药物不良反应侵权诉讼问题研究

药物不良反应侵权诉讼是一种特殊的民事侵权诉讼。药品的生产者、药品经营者以及医疗机构都可能成为诉讼中的被告。药物不良反应侵权诉讼中的许多案件事实实行举证倒置。主要举证倒置事实有:药品缺陷、因果关系、免责事由、医疗过错等。     

精神病人社区影响因素分析及对策思考

精神病人作为一个"弱势群体",需要全社会给予积极的关注与支持.近年来,开展了以社区为基础的康复护理,但要使得精神病人得到更好的照顾,还需要政府、社会工作者,医务人员与家庭的共同努力与协作,形成自上而下的互相监督的系统模式,本文仅就我国精神病人社区康复工作存在的问题提出参考性的建议.     

医疗侵权诉讼举证责任倒置若干问题评议

20 0 2年 4月 1日始 ,《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》(以下简称“若干规定”)正式生效 ,近来新闻热炒的焦点之一是所谓的“医疗侵权诉讼举证责任倒置”。具体内容见“若干规定”的第四条第八项 :“因医疗行为引起的侵权诉讼 ,由医疗机构就医疗行为与损害结果之间不存在因果关系及不存在医疗过错承担举证责任。”众多的专家解说此条时 ,总是极富鼓动性地告诉公众 :2 0 0 2年 4月 1日以后告医院 ,患方就很轻松了 ,只需证明自己有损害事实 ,并且曾在被告处就诊就无需再举证了。本文试就“医疗侵权诉讼中患方举证责任的负担”、“…     

药物不良反应补偿体系国际比较研究

药品在治疗疾病过程中有着不可或缺的作用,但药品在使用过程中也往往容易发生药物不良反应,并造成患者很重的经济负担,很多国家都针对药品不良反应建立救济保险制度。从基金筹资、补偿制度、管理等角度对国际上几个国家的药物不良反应补偿体系进行分析,以期我们在建立自己相应的药物不良反应补偿体系时有所借鉴。     

美术作品侵权判断的特殊性问题研究

美术作品的性质决定了其具有"非引注性"和复制的"非等同性"两大特征.此二特征导致在对美术作品的侵权判断上出现了一些特殊问题:传统方法是否失灵、怎样判断相同历史题材美术作品的独创性、具有相同取景角度的美术作品是否构成侵权等等.对这些问题的解决既有理论的必要性,又有现实的紧迫性;既要从美术作品的创作规律中找到根据,又要运用版权法的基础理论对现行法加以解释,从而寻求到最优解决路径.     

药物安全:不良反应及其监测

药品是疾病治疗的重要手段,如何发挥药品的最大疗效,降低其不良反应,一直是关注的热点问题.近年来,随着新药的不断上市,药物不良反应发生率呈上升趋势.针对这种情况,从如何认识、判定、预防、处理四个方面,对药物不良反应进行了分析,旨在使药物不良反应得到关注,使用药安全、有效.     

药物安全：不良反应及其监测

药品是疾病治疗的重要手段,如何发挥药品的最大疗效,降低其不良反应,一直是关注的热点问题。近年来,随着新药的不断上市,药物不良反应发生率呈上升趋势。针对这种情况,从如何认识、判定、预防、处理四个方面,对药物不良反应进行了分析,旨在使药物不良反应得到关注,使用药安全、有效。     

利用药物包装制售假药的侵权责任

在利用药物包装制售假药致人损害案件中,医院清洁人员与制售假药者构成共同侵权行为,应当承担共同侵权责任.医院未尽到相应监管职责,与制售假药者构成二人以上无意思联络的按份侵权责任,应当承担相应的补充责任.同时,为了加强对受害人的救济,建议采取社会保险以及救助基金机制,补充侵权责任法的不足.     

靶向药物不良反应的认识与思考

新的靶向药物出现提高了抗癌疗效.降低了毒性,使转移性恶性肿瘤患者从治疗中获益.靶向药物耐受性好.通常出现轻微或中度的毒副反应.尽管大多数不良反应是可以得到迅速处理的,但是严重的甚至危及生命的不良反应仍能够发生.因此.为更好地指导临床实践工作.该文综述了实体瘤治疗中常用靶向药物的主要不良反应和安全数据,并按照药物的作用靶点和信号通路进行了组织分类.     

留守儿童心理健康状况影响因素分析及对策思考

留守儿童是一个需要予以高度重视的群体,其心理健康问题检出率较高,心理健康状况令人堪忧;其心理问题是学校、社会、父母、监护人与留守儿童自身等多种因素交互作用的产物;通过多元互动,即加强社区、学校、父母、监护人与留守儿童的互动,可促进留守儿童心理健康发展。     

留守儿童心理健康状况影响因素分析及对策思考

留守儿童是一个需要予以高度重视的群体,其心理健康问题检出率较高,心理健康状况令人堪忧;其心理问题是学校、社会、父母、监护人与留守儿童自身等多种因素交互作用的产物;通过多元互动,即加强社区、学校、父母、监护人与留守儿童的互动,可促进留守儿童心理健康发展.     

变性术后患者心理状况的影响因素分析及对策

变性术后的患者是个特殊的弱势群体,心理问题非常突出,它是生理、个人、家庭、社会等多种因素交互影响的结果;因此,通过社会、家庭及个体的共同努力,帮助其建立良好的个体心理模式,稳定其心理状态,可促进其心理的健康发展,这对于变性手术的成功和帮助变性后患者重新走向社会有重要意义.     

变性术后患者心理状况的影响因素分析及对策

变性术后的患者是个特殊的弱势群体,心理问题非常突出,它是生理、个人、家庭、社会等多种因素交互影响的结果;因此,通过社会、家庭及个体的共同努力,帮助其建立良好的个体心理模式,稳定其心理状态,可促进其心理的健康发展,这对于变性手术的成功和帮助变性后患者重新走向社会有重要意义。     

The Influence of Family and Community Factors on Ethnic Identity

Ethnic identity (EI) is influenced by many factors, but few studies have examined the relative contribution of parenting style and other factors to EI. We addressed this gap by examining the effects of family and community factors on the EI of ethnic minority students enrolled in graduate psychology programs in the United States. The results suggest that family, peers, and experiences of discrimination significantly influence EI. Familial cultural socialization was the strongest contributor to EI. La identidad étnica (EI, por sus siglas en inglés) recibe influencia de muchos factores, pero pocos estudios han examinado la contribución relativa del estilo parental y otros factores a la EI. Abordamos este vacío examinando los efectos de los factores de familia y comunidad en la EI de estudiantes de minorías étnicas matriculados en programas de psicología de posgrado en los Estados Unidos. Los resultados sugieren que la familia, los compañeros y las experiencias de discriminación influyen en la EI de forma significativa. La socialización cultural familiar fue el factor que ejerció la mayor influencia sobre la EI.     

Sense of Community in Clubhouse Programs: Member and Staff Concepts

Psychological sense of community within psychosocial rehabilitation clubhouse programs was examined using concept mapping with 18 members and 18 staff from 10 programs. Members identified four concepts: Recovery, social connections, membership, and tasks and roles. Members described hope and healing as aspects of recovery. Members' views on sense of community focused on the rehabilitation and social nature of the program. Staff also identified four concepts: Affiliation and support for members, shared experiences, clubhouse organization, and task and roles. The staff concept of clubhouse organization, which incorporated the ideas of leadership and organization of physical space and the concept of task and roles, was based on ideas of shared responsibility and clubhouse procedures. Staffs' views on sense of community strongly reflected their formal training in clubhouse principles. The relation of these concepts to McMillan and Chavis' theoretical framework for sense of community is discussed and recommendations for practice provided. Sandra E. Herman is now an independent program evaluation consultant. Catherine Ferguson is now an independent consultant on psychosocial programs.     

医生的工作倦怠及对策

工作倦怠理论的提出始于20世纪70年代,它描述了个体在工作中长期面对情感和人际压力所导致的心理反应。随着该理论的不断发展完善,目前已成为劳动与职业健康领域研究的热点之一。医生做为工作倦怠的高发群体,工作倦怠对其影响及危害不容忽视。因此探讨医生工作倦怠产生的原因,寻求克服倦怠的方法,已成为医疗职业群体研究中的重要问题。     

Community reintegrating former child soldiers in Northern Uganda: A qualitative study on the road to recovery

This study aimed to profile the qualities of a holistic community reintegration program for former child soldiers (FCS) in the Lira region of Northern Uganda. Informants were a convenience sample of 37 FCS (age range 17 to 34, mean age 23.86, SD = 4.715 years; females = 29.73%). FCS completed semi-structured interviews on their current living situations and existing resources. This was aimed at assessing how they were transitioning back into the community and identifying gaps in resources. About 24% of FCS reported feeling unwelcome in their communities, suggesting a need for additional support and resources through the community integration models. Thematic analysis of the data suggests that the FCS would benefit from a holistic community reintegration program with the following qualities: psychosocial support, workforce development training, and job placement. FCS emphasised the need for skills training and employment opportunities over health and wellness; suggesting that mental health support and health care are not sufficient alone for them to successfully reintegrate into the community. FCS community integration policies and practices should prioritise holistic approaches.     

Risk Factors for Community Violence Exposure in Adolescence

Community violence is recognized a significant public health problem. However, only a paucity of research has examined risk factors for community violence exposure across domains relevant to adolescents or using longitudinal data. This study examined youth aggressive behavior in relation to community violence exposure among a community epidemiologically defined sample of 582 (45% female) urban adolescents. Internalizing behaviors, deviant peer affiliation, and parental monitoring were examined as moderators of the association between aggressive behavior and exposure to community violence. For males with aggressive behavior problems and deviant peer affiliation or low parental monitoring, co-occurring anxiety symptoms protected against subsequent witnessing community violence. In contrast, males with aggressive behavior problems and co-occurring depressive symptoms were at increased risk for witnessing community violence. Implications of the findings for preventive interventions and future research are discussed.