生殖器疱疹研究现状及诊疗过程中的伦理问题

生殖器疱疹是单纯疱疹病毒感染生殖器部位皮肤黏膜所引起的炎症性疾病,是常见的性传播性疾病之一.近年来,随着其在人群中的流行率的不断增高,在国内已成为一个令人关注的公共卫生问题.本文就其病原学、流行状况、传播和潜在的危险性作一概述,并分析了在其诊疗过程中的伦理问题及相关的对策.     

从临床和发育来看儿童的害怕和恐惧

在神经心理紊乱中,恐惧反应是最常见的形式之一。恐惧是焦虑性疾病的主要成分,焦虑性疾病的流行率为2％～4％,①然而恐惧的流行率报道却有很大的差异。目前临床对儿童时期的恐惧研究不多,而对成人恐惧的研究中发现许多患者在儿童时期已有很明显的恐惧现象,②因此,临床应尽早发现。在回顾儿童恐惧的治疗和病因过程中,应先弄清楚儿童正常害怕的发育过程,以澄清儿童时期恐惧的评价、诊断和治疗在发育上的重要性。     

真悔,有那一次

性病是通过性行为传播的疾病,在旧社会又称“花柳病”。传统的性病包括:淋病、梅毒、软下疳、性病肉芽肿等。现代性病概念有所扩大,包括一些病毒、霉菌、疥螨以及70年代西方国家流行的艾滋病等二十多种疾病。性病是一种社会性疾病,很早以前就在世界范围内流行,在西方国家由于抗生素(如磺胺)的出现,使某些性病有所下降,但在60年代以来,西方的一些人对性生活的观念有所改变,所谓“性解放”、“性自由”在社会上泛滥,使性病有所抬头。在我国,解放前性病的流行也十分严重,新中国成立后各级政府采     

流行病学实践与研究相关的伦理学视角与思考

随着社会的发展,公共卫生领域的伦理学问题不断显露,有必要对其重新审视。探讨了目前在公共卫生领域流行病学实践与研究中存在和涉及到的一些伦理问题,有传染病报告、隔离、免疫规划、艾滋病防治、传染病应急机制、流行病学调查和试验研究等,并就公共卫生领域中的伦理实践原则进行了概括。     

微流控分析芯片在循环肿瘤细胞检测中的运用

随着人们对于肿瘤性疾病的发生、发展、转移机制的进一步探索,循环肿瘤细胞（CTCs）逐渐进入人们视野,其应用价值日益体现,可用于肿瘤性疾病的早期诊断及治疗效果的监测,尤其是对于早期肿瘤的诊断具有独特优势。其富集技术及检测方法也在发生着日新月异的变化。近年来,微流控分析芯片技术运用于 CTCs 的富集及检测,具有高丰度、高富集度、高活性及不需要对样本进行预处理等优点使得人们聚焦于此技术,本文对微流控分析芯片在 CTCs 检测中的运用做简要综述。     

脊柱结核个体化综合治疗的思考

近年来脊柱结核迅速增多,严重威胁着人类的健康。本文分析目前脊柱结核治疗中存在的问题,围绕这些问题,从脊柱结核的化疗、手术、围手术期处理、术后督导治疗方面综合思考个体化综合治疗在脊柱结核中的应用。通过这些分析和思考,以期引导我们用系统全面的观点治疗脊柱结核,并最终控制其流行。     

设计产品的流行与审美

从材料、技术、结构和形式四个方面对设计产品的流行与审美元素加以分析,从中不难看出:流行已经成了设计审美价值判断的重要方面,其对一个设计产品的方方面面都会产生影响。尤其是现代设计的审美判断,流行已经是一个避不开的话题。可见,设计产品的流行与审美是一种相互依存、相互促进的关系,在一定条件下可以相互转化。当前,如何在西方文化浪潮的冲击下,将自己本民族特有的审美习惯融入到当下的产品设计中去,以一种自信的姿态走上国际舞台,是当前中国产品设计急需解决的问题之一。     

钠尿肽系统与胃肠功能障碍性疾病的研究

钠尿肽(natriuretic peptides,NP)是具有生物活性的多聚肽类,以激素或神经递质形式发挥生理作用。自从在胃肠道内发现钠尿肽的免疫反应物质,钠尿肽系统与胃肠功能障碍性疾病的研究越来越受到重视,本文就钠尿肽系统在胃肠道内存在形式、作用机制及胃肠功能障碍性疾病中的作用做一综述。     

不能以“人的全面发展”替代“个人全面而自由的发展”

个人全面发展理论在马克思主义中的重要地位,已经得到人们的普遍认知和重视。十余年来,国内理论界对该理论进行了多学科、多角度的探讨,成果是令人瞩目的。同时,我们也注意到并不能不指出,该理论有些基本问题被一些研究者“轻易”地忽略了。其典型表现是这样一种普遍流行的提法:人的全面发展。而马克思始终一贯的提法是“个人的全面而自由     

朦胧花季,请走好!

这是一封沉甸甸的咨询信,十几页的信纸吐露了一个17岁少女成长中的困惑、挫折和痛苦。 幼年时,懵懂无知的她在一个老头的诱使下摸玩他的生殖器,但似乎并没留下深刻的印象。初三时,上语文课的男老师在教室中走,走到她身边时,她偶然地     

单纯疱疹性角膜炎治疗的思考

单纯疱疹病毒性角膜炎是目前最常见的严重角膜病之一,近几年来其发病率有明显上升的趋势。由于其重症病例所占比例较高,复发率高,严重威胁视功能,故对本病的治疗方法的研究,已成为眼科亟待解决的课题。纵观目前研究的深入及治疗方法的多元化,拟对本病治疗的创新性进行论述。     

Effects of decompressive surgery on prognosis and cognitive deficits in herpes simplex encephalitis

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is a serious viral infection with a high rate of mortality. The most commonly seen complications are behavioral changes, seizures and memory deficits. We report the case of a 37-year-old man with HSE in the right temporal lobe and a severe midline shift who was treated with acyclovir. The patient underwent anterior temporal lobe resection. Although HSE can cause permanent cognitive deficits, in this case, early surgical intervention minimized any deficit, as determined by detailed neuropsychological examination. Surgical decompression is indicated as early as possible in severe cases. This case report emphasizes the effect of surgical decompression for HSE on cognitive function, which has rarely been mentioned before.     

Meritocracy: A Critique

Herpes Simplex, by T. Natasha Posner, The Experience of Illness Series, London: Routledge, 1998, 143 pages, paperback £13.99     

Psychoimmunology and aids: Psychological distress and herpes simplex virus in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals

Abstract

No studies investigating the relationship of herpesviruses and psychological distress in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection are available in the literature. Antibody titers for Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr (EBV) and Herpes Simplex virus (HSV) were assessed from sera drawn at the lime of psychological testing for one hundred HIV seropositive subjects. Increased psychological distress was correlated with increased titers of antibody to HSV, but not to CMV or EBV. Psychological distress may play a role in the devastating HSV infections experienced by immune deficient individuals. A stress mediated reactivation/potentiation hypothesis is discussed, where distress reactivates latent HSV which in turn potentiates HIV replication. These results may have implications for treatment of individuals co-infected with HIV and HSV.     

Memory for/and execution of future intentions: evidence from patients with Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

Prospective remembering was studied in a group of patients who suffered from Herpes Simplex Encephalitis (HSE). All patients showed a marked deficit in executing intentions for future actions under all the given constraints. The deficit extended to both time- and event-based intentions. The analysis of errors showed somewhat different patterns and some dissociations with evidence for selective preservation or damage to specific components involved in prospective remembering. These patients, in fact, may fail because of a difficulty in taking into account all given constraints or in activating stored intentions and in forming intentions or in remembering the content of the actions. Time- and event-based tasks seem to show different sources of errors also in the same patient.     

Pathology of inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system--an autopsy analysis 1967-1988

This paper deals with investigations of CNS-inflammations based on 23,338 autopsies in the period from 1967 to 1988. Inflammatory CNS-findings were observed in 210 cases (0.9 per cent). Their etiology was caused bacterially in 66 per cent and viral infections were found in 20 per cent. Additionally multiple sclerosis appeared in 14 per cent of all CNS-inflammations. The meningitis dominated among the bacterial infections and the leukencephalitis and nekrotizing polioencephalitis of Herpes type among the viral inflammations. The histological classification of the nonbacterial inflammations was difficult or impossible in 9 per cent. A clinical diagnosis was established only in 70 per cent of all cases. Especially babies and patients at the age about 60 or 70 were involved.     

Cognitive Outcome in Acute Sporadic Encephalitis

Acute encephalitis is an inflammation of the brain parenchyma. In the United States, 20,000 cases occur yearly. A variety of cognitive deficits, often the sole cause of disability, may persist after the acute stage. Still, infectious diseases tend to be covered only briefly in neuropsychological handbooks. Recent literature demonstrates the heterogeneity of both amnestic disorders and the outcome following encephalitides. Herpes Simplex virus (HSV), the most common single etiology of sporadic encephalitis, usually causes the most severe symptoms. Modern antiviral medication, however, seems to improve the cognitive outcome. Much less is known about non-HSV encephalitides, where both mild and severe defects have been observed. This article summarizes the current knowledge and also calls upon a more active neuropsychological research in the area.     

A componential analysis of visual object recognition deficits in patients with herpes simplex virus encephalitis

Five patients with a diagnosis of Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis (HSVE) underwent neuropsychological assessment to explore the integrity of their visual perceptual abilities. Selective deficits affecting different levels of the recognition processing were found; impaired recognition abilities were also influenced by selective task requirements, which resulted either in facilitatory or constraining effects on patients' performance. A theoretical model of object recognition (Humphreys & Riddoch, 1987) was taken into account to explain patients' performance. Further, the role of specific components of visual processing was evidenced in explaining the performance of patients affected by HSVE.     

Semantic memory disorders

Semantic memory encompasses knowledge of objects, facts and words. A number of brain regions are probably involved, but the left infero-lateral temporal lobe appears to play a key role. The separability of semantic memory from episodic (or autobiographical) memory is a focus of current debate. Impaired semantic memory is a common feature of Alzheimer's disease but is invariably overshadowed by a profound deficit in episodic memory. In semantic dementia, a rarer disorder associated with focal temporal-lobe atrophy, there is selective loss of semantic memory, characterized by preservation of superordinate knowledge of words, and objects, but loss of finer-grained information. This pattern can be interpreted as a degradation of features from a distributed network of semantic representations. Following Herpes simplex encephalitis, patients sometimes show disproportionate loss of knowledge for natural kinds (e.g. animals) with relative preservation of knowledge about artefacts, this may reflect differential damage to neural systems critical for perceptual as opposed to functional features, perceptual properties being more salient in knowledge about natural kinds.     

Psychosocial enhancement of immunocompetence in a geriatric population

This study assessed the enhancement of immunocompetence by relaxation and social contact in 45 geriatric residents of independent-living facilities. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three protocols: relaxation training, social contact, or no contact. Subjects in the relaxation and social-contact conditions were seen individually three times a week for a month. Blood samples and self-report data were obtained at baseline, at the end of the intervention, and at a 1-month follow-up. At the end of the intervention, the relaxation group showed a significant increase in natural killer cell activity, and significant decreases in antibody titers to Herpes simplex virus and self-rated distress; the other two groups showed nonsignificant changes. There was a general increase in the T-lymphocyte response to phytohemagglutinin stimulation at the end of the intervention, with greater change at lower mitogen concentrations. These data suggest that cellular immunocompetence may be enhanced by psychosocial interventions.