老年原发性高血压晨峰现象与靶器官损害临床研究

应用24h动态血压监测(ABPM)了解老年原发性高血压晨峰现象对主要靶器官结构及功能的潜在损害.114例老年原发性高血压患者根据24h动态血压监测分为晨峰组和非晨峰组,均常规检查血脂谱,空腹血糖,放免法测定尿微量白蛋白,计算体重指数(BMI)、左室质量指数(LVMI)、颈总动脉(CCA-IMT)和颈内动脉内膜中层厚度(ICA-IMT)、心电图测量计算QT离散度(QTcd).晨峰组的24h、白昼、夜间平均收缩压均显著高于非晨峰组动态血压监测水平(P＜0.05),而且晨峰组的睡-谷晨峰变异幅度增高有统计学意义(P＜0.05).晨峰组的LVMI、CCA-IMT、ICA-IMT、QTcd和尿微量白蛋白指标均高于非晨峰组(P＜0.01).两组在BMI、血脂谱、血糖差异无统计学意义.清晨高血压是老年原发性高血压病的一个不可忽视的潜在危险因素.长期晨间血压负荷升高使得机体全天处于血压高负荷状态,更易使心肌重构肥厚和心电生理特征改变,增加心律失常发生率;加速动脉粥样硬化斑块形成.因此遏制老年原发性高血压患者的晨峰高反应是降压达标和减缓靶器官损害的关键环节.     

老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰现象与靶器官损害的相关性研究

为了探讨老年原发性高血压患者血压晨峰现象与靶器官损害之间的关系,选取2015年1月~2015年12月的298例原发性高血压住院患者,所有病例均行动态血压监测、血液检测及超声心动图、颈动脉超声检查。结果显示晨峰血压组患者总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平较非晨峰血压组显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。晨峰组与非晨峰组相比,晨峰组24h动态收缩压、日间动态收缩压、夜间动态收缩压、24h动态脉压、日间动态脉压、夜间动态脉压、左室重量指数及颈动脉内膜中层厚度均显著高于非晨峰组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。因此血总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平可能是晨峰高血压发生的危险因素,老年原发性高血压患者伴有晨峰现象与靶器官损害密切相关。     

根据血压昼夜节律选择服药时间控制血压晨峰

根据血压昼夜节律,观察给药时间对血压晨峰的影响。256例原发性高血压患者,经24h动态血压监测分为超杓型（n＝49）、杓型（n＝127）和非杓型（n＝80）3组;各组再分为清晨服药组和晚上服药组。用药6周,比较用药前后血压昼夜节律及血压晨峰的变化,发现在改变血压昼夜节律及降低血压晨峰方面,超杓型组清晨服药优于晚上服药,非杓型组晚上服药优于清晨服药;杓型组清晨服药与晚上服药均能降低晨峰值,提示根据个体血压昼夜节律选择服药时间能更好地控制血压晨峰。     

餐后低血压的原发高血压患者24h动态血压特点

为了分析餐后低血压（PPH）患者的24h 动态血压变化特点,选择150例原发性高血压患者进行24h 动态血压监测,分成 PPH 组（n＝85）和非 PPH（n＝65）。观察两组平均血压、血压负荷值、晨峰值、血压变异性等指标。结果显示,（1） PPH 组年龄明显高于非 PPH 组（P＜0．05）;（2）PPH 组患者24h 及日间、夜间平均收缩压及平均收缩压负荷高于非PPH 组（P＜0．05）,但舒张压无统计学差异（P＞0．05）;（3） PPH 组患者血压变异性明显高于非 PPH 组（P ＜0．05）;（4） PPH 组患者血压晨峰数值及晨峰发生率明显高于非 PPH 组（P＜0．05）;（5） PPH 组夜间血压下降率及非勺型率较非 PPH 组无统计学差异（P＞0．05）。因此,PPH 患者易发生于高龄患者,且具有收缩压、血压变异性增高,更易发生晨峰现象的特点。     

原发性高血压患者血压变异性与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性研究

探讨原发性高血压患者血压变异性(BPV)与颈动脉粥样硬化(CAS)的相关性。选取2014年12月~2015年11月的228例原发性高血压住院患者,排除继发性高血压、严重感染及其他严重疾病者,分别行动态血压监测、血液生化检测及颈动脉超声检查,根据颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)分为IMT正常组(n=76)、IMT增厚组(n=74)和斑块形成组(n=78),分析BPV与IMT的相关性。结果显示IMT增厚组和斑块形成组24h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、日间平均收缩压(dSBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、24h平均舒张压(24hDBP)、日间平均舒张压(dDBP)、夜间平均舒张压(nDBP)、24h收缩压变异系数(24hSCV)、24h舒张压变异系数(24hDCV)、日间收缩压变异系数(dSCV)、夜间收缩压变异系数(nSCV)、日间舒张压变异系数(dDCV)、夜间舒张压变异系数(nDCV)均明显高于IMT正常组(P0.05)。因此,原发性高血压患者血压变异性与颈动脉粥样硬化的发生密切相关。     

老年高血压患者体位性血压变化与左室结构及功能关系的研究

探讨老年原发性高血压患者体位性血压变化与左室结构及功能的关系。选取2015年3月至2017年1月在锦州医科大学附属第一医院心内科、老年病房住院及门诊≥60岁原发性高血压患者126例,分为体位性低血压(OH)组、体位性血压正常(ONT)组、体位性高血压(OHT)组三组。观察三组患者左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室后壁厚度(LVPWT)、室间隔厚度(IVST)、左心室射血分数(EF)、左心室短轴缩短率(FS)的心脏超声指标,并计算左心室质量指数(LVMI),分析老年原发性高血压患者体位性血压变化与左室结构及功能的关系。结果显示,与ONT组比较,老年高血压患者合并OH和OHT组的年龄、高血压病程明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与ONT和OHT组比较,OH组LVEDD、IVST、LVPWT、LVMI值均升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),OH组EF、FS值均降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);协方差分析剔除年龄和高血压病程因素影响,OH组患者的LVMI仍明显升高(P0.05),EF、FS值仍明显降低(P0.05)。提示老年高血压患者合并OH与左室结构和功能有相关性,提示OH可加重左室结构改变和功能损害。     

正常高值血压者血压昼夜节律与靶器官损害的相关性研究

探讨正常高值血压昼夜节律与靶器官损害的相关性。入选正常高值血压者150例,其中杓型组72例,非杓型组78例,60例正常血压者为对照组。检测尿白蛋白排泄率（UAE）、颈动脉内膜中层厚度（IMT）和左心室重量指数（LVMI）。杓型组和非杓型组UAE、IMT、LVMI高于对照组（P＜0．01）。非杓型组UAE、IMT、LVMI高于杓型组（P＜0．05）。正常高值血压人群已出现靶器官损害,血压昼夜节律异常与早期靶器官损害密切相关。     

原发性高血压患者极微量白蛋白尿与动脉弹性及血压相关性研究

本文通过研究极微量白蛋白尿(MAU)与ABPM、桡动脉反射波增强指数(rAIp75)的相关性,探讨极微量MAU对评价原发性高血压(EH)患者亚临床靶器官早期损害的意义.对EH患者分析ACR的相关因素.以ACR分组,得出收缩压(SBP)及昼夜节律等在三组间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);C组rAIp75与B组、A组差异有统计学意义,P＜0.05;相关分析示rAIp75及血肌酐等与ACR有相关性(P＜0.05);回归分析示DSBP及病程等是独立因素(P＜0.05).本文证实合并MAU的EH患者与rAIp75及24hSBP等正相关,指出极微量MAU可能对评价EH亚临床靶器官早期损害有意义.     

RAAS激活与老年高血压合并抑郁的关系

探讨老年高血压合并抑郁患者肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统( RAAS)的变化及二者之间的关系.入选原发性高血压病患者210例,其中高血压合并抑郁组(80倒)、高血压不合并抑郁组(130例),两组检测血糖、血肌酐、血脂等指标,用放射免疫分析法测定血浆肾素、血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮水平.结果两组在性别、年龄、血糖、血脂等方面无统计学差异,高血压合并抑郁组肾素、血管紧张素及醛固酮水平均显著高于高血压不合并抑郁组.高血压合并抑郁组血浆肾素(r=0.283,P＜0.01)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(r=0.312,P＜0.01)、醛固酮水平(r=0.276,P＜0.01)与HAMD量表总分呈正相关.RAAS系统激活与老年高血压合并抑郁关系密切,这对老年高血压合并抑郁患者的治疗提供了一定的临床价值.     

隐匿性高血压与脑卒中的相关性分析

探讨隐匿性高血压与脑卒中的相关性及其临床意义。纳入2017年1月～2018年6月就诊于郑州大学第一附属医院心内科行诊室血压及24小时动态血压监测的420例住院患者为研究对象,根据血压监测结果将其分为高血压组(HT组140例)、隐匿性高血压组(MH组140例)、正常对照组(NC组140例),对三组的临床资料与临床指标进行统计学分析,采用Logistic回归分析脑卒中的危险因素。与NC组比较,HT组及MH组糖尿病史[27(18.29%)、24(17.14%)比8(5.71%),均P0.05]、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平[(15.03±6.77)μmol/L、(15.00±6.06)μmol/L比(13.64±5.02)μmol/L,均P0.05]、脑卒中人数[37(26.43%)、38(27.14%)比22(15.71%),均P0.05]均较高,差异均有统计学意义,HT组与MH组相比这三项指标相近,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);以正常对照组为参照行多元Logistic回归分析,结果显示隐匿性高血压(OR=1.697,95%CI:0.901～3.129,P=0.013)、糖尿病(OR=2.327,95%CI:1.013～5.347,P=0.017)及同型半胱氨酸(OR=1.083,95%CI:1.030～1.138,P=0.002)为脑卒中的独立危险因素。隐匿性高血压患者发生脑卒中的风险增加。     

Associations of depression status and hopelessness with blood pressure: a 24-year follow-up study

Hypertension is estimated to cause 12.8% of all deaths worldwide. Both literature and well-supported cognitive models indicate that hopelessness predicts depressive symptoms. This study aimed to test whether high levels of hopelessness are associated with increased blood pressure, as well as whether depression acts as a mediator between hopelessness and blood pressure. Data from the original 24-year longitudinal Baltimore Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (ECA) were analyzed via linear regression (N = 917; 60.3% female; 62.9% European American; mean age = 42.96 years, SD = 16.94). Hopelessness was found to have a significant direct relationship with systolic blood pressure (SBP, p < .05), but not with diastolic blood pressure (DBP, p > .05); while depression had no significant direct relationship with SBP or with DBP. Overall, findings indicated that hopelessness has a significant relationship with SBP. Limitations and implications are discussed.     

咖啡因与心理紧张对血压的影响 --交叉文化的比较研究

研究表明，摄入咖啡因后，其中的甲基黄嘌呤会使血压持续增高，在国外咖啡因每年人均消耗量与致命的缺血性心脏病的发生率有极大的相关。本文探索不同文化背景的中国受试者在咖啡因和紧张的心理刺激作用下是否会有与习惯饮用咖啡的西方国家，如美、英、法等有相同的结果。本研究结果部分地支持了GREENBERG的实验结果，咖啡因会引起血压的持续升高，咖啡因跟紧张的思考活动结合一起会引起相当大的血压变化等。     

降压达标治疗中的个体化原则与优化治疗

为了提高高血压患者的降压达标率、最大程度地降低靶器官损伤,一方面应强化生活方式的改变,包括戒烟限酒、低盐饮食、减轻体重和适量运动,另一方面,由于原发性高血压的发病是由多种复杂因素的不同组合引起,应根据不同个体的高血压发病机制及病因的差异,在指南的指导下,应用不同种类抗高血压药物(单用或联合用药),采用针对个体的优化治疗,才能更有效地使降压治疗达标。     

Mean recovery rate: A simple measure of recovery uncontaminated by the carryover effect

Assessment of recovery is important for the investigation of stress but has been compounded by difficulties, in particular contamination by the carryover effect. In the present study, the mean recovery rate ( MRR ) was used in order to overcome this difficulty. First, the validity of the MRR was demonstrated theoretically. Second, it was demonstrated experimentally, when a comparison was made with the validity of the mean recovery per se. In the experiment, data on beat-by-beat systolic blood pressure, obtained from 18 participants before, during, and after mental arithmetic, were used as a typical sample. The implications of these results for the understanding of recovery measures are discussed.     

Blood pressure reactivity to active and passive behavioral conditions in hypertensives and normotensives

Blood pressure reactivity and passive behavioral tasks was studied in patients with mild essential hypertension and normotensive controls. The passive condition included 10 presentations of a 6 sec, 78 dB, 1000 Hz tone without any response requirements. In the active condition subjects were given an additional 10 tone presentations and asked to press a push-button at tone termination. The absolute and percent increase in systolic blood pressure from rest was greater in hypertensives than normotensives in response to the active condition but similar to the passive condition. It is concluded that patients with hypertension compared to normotensive controls show exaggerated blood pressure reactivity to tasks involving active but not passive coping efforts. Since the tasks used to induce active and passive coping in the present study were identical apart from coping requirements, the notion that the activity dimension in and of itself modulates reactivity differences between patients and controls is supported.     

Hostile affect and casual blood pressure

Abstract

The present study investigated the relation between hostile affect and casual blood pressure in men and women. Data were collected from two independent samples: (1) 204 university students, and (2) 175 adults from the community. Findings on blood pressure-hostile affect linkage are reported with age and body-mass index corrected values. Data were analyzed for subgroups split at the median for hostility and also for tercile subgroups. Median splits revealed no relationship between hostility and blood pressure. Systolic blood pressure tended to be highest in the medium and high hostility terciles. The diastolic pressure-hostility link in men represented a “V”-shaped curve. In women, there was no relationship. Heart rate levels were consistently unrelated to hostile affect. The importance of testing for linear as well as curvilinear relationships in future studies is highlighted.     

Theobiology: An Analysis of Spirituality, Cardiovascular Responses, Stress, Mood, and Physical Health

The relationships of spirituality and religion to acute cardiovascular responses, physical symptoms of illness, stress and psychological mood were assessed in a community sample of adults. Nineteen men and 61 women participated in a betrayal interview, while their blood pressure and heart rate were monitored. Religious affiliation, frequency of attendance at worship and religiousness were associated with resting diastolic and mean arterial pressure. Spirituality, especially as assessed by the existential scale of the Spiritual Well-being Scale, was related to symptoms of illness, medication use, stress and negative mood states. Spirituality and involvement in organized religion may represent a means to increase the sense of purpose and meaning in life, which is related to greater resiliency and resistance to stress-related illness.     

Hypertension and cognitive function

Previous research indicates that blood pressure may impact a variety of cognitive functions, including short-term memory, abstract reasoning, visual-spatial abilities, and attention (Boller, Vrtunski, Mack, & Kim, 1977; Elias, Robbins, Schultz, & Pierce, 1990; Franceschi, Tancredi, Smirne, Mercinelli, & Canal, 1982; Mazzucchiet al., 1986). However, studies which have assessed the cognitive functioning of hypertensive adults have offered conflicting results, particularly when hypertension levels were in the mild range (e.g., Bolleret al., 1977; Eliaset al., 1990; Elias, Wolf, D'Agostino, Cobb, & White, 1993; Farmeret al., 1987, 1990; Franceschiet al., 1982; Pérez-Stable, Coates, Halliday, Gardiner, & Hauck, 1992; Schmidtet al., 1991; Waldstein, Ryan, Manuck, Parkinson, & Bromet, 1991). A number of factors may contribute to the inconsistent findings in this area. Researchers have employed a wide range of neuropsychological instruments to assess varying domains of cognitive function. Sample sizes in some studies have been too small to ensure sufficient power. Finally, studies have employed varying methodological control over potential confounding factors such as concurrent medical conditions, alcohol abuse, psychiatric disorders, or antihypertensive medication. This study compared male veterans with blood pressures in the mildly hypertensive range (n=166) to normotensive veterans (n=176) on neuropsychological measures of verbal fluency, visual-spatial ability, verbal and visual memory, dexterity, attention, and executive functions. Results revealed that, after controlling for differences in education and income, there was no relationship between mild hypertension and combined measures of cognitive performance. The present findings suggest that mild hypertension alone has little effect on cognitive function in adults.     

Are pets a healthy pleasure? the influence of pets on blood pressure

Pet owners often describe their pets as important and cherished family members who offer solace in times of stress. This article considers evidence suggesting that pets influence human blood pressure. Studies on this topic extend current research testing the hypothesis that having other people around in stressful times can buffer the negative consequences of stress. The existing data suggest that people perceive pets as important, supportive parts of their lives and that the presence of a pet is associated with significant cardiovascular benefits, among both people with normal blood pressure and those with high blood pressure. Studies about pets and blood pressure have examined both naturally occurring and randomly assigned pet ownership but are limited by their focus on responses to short-term, acute stress. Future prospective studies should explore the influence of pets on people at risk for cardiovascular disease and also consider explanatory mechanisms for the pet effect.     

公务员正常高值血压的流行现状及危险因素分析

对吉林省516名公务员的血压及心血管疾病危险因素进行描述性分析,用二分类Logistic回归法筛选危险因素。公务员正常高值血压现患率为34．9％。正常高值血压人群体重指数、腰围、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清肌酐、血尿酸、心一踝血管指数水平以及代谢综合征患病率均高于正常血压组低于高血压组,高密度...