肿瘤分子生物学行为与其影像表现关系的探讨

肿瘤基因表达与其影像表现有一定的相关性,为我们用无创的影像学方法显示肿瘤的生物学特征提供了可能.探寻肿瘤分子生物学特性与其影像表现的内在联系,以期对肿瘤浸润和转移做出正确的诊断,从而为临床选择治疗方案、判断疗效和评估预后等提供更多、更有价值的信息.     

医学影像技术在急性肠系膜血管缺血性疾病诊治中的作用

医学影像技术是诊治急性肠系膜血管缺血性疾病的主要手段,其中数字减影血管造影是诊断的金标准,但是由于设备复杂、昂贵而无法在基层医院普及。基于超声、CT和MRI的无创性检查在一定程度上可以为急性肠系膜血管缺血性疾病的诊治提供帮助,但是可能因为医生的经验、肠道气体等因素而影响其敏感性。近年来基于分子影像的近红外荧光成像技术在肿瘤定位和边界判定、微循环评估和淋巴结定位等领域开始尝试应用,表现出很好的临床价值。在急性肠系膜血管缺血性疾病的诊治中也有个案报道,尤其在外科手术决策中具有很好的指导作用。     

身体视觉的多元化表现——王小慧摄影作品研究

王小慧以照相机为媒介对身体视觉进行多元化的表现,以其女性的视角对身体视觉进行女性化的表达。在她的摄影作品中,以自拍的方式来表现现代身体影像,其一,满足观看者的"窥视"欲;其二,是对自我认识的一种探索和表达。以花卉为创作题材,以隐喻式的表现方式使之与身体产生联想和想象,传达出身体视觉的观念性和多义性。王小慧的摄影作品是以身体或身体以外的事物为表现载体,对身体视觉进行艺术化的表达,以摄影所特有的属性对身体视觉影像进行记录,丰富身体视觉的多元化。     

论科学观察与逻辑思维在影像诊断中的应用

影像诊断的正确性,在相当程度上取决于对影像表现特点的科学观察及其所代表的解剖、病理基础的认识和逻辑思维方法的合理运用。1　为了确保观察过程及其所获资料的科学性、合理性,我们必须遵循一定的原则和使用一定的技巧。其中在影像观察中最常涉及的有客观性原则、全面性原则、目的性原则和动态性原则及合理选择观察工具的技巧和对比的技巧。11　客观性原则。作为一名医学科学工作者,影像诊断医生在实际工作中首先必须有实事求是的科学态度,始终坚持科学观察的客观性原则。即应如实地反映影像所见,既不人为地夸大,也不人为地缩小;更不能先…     

医学影像学诊断思维中若干问题的思考

医学影像中涉及项目繁多的影像技术和复杂的影像学诊断,各类影像技术在不断发展,推动了影像诊断水平的提高,从而促进了临床治疗水平的提高;疾病的发展和转归是一个动态的过程,疾病的影像学诊断更是一个错综复杂的认识过程,在日常影像诊断工作中遇到的"同病异影"、"异病同影"等各类影像学疾病诊断难点,需要影像科医师用客观的、辩证的思维看待疾病发展变化过程中所产生的各类影像学表现,以及影像学新技术的应用,做到选择合理的影像检查项目,并给出可靠的影像学诊断。     

浅谈服装设计中的时装摄影

从20世纪初至今,时装摄影经历了飞速的发展.当今的时装摄影必须了解和表现服装设计师的思想,并与化妆师、美容师以及影像顾问师相互配合,才能够真正表现出时装摄影独特的审美内涵.     

肝癌和血瘤的MRI诊断思维

肝癌和血瘤的ＭＲＩ诊断思维湖南医科大学湘雅医院（４１０００８）彭仁罗湖南省儿童医院（４１０００７）陈桦分析与综合是自然辩证法的基本法则［１］,也是影像诊断思维的基本方法。肝细胞癌（ＨＣＣ）和肝海绵状血管瘤（ＨＣＨ）都是临床上常见的肿瘤。前者为恶性,后...     

超声造影鉴别卵巢癌与盆腹腔结核的意义

超声造影能显著增强显示微小血管的能力,并能进行特定区域的半定量分析,已广泛应用于肿瘤诊断的影像研究中。因缺乏满意的辅助检查方法,盆腹腔结核与卵巢癌的鉴别诊断极为困难。本文探讨是否能利用超声造影对肿瘤血管显示的优势,通过肿瘤与炎症血管生成差异来鉴别卵巢癌与结核,从而开创一条无创、准确且快速的诊断方法。     

临床肿瘤治疗决策的思考

肿瘤是一种全身性疾病,虽表现为局部的肿块,但其实质是全身免疫功能受损导致某些组织失去控制的异常生长,机体内部由于肿瘤的生长而发生了许多改变。肿瘤治疗的目的在于延长患者生存时间,即与疾病共生存。肿瘤并发症的治疗和术后肿瘤复发或再生的预防在改善生存方面发挥着重要作用。严格的技术准入和规范化治疗是提高治疗效果的保证。     

影响海报设计变革与创新的因素探析

在时代的变迁中,科学技术的每一次进步都推动着海报的创新与发展:首先,造纸术为海报艺术提供新载体;其次,印刷术为海报艺术提供新动力;再次,影像技术为海报艺术提供新形式;最后,数字技术为海报艺术提供新生命。海报设计只有不断地在新技术、新媒介、新传达方式等推动下进行创新和发展,不断地寻求新的表达形式,才能在信息爆炸的时代中蓬勃发展起来。     

Caste attitudes of college students in India

Data from college students in North and South India tend to support our earlier findings of a positive relationship between the educational level and the degree of liberalism (Anant, 1972). With few exceptions a higher percentage of students than respondents from the general population gave liberal responses to most of the items in our questionnaire. A higher percentage of North and South Indian students gave liberal responses to items dealing with general attitudes toward caste-system and toward interaction with Harijans (former ‘untouchables’), but the differences were reversed in the responses to items dealing with special privileges for the depressed castes.     

Two tests of Maslow's theory of need fulfillment

In a two-part test of Maslow's theory of human motivation, two relationships were explored: (1) the relationship between need importance and need deficiencies, and (2) the relationship between need deficiencies and life satisfaction. The subjects were groups of women college graduates in three types of occupations: professional-managerial, clerical-sales, and homemaking. In the first study, group differences in actual deficiencies did not support the hypothesis that need importance is negatively correlated with need deficiencies. Rankings of the deficiencies for the three groups, however, were consistent with the hypothesized relationship, as were the small but significant correlations that were obtained between need importance and deficiency values. In the second study, the findings gave partial support to Maslow's theory in that a significant relationship was found between need fulfillment and life satisfaction for two of the three occupational groups. The findings of both studies are discussed in relation to considerations in women's career development.     

The relationship between procrastination and academic performance: A meta-analysis

Previous findings on the relationship between procrastination and academic performance are inconsistent. We conducted a meta-analysis of 33 relevant studies involving a total of 38,529 participants to synthesize these findings. This analysis revealed that procrastination was negatively correlated with academic performance; this relationship was influenced by the choice of measures or indicators. The use of self-report scales interfered with detection of a significant relationship between procrastination and academic performance. The demographic characteristics of participants in individual studies also affected the observed relationship. Implications of this meta-analysis are discussed.     

Relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms in emerging adults: cross-sectional associations and moderating effects of relationship characteristics

Extending research that was based on married adults, we explored associations between romantic relationship satisfaction and depressive symptoms in a sample of 484 emerging adults (ages 18-25) in nonmarital dating relationships. In addition, we investigated whether the relationship characteristics of relationship length, interdependence (i.e., investment size and quality of alternatives) and commitment moderated these associations. Overall, there was a negative association between relationship quality and depressive symptoms that was stronger for emerging adult women than men, echoing findings from married adults. The extent to which relationship characteristics moderated this association generally differed by gender. For men, the negative association between satisfaction and depressive symptoms was moderate to strong in relationships of above-average interdependence, commitment, and length, but it was weak in shorter and less interdependent relationships and nonexistent in relatively uncommitted relationships. In contrast, for women, the association between relationship satisfaction and symptoms was moderate to strong at all levels of interdependence and commitment, although amplified at higher commitment levels. Interestingly, shorter relationship length was associated with a stronger association between satisfaction and depressive symptoms for women. In general, findings suggest the importance of romantic relationship quality to the emotional well being of emerging adults, particularly young women, and highlight gender differences in relationship processes during this life period.     

Expanding the link between core self-evaluations and affective job attitudes

The present study examined the differentiated relationship between core self-evaluations and affective job attitudes. In previous research, job characteristics were proposed to mediate this relationship. However, the facets of the job characteristics model have not yet been assessed separately. In the present study we tested which job characteristics (i.e., skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback) mediate the relationship between core self-evaluations and job satisfaction as well as organizational commitment in a sample of 199 employees. Results revealed that core self-evaluations were related to job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Task significance was found to mediate these relationships. These findings are discussed with respect to the level on which people regulate their actions.     

Linking Procedural Justice to Turnover Intentions: A Longitudinal Study of the Mediating Effects of Perceived Job Characteristics

The present study examined the mediating role of perceived job characteristics on the relationship between procedural justice and turnover intentions. The results of a longitudinal field study (N = 82) indicate that the relationship between procedural justice and turnover intentions was partially mediated by perceived job characteristics. Additionally, it was found that the mediating effects remained significant, even when controlling for negative affectivity. The implications of the findings for research and practice are discussed.     

Strategy use,the development of automaticity,and working memory involvement in complex multiplication

Participants practiced a set of complex multiplication problems (e.g., 3 x 18) in a pre-/postpractice design. Before, during, and after practice, the participants gave self-reports of problem-solving strategies. At prepractice, the most common strategy was a mental version of the standard multidigit algorithm, and dual tasks revealed that working memory load was high and heavier for problems solved via nonretrieval strategies. After practice, retrieval was used almost exclusively, and participant variability, automaticity level of problems (proportion of trials on which retrieval was used over the entire experiment), and error rates were significant predictors of problem-solving latencies. Practice reduced working memory involvement to minimal levels, and there was no relationship between automaticity level and working memory load. The commonalities between the present findings and findings related to automaticity development in simple arithmetic are discussed.     

Defining a family heritage and a new relationship identity: two central tasks in the making of a marriage

The roles of origin family environmental characteristics and couple consensus-building process within the development of marital relationships were examined prospectively in 16 premarital couples. Three important findings emerged. First, significant correlations were found between dimensions of origin family environment and the reported level of satisfaction within the couple's current relationship. Second, measures of the couple's ability to reach consensus concerning important interpersonal relationships appeared to be important mediators of the association between origin family environment and current relationship satisfaction. Third, important gender differences emerged that replicate and extend prior findings that portray women in the role of "relationship specialist" within their marriages. As a group, these findings were best explained by a developmental model of early marriage that envisions the young couple as facing two entwined tasks: to define both their family heritage and their new relationship identity. Overall, the importance of examining family-of-origin characteristics and consensus-building process as critical determinants of the fate of intimate relationships received strong support. The gender differences found in the literature reviewed, as well as the results of this study, have largely been overlooked by the theory and practice of family therapy. Efforts on both the research and theory construction fronts are needed to increase our understanding of the mechanisms whereby prior family experience is brought forward into current intimate relationships.     

Exploring Characteristics of Children Presenting to Counseling for Grief and Loss

To date, researchers exploring childhood bereavement have largely relied on unstandardized assessment instruments and/or have independently evaluated specific constructs rather than factoring in the dimensionality of loss. The purpose of this study was to utilize psychometrically established instruments to examine the multivariate shared relationship between characteristics of bereaved children referred for counseling--their ages, genders, ethnicities, types of loss, and life stressors—and their behavioral manifestations as well as the relationship between these characteristics and levels of parent-child relational stress. Utilizing archival clinical files, we examined these characteristics from bereaved children (N?=?98) whose parents sought counseling services from two university-based counseling clinics. Two canonical correlational analyses (CCA) were conducted to examine the following: (1) relationship between characteristics of bereaved children and their subsequent behavioral manifestations, (2) relationship between characteristics of bereaved children and levels of parent-child relational stress. Correlational findings from this study provided insight into bereaved children’s manifestations of loss and levels of parent-child relational stress as contingent upon these specific characteristics. Specifically, results indicated a strong relationship between age and bereaved children’s behavioral manifestations. This finding reinforced the importance for clinicians to understand developmental implications when working with bereaved children. Furthermore, caregivers who reported minimal overall external stressors also reported less parent-child relational interference. This finding further emphasizes the importance for caregivers to maintain utmost stability for bereaved children.     

Caretaking,Separation From Parents,and the Development of Eating Disorders

The authors investigated the relationship between the cognitive and behavioral indicators of eating disorders and characteristics of codependency, including exaggerated caretaking and constricted emotion. In addition, the role of family environment was investigated through an assessment of separation from parents. College women who displayed more codependent characteristics evidenced higher levels of eating disordered behavior and conflictual separation from parents. The findings suggest that codependency may serve as an additional variable in the relationship between eating disorders and separation/individuation difficulties. Implications for counseling with college women are discussed.