectrum of psychological and social needs. Disability seemed to affect the experiences of people with SCI and their family members in different ways.Conclusion
This study illustrates the importance of considering home and disability in a way that goes beyond physical adaptations and includes the various needs of all household members to promote optimal well-being. 相似文献4.
C. Lemercier A. Simoës-Perlant J.R. Schmidt C. Boujon 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2017,67(1):43-50
Introduction/objective
In a sample of 171 participants aged 6 to 18, the present investigation assessed the changes in the size of the Stroop effect with age, and its relationship with the development of expectancies.Method
Experiment 1 consisted in four separated tasks, involving naming print colors or reading color words in either a purely neutral or mixed incongruent/neutral condition. Experiment 2 examined changes in the effect of expectation on color naming and word reading processes with age. We manipulated the stimulus set size (from three to seven different neutral stimuli to name or read per condition) in a neutral word-reading and a neutral color-naming task.Results
As expected, color naming and word reading develop with age, as revealed by decreased response times. More surprisingly, the magnitude of the Stroop effect was similar across age groups. No reversed Stroop effects were observed (Experiment 1). Moreover, increasing the number of different colors to be named slowed color-naming, but did not impact word reading latencies (Experiment 2).Conclusion
A reduction of the cost associated with increasing neutral stimulus set size with age was also observed, revealing the development of expectation processes. The regression analysis linking the data of the two experiments confirmed the impact of expectancies on color-naming but not on word reading. The analysis also supported the idea that the Stroop effect is in part due to expectation. 相似文献5.
Introduction
Historically focused on waste sorting, waste management recently integrates its complementary components: reuse and reduction.Objective
“Pay as you throw” systems are presently fostered by the French prevailing legislation. In this context, our research was designed to assess the relevance of a less coercive approach based on tailored feedback.Method
Thirty-four households took part in the experiment and were divided into two conditions. Households in the feedback condition received weekly information about their residual waste weight during 14 weeks while those in the control condition received no information.Results
Households in the feedback condition reduced their waste weight between the baseline period and the experimental period significantly more than the control condition.Discussion
Interviews of participants and literature review about the feedback approach enables us to suggest improvements and relevant futures studies. 相似文献6.
John Torous Michael E. Levin David K. Ahern Megan L. Oser 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2017,24(2):215-225
Objective
To review the current literature for evidence regarding the feasibility and efficacy of smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral intervention mobile applications, compare such to the number of applications on the commercial marketplaces, and explore potential steps forward for research in the field.Methods
A literature search was conducted for papers published before February 2015 featuring quantitative results on clinical outcomes regarding the use of a smartphone for cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, behavioral activation, and acceptance and commitment therapy. A search for the number of related applications available to consumers on the Apple and Google Play commercial marketplaces was also conducted.Results
Nine studies, described in 11 articles, were identified that featured the use of smartphones in cognitive-behavioral interventions. The majority of studies presented pilot results suggesting the potential feasibility/efficacy of such apps. Four hundred and forty-seven related applications were found to be available on the commercial marketplaces.Conclusions
The research base for smartphone-based cognitive-behavioral intervention mobile applications is preliminary at this point although results are encouraging. There is a discrepancy between the published literature and commercial applications available to consumers. We suggest potential steps forward in research to advance clinical use and research on this topic. 相似文献7.
A. Brault-Labbé V. Veilleux M.-M. Lacroix M.-E. Béliveau C. Gosselin-Leclerc A. Brassard 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(1):23-34
Introduction
Psychological mechanisms associated with academic motivation and academic commitment constitute promising targets for the understanding of the undergraduate students’ well being, during a particularly critical adulthood developmental period in terms of identity formation and vulnerability to psychopathologies.Objective
The present study explored the associations between the self-determination theory's seven academic types of motivation and the multimodal commitment model's three modes of academic commitment among undergraduate students.Method
Data were collected via self-reported questionnaires from a sample of 188 undergraduate students. Multiple regression analyses were performed.Results
Although several results supported the initial hypotheses, some were surprising, namely that some highly self-determined types of motivation were positively associated with some commitment difficulties.Conclusion
The discussion emphasizes the relevance of the combined use of these models to capture a rich and nuanced comprehension of psychological functioning among undergraduate students. A number of identity hypotheses are also formulated to explain the results. 相似文献8.
U. Raja R.A. Sheikh M. Abbas D. Bouckenooghe 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(2):79-88
Introduction
Researchers agree that procedural justice and distributive justice interact so that high procedural fairness reduces the negative consequences of distributive unfairness.Objectives
Our objective was to test the hypothesis that employees in Pakistan (i.e., an underdeveloped economy) would be more focused on rewards than procedures. Therefore, procedural and distributive justice will not interact in predicting employee behaviors.Methods
Using independent measures for organizational justice and job outcomes, we conducted two field surveys (n = 372 and n = 550 paired responses) in Pakistan to examine the direct and combined effects of procedural and distributive justice on job performance, citizenship behaviors, and creativity.Results
In both studies, the results suggest that distributive justice is a more consistent and relatively stronger predictor of job outcomes as compared to procedural justice. The results also showed that procedural justice did not moderate the relationship between distributive justice and employee behaviors.Conclusion
The findings suggest that workers in an underdeveloped economy like Pakistan may be more concerned with fairness in the distribution of rewards than procedural fairness. Therefore, in such context, procedures may be less likely to reduce negative consequences of unfair reward distribution. 相似文献9.
Introduction and objective
An experiment was conducted in a school context to examine whether joy and pride, two positive emotions, can promote children's acquisition of knowledge in a reading comprehension situation.Method
The experiment consisted of inducing either a positive emotion (i.e., joy, pride) or a neutral state to 10-year-old children using an autobiographical recall task. Once the induced state was evaluated, children were submitted to a reading/comprehension task of a neutral text. When they finished reading this text, a questionnaire was used to assess not only their memory of the information provided in the text, but also their ability to make inferences.Results
Our main results highlighted a positive effect of joy on children's inference making.Conclusion
This study confirmed the relevance of taking into account the emotional state of children engaged in knowledge acquisition situations at school. 相似文献10.
Introduction
The present study focuses on patient-centered care and quality of life in dependent aging people living in nursing home.Objective
Our aim was to assess the links between the perceptions of patient-centered care, autonomy, satisfaction with care, and quality of life, according to aging dependent people and to their proxies.Method
Twenty-nine elderly residents in a nursing home and 32 close-relatives were jointly questioned on all indicators.Results
Our results showed that: (1) aging dependent people and proxies have inconsistent perceptions for quality of life and patient-centered care; (2) quality of life is linked to autonomy perception and satisfaction with care in aging dependent people, but only with autonomy perception in proxies; (3) patient-centered care is linked to satisfaction with care in aging people and in proxies.Conclusion
The results propose that fostering patient-centered care in nursing home for aging people may increase satisfaction with care, by involving both dependent residents and close-relatives. 相似文献11.
Introduction
Self-conscious emotions play an important role in children's psychosocial functioning.Objective
To examine how institutionalized children who have been abused and noninstitutionalized children solve socio-moral conflicts and evoke self-conscious emotions to deal with these conflicts.Method
One hundred children aged 5 to 8 years old (50 placed in residential care after abuse and 50 nonabused living with their biological families) were asked to solve the socio-moral conflicts enacted by a set of five story-stems.Results
Institutionalized children describe less adjusted resolutions and less pride in their narratives than noninstitutionalized children do. Children maltreatment revealed no effect on self-conscious emotions of shame and guilt.Conclusion
Maltreatment influences the way children use their emotional and social resources to deal with socio-moral conflicts. 相似文献12.
C. Barreto Carvalho J. Cabral M. Sousa C. da Motta J. Benevides E. Peixoto 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(1):5-10
Introduction
Paranoid ideation has been consistently found as a phenomenon presented across the population continuum, and a theme that most people find in their everyday thoughts.Objective
To validate and study the psychometric properties of the Paranoia Checklist in a mixed (clinical and non-clinical) sample, in an extension of the study by Freeman et al. (2005).Method
Self-report questionnaire were completed by 392 individuals, with the aid of a psychologist when necessary.Results
The PC has shown to be a measure capable of distinguishing between clinical and non-clinical group of participants regarding the two dimensions of paranoid thoughts: frequency and conviction. Scores fitted an exponential curve, similar to the initial studies with the original version of the checklist.Conclusion
The assessment of paranoia has shown to be a continuum process common to clinical and non-clinical groups. The PC is a psychometrically sound measure to assess different paranoid thoughts on a multidimensional perspective and with sensitivity to distinguish groups of patients and healthy individuals, being suitable for use both in clinical and research settings. 相似文献13.
M.-È. Clément M.-H. Gagné C. Chamberland 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(3):141-149
Introduction
The Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scale (Straus et al., 1998) is the most commonly used instrument to document violence against children in the general population. It was translated into French and adapted to be used in several population-based surveys over the past 15 years.Objective
This study aims at verifying the internal consistency and the factorial structure of the three subscales pertaining to violent behaviors (psychological aggression, minor physical violence/corporal punishment and severe physical violence) as well as the invariance of the models according to the sex of the respondent parent.Method
The data were derived from the latest survey on family violence in Québec conducted in 2012 with two independent samples of 4029 mothers and of 1342 fathers of 0- to 17-year-old children. Mothers are on average 38.7 years old and hold a university degree or college diploma (76%). They are most often in employment (82%) and come from two-parent families (71%). Fathers are on average 41.5 years old and have a university degree or college diploma (60%). They most often hold a paid job (91%) and come from a two-parent family (82%).Results
The results show that the three subscales have good internal consistency, as measured by the polychoric alphas. The factorial structure of the subscales was also confirmed for both samples, although the measure of severe physical violence showed some particularities notably because of the asymmetrical distribution of the ordinal answers.Conclusion
The French translation and adaptation of the PC-CTS has good psychometric qualities and its use in the Francophonie context for epidemiological surveillance of parental violence is recommended. 相似文献14.
P. Philippot V. Dethier C. Baeyens M. Bouvard 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(2):69-77
Introduction
Self-discrepancies (the distances between the perceived self and the ideal or the socially prescribed selves) are a hallmark in psychological distress. However, a clinical tool evaluating these discrepancies is lacking.Objective
To investigate the validity, the psychometric characteristics and the clinical relevance of the Self-Discrepancy Scale, an instrument designed to assess with multiple indices discrepancies between mental representations of the self: the actual self, on the one hand and ideal or socially-prescribed selves, on the other hand.Method
The Self-Discrepancy Scale has been administered to a large community sample, together with measures of depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. It was also proposed to an additional clinical sample composed of clients with a diagnosis of mood or anxiety disorders seeking psychotherapeutic help.Results
A factor analysis evidenced three underlying dimensions to self-discrepancies: the size of the discrepancies, the resulting distress and the presence to unwanted traits. Test-retest consistency is in the acceptable range. Different profiles of self-discrepancies distinguished clinical groups suffering from different disorders.Conclusions
The data suggest that the Self-Discrepancy Scale is a valid measure of self-discrepancies and a valuable predictor of emotional vulnerability, especially with regards to abstract global judgments of discrepancies and of discrepancy induced distress. It is concluded that the Self-Discrepancy Scale offers a valuable help in clinical settings. 相似文献15.
J. Minibas-Poussard H.B. Bingol C. Roland-Levy 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(6):205-214
Introduction
The Turkish economy has gone through multiple economic crises, marked on the one hand by a volatile trend in the national financial system, and on the other, by the introduction of credit cards and payment facilities for consumer goods that are extremely easy to obtain.Objective
Inspired by previous research on saving attitudes, motivations, and behavior, this study explores the perceptions of consumption conducted using credit, either in the form of referred monthly payments or credit cards in the Turkish context.Method
To analyze the possible relations between saving attitudes, behaviors and new payment methods, a survey was conducted in Istanbul, with a convenience sample of independent professionals, managers and executives, and small business owners (n = 173). Their attitudes and behavior toward saving, buying on installment, credit card use and debt were combined with measures of self-reported control over spending.Results
Results show that self-reported control variables have some effects on the relationship between saving attitudes and actual saving behavior, concurring with Ajzen's model of planned behavior, but only if income is high.Conclusion
Positive and negative attitudes towards buying on instalment and credit card use are not correlated with saving attitudes or behavior. 相似文献16.
17.
18.
A. Sutton 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(3):117-130
Introduction
The relationship between role personality consistency and well-being is somewhat ambiguous, with past research relying on methods confounded by social desirability or role stereotypes, or conflating consistency with authenticity.Objective
This study uses a robust mixed method approach to establish the distinct impacts of authenticity and personality consistency on well-being.Method
In the quantitative phase, 191 participants completed questionnaires assessing contextualised personality, well-being and authenticity. In the subsequent qualitative phase, a stratified sample of 22 participants completed a series of six open-ended reflective questions.Results
Findings demonstrated significant work-home personality differences at the individual, but not group, level and revealed that authenticity, but not personality consistency, predicted well-being. Thematic analysis demonstrated that authenticity was understood as acting in line with personal values rather than demonstrating behavioural consistency across situations. In addition, while both personality differentiation and inauthenticity were seen as functional, their associations with well-being were substantially different: differentiation was associated with both positive and negative feelings and interpretations, while authenticity was exclusively a positive experience.Conclusion
Authenticity, not personality consistency, is the key contributing factor to well-being. People who feel authentic, regardless of the extent of their contextual personality differentiation, are less stressed and more satisfied. 相似文献19.
Introduction/aim
Computerized Cognitive Tests (CCT) play an increasing role in the assessment of elderly cognitive impairment. In this framework, it is important to review the psychometric data of the available CCT in the detection of cognitive decline.Method
To analyse psychometric properties of the CCT, the available data concerning reliability and validity indices were considered.Results
Only eleven CCT identified with elderly were retained to systematic review. 9 of 11 CCT present some results about their reliability properties; 8 of 11 CCT present results from concurrent validity; only 4 of 11 CCT present data concerning criterion validity; and just 4 of 11 CCT present some results regarding factor analysis.Conclusion
There are only a few papers published with well-structured psychometric data (reliability and validity). Some results have important limitations concerning to the adequacy of reliability and validity indices and some of these CCT psychometric properties were not studied yet. Considering these limitations, more research on the CCT is needed, including systematic studies of their psychometric properties, and Item Response Theory should be considered. 相似文献20.
A. Junça-Silva A. Caetano R. Rueff Lopes 《Revue Européene de Psychologie Appliquée》2018,68(4-5):189-198