子宫内膜异位症规范化治疗模式下的个性化方案

子宫内膜异位症纷繁而不确定的病因、复杂又多变的临床表现,门类众多而又有显著副作用的药物,给其治疗带来诸多困难.这也是导致不同病例治疗方案上众说纷纭、各执一词的主要原因.在一个相对规范的治疗方案或建议指引下,根据每一个病人疾病的具体特点,制定出既有原则性,又有针对性的个性化治疗方案,是非常有临床意义的.本文就个性化治疗方案制定的依据、研究方法及具体措施运用哲学原理加以论述.     

常见老年病与口腔疾病关系的辩证思考及处置

老年口腔疾病患者常合并心脑血管等全身系统性疾病,且其发生、发展及治疗也与全身疾病密切相关,例如:牙周病是冠心病发病的危险因素;糖尿病又可加重牙周病;牙周局部治疗有利于全身血糖的控制;牙病治疗时易引起高血压患者血压暂时升高,应及时进行风险防范。本文通过揭示二者的辩证关系,全面分析全身病史,综合评估治疗风险,制定整体治疗方案,并施以个性化人文关怀,为老年口腔疾病科学的临床诊疗决策,提供合理思路。     

个性化指南：提高质量和降低费用的潜力

在2011年5月3日的美国内科年鉴上大卫博士指出，目前的治疗指南集中于一个特定的风险因素，针对已经分类的少量的治疗患者制定村关的治疗标准。而大卫博士的研究在当前血压的管理方面，赋予患者个性化的指导方针，即用来自每个人的呵利用的个性特征．降低疾病风险，     

乳腺癌康复治疗理念与策略

在乳腺癌诊疗方案制定和具体实施过程中存在康复理念指导下的评估及融入不足,影响了手术方式的抉择与治疗方案的优选,也影响治疗效果和患者的生命质量。因此,乳腺癌治疗在科学、个体化、全程管理的同时,必须从一开始就将康复理念融入到每一个治疗方案准备及设计之中,只有这样才能实现患者尽早健康回归家庭、回归社会,有幸福感的终极目标。     

对癫痫的认识及其外科治疗

人们对癫痫的认识及其外科治疗的发展是一个漫长而复杂的过程,经历高潮、低谷的更迭。科技进步使人们对癫痫正确认识,也使治疗手段更趋于多样化、个性化。     

对癫痫的认识及其外科治疗

人们对癫痫的认识及其外科治疗的发展是一个漫长而复杂的过程,经历高潮、低谷的更迭.科技进步使人们对癫痫正确认识,也使治疗手段更趋于多样化、个性化.     

泌尿系结石CT值的临床应用价值

结石是泌尿系统常见疾病,影响结石治疗方法及疗效的因素主要有:结石的化学成分、结石的大小、结石的位置、解剖异常等,其中结石的化学成分决定了其硬度,也是最重要的影响因素。所以针对不同成分的结石制定个体化治疗方案,有助于提高疗效、改善预后,结石的个体化治疗也越来越多地受到大家的重视。双源CT可初步预测结石成分及其易碎性,为制定治疗方案提供依据,但对于混合性结石仍有一定的局限性,有待进一步研究。     

制定诊疗规范——标准、指南和选择

制定一个诊疗规范,与对一个病人作出具体诊疗方案有相似性。在此两种情况中,人们必须鉴别可用的选择、评价不同选择的结果、确定这些结果是否合乎病人的意愿。诊疗规范可认定为一般的决定——是供给一组病人诊疗而不是一个病人诊疗的建议。     

影响药物治疗的疗效和不良反应的内因和外因

影响药物治疗反应(主要指疗效和不良反应)的因素包括内因(如患者的生理因素、体质因素、病理因素和人文因素等)和外因(如疾病的病因和诱因、药物治疗方案及其执行以及社会环境因素等)。内因是基础,外因是条件,外因通过内因而起作用。内因和外因是相对的,并非一成不变。在制定药物治疗方案时,治疗方向和目标既要针对外因,又不能忽视内因。在实施药物治疗方案时,既要重视医务人员的规范,又要关注患者的教育和指导;既要监测疾病的改善,也要观察患者抵抗力的变化。在分析和处理药学问题时,既要从外因如治疗方案的设计和实施上去找原因,也要重视内因的变化对治疗反应的影响。     

制定诊疗规范--标准、指南和选择

制定一个诊疗规范,与对一个病人作出具体诊疗方案有相似性.在此两种情况中,人们必须鉴别可用的选择、评价不同选择的结果、确定这些结果是否合乎病人的意愿.诊疗规范可认定为一般的决定--是供给一组病人诊疗而不是一个病人诊疗的建议.     

高血压药物基因组学研究现状

抗高血压药物基因组学的发展,促进了药物反应种族差异的发现及其机制的阐明。药物反应遗传学标记的确定和遗传学背景的分析,有助于临床医生选择更适合个体的抗高血压治疗,从而达到最有利于患者的治疗效果。药物基因组学是高血压个体化治疗的分子生物学基础。     

Utilization of Individual versus Family Therapy Among Adolescents with Severe Emotional Disturbance

Service utilization patterns among children with severe emotional and/or behavioral disturbances are described for 89 children and families, interviewed at two time points across a 6-month period. Children received a greater number of individual therapy sessions than family therapy sessions, and children significantly decreased their levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Family therapy was associated with decreases in internalizing behaviors when children reported outcomes. Individual therapy was not associated with changes in either internalizing or externalizing behaviors regardless of reporter. Symptom severity did not dictate whether children were provided individual or family therapy. Recommendations for individualized treatment plans are offered.     

个体化降压的临床意义

高血压是由多种病因和发病机制引起的一种慢性疾病,可以导致多种靶器官功能损害,并最终导致严重的心、脑血管并发症,危及人类的健康和生命。如何做到有效的预防和治疗是目前面,临的问题。本文分析了高血压控制的现状,以矛盾的特殊性原理为指导,从高血压的病因和发病机制、临床特点以及药物对个体的敏感性等诸多方面出发,阐述了高血压患者个体差异性。高血压患者个体差异性决定每一个个体综合控制策略的不同,运用“具体问题具体分析”的方法,为每一个个体制定个体化的血压控制方案,以期达到理想的高血压整体控制水平。     

Efficacy of and preference for reinforcement and response cost in token economies

Researchers have shown that both differential reinforcement and response cost within token economies are similarly effective for changing the behavior of individuals in a group context (e.g., Donaldson, DeLeon, Fisher, & Kahng, 2014; Iwata & Bailey, 1974). In addition, these researchers have empirically evaluated preference for these procedures. However, few previous studies have evaluated the individual effects of these procedures both in group contexts and in the absence of peers. Therefore, we replicated and extended previous research by determining the individual effects and preferences of differential reinforcement and response cost under both group and individualized conditions. Results demonstrated that the procedures were equally effective for increasing on‐task behavior during group and individual instruction for most children, and preference varied across participants. In addition, results were consistent across participants who experienced the procedures in group and individualized settings.     

Does History End with Postmodernism? Toward an Ultramodern Family Therapy*

Although the end of history has often been announced, human thought continues to renew itself, always incorporating, in each of its stages, important aspects of what has come before. In this sense, neither family therapy in general, nor its more particular postmodern orientations, have led to a radical break with the past. Neither can they claim to have reached a comfortable, definitive position. The subjectivist turn that introduced postmodernism into the systemic model has enriched it with important theoretical and practical elements, such as the critique of a therapist's supposed objectivity, circular and reflexive questioning, or the technique of externalization. This article proposes to take the renewal of systemic family therapy farther by addressing still unresolved issues, such as the role of the individual in relational systems, the place of emotions, or the construction of a relational psychopathology. The term "ultramodern family therapy" is proposed until such time as there is agreement upon a better one.     

Assessing Individual Family Members' Constructions of Family Problems

Much contemporary family therapy theory and practice takes into account clients' cognitive constructions of their family problems. Recent calls for therapists to elicit and work with clients' causal explanations and narratives parallel accumulating evidence in the social-clinical literature about the predictive importance of attributions in family relationships. In this article, we introduce the Constructions of Problems Scale (CPS), provide preliminary evidence of its reliability and validity, and suggest ways in which it can be used clinically to reveal new areas for questioning and to generate new ideas. The CPS is a brief questionnaire that can be used to create a profile of each individual family member's private constructions. To complete the CPS, each family member writes a free-form narrative of the presenting problem and then rates his or her perceptions of the contributing causes. The CPS profiles can be used to compare the perspectives of different family members and to assess cognitive constructions at different points in treatment. We discuss its potential for these and other clinical uses.     

Neurobiological tensegrity: The basis for understanding inter-individual variations in task performance?

Bernstein's (1996) levels of movement organization includes tonus, the muscular-contraction level that primes individual movement systems for (re)organizing coordination patterns. The hypothesis advanced is that the tonus architecture is a multi-fractal tensegrity system, deeply reliant on haptic perception for regulating movement of an individual actor in a specific environment. Further arguments have been proposed that the tensegrity-haptic system is implied in all neurobiological perception and -action. In this position statement we consider whether the musculoskeletal system can be conceptualized as a neurobiological tensegrity system, supporting each individual in co-adapting to many varied contexts of dynamic performance. Evidence for this position, revealed in investigations of judgments of object properties, perceived during manual hefting, is based on each participant's tensegrity. The implication is that the background organizational state of every individual is unique, given that no neurobiological architecture (musculo-skeletal components) is identical. The unique tensegrity of every organism is intimately related to individual differences, channeling individualized adaptations to constraints (task, environment, organismic), which change over different timescales. This neurobiological property assists transitions from one stable state of coordination to another which is needed in skill adaptation during performance. We conclude by discussing how tensegrity changes over time according to skill acquisition and learning.     

Why Do People Prefer Individual Therapy Over Group Therapy?

The current study aims to identify the reason people avoid group therapy despite its recognized effectiveness. Participants were 224 university students, men and women from two ethnic groups (Jewish and Arab) in Israel. We asked them to mark their preference for individual or group therapy on a 7-point scale and add five arguments in favor and against each type of therapy. Results verified the tendency to prefer individual over group therapy, with minor gender or ethnic effects. Participant arguments indicated accuracy in identifying the strength of group therapy, but various fears limit their enthusiasm about group therapy. The discussion focuses on possible ways to overcome those fears.     

Framing Childhood Obesity: How Individualizing the Problem Affects Public Support for Prevention

Political actors recognize the power of framing problems using personalized examples and causal stories to shape public opinion. Yet little is known about how these frames interact. This research presents the results of three studies designed to investigate the effect of “individualizing” the problem of childhood obesity, in combination with information about causes of obesity, on public support for obesity prevention policies (Studies 1 and 2) and to examine how frequently the news media rely on individual depictions of obese children to portray the problem in actual news coverage (Study 3). Results from two experiments consistently demonstrated that, regardless of how the cause of childhood obesity was framed, when a news report identified an individual obese child, participants were less likely to support prevention policies than when the report described the problem in more general terms. A content analysis indicated that news articles relatively infrequently frame the problem using individualized depictions of a specific child. When specific overweight or obese children were mentioned, news coverage emphasized internal (behavioral and genetic) causes rather than factors external to the child such as neighborhood, economic, or food‐industry factors. Findings underscore the importance of considering attitudes toward a policy's target population when assessing how individual depictions of a policy problem influence public sentiment.