哮喘教育和管理工作中的一些新的启示与思考

简要叙述了目前哮喘防治中存在的问题,提出必须彻底转变哮喘防控模式,简单介绍了我们自己的哮喘教育和管理的具体做法及其效果,最后就哮喘的防控和管理提出一些值得思考的问题,包括建立和谐医患关系,减轻医疗经济负担,建立新型疾病防控模式和医疗服务体系等.     

我国城镇社区医疗单位如何进行哮喘防控

哮喘防控工作是一项长期而艰巨的任务,城镇社区医疗单位在工作中应推广以"哮喘临床控制"为核心的哮喘治疗循环模式,即评估患者的哮喘控制水平、治疗并达到哮喘控制、监测并维持哮喘控制。当患者出现哮喘急性发作时,应遵循哮喘急性发作的治疗流程规范处理,尽快有效控制患者的症状。     

我国城镇社区医疗单位如何进行哮喘防控

哮喘防控工作是一项长期而艰巨的任务,城镇社区医疗单位在工作中应推广以"哮喘临床控制"为核心的哮喘治疗循环模式,即评估患者的哮喘控制水平、治疗并达到哮喘控制、监测并维持哮喘控制.当患者出现哮喘急性发作时,应遵循哮喘急性发作的治疗流程规范处理,尽快有效控制患者的症状.     

改变因症就诊的医疗模式搞好慢性呼吸疾病的防控

本文简单介绍了各种慢性呼吸疾病的特点、重要性、病因和发病机理,重点阐述认真搞好三级预防是有效防控慢性呼吸疾病的基础,而目前我国慢性呼吸疾病医疗服务模式是因症就诊,这种医疗服务模式不利于慢性呼吸疾病的管理和控制,必须尽快改变。     

哮喘控制与医疗改革

达到并维持哮喘控制和减少未来风险是哮喘的管理目标,绝大多数患者通过药物治疗可以实现这一目标.但目前哮喘控制率很低,除与GINA和我国哮喘诊治规范实施不足有关外,还与传统医疗结构、医疗体制和医疗观念有关,加速医疗改革,人人享有基本医疗卫生服务是提高哮喘控制率的重要环节.     

哮喘控制与医疗改革

达到并维持哮喘控制和减少未来风险是哮喘的管理目标,绝大多数患者通过药物治疗可以实现这一目标。但目前哮喘控制率很低,除与GINA和我国哮喘诊治规范实施不足有关外,还与传统医疗结构、医疗体制和医疗观念有关,加速医疗改革,人人享有基本医疗卫生服务是提高哮喘控制率的重要环节。     

哮喘防控模式的几点思考

简单介绍了在支气管哮喘患者教育和管理工作中的若干体会。结果表明,我们所采取的哮喘教育管理体系(包括哮喘患者门诊、哮喘患者协会和哮喘宣教中心)是一种先进的医疗服务模式,不仅可以有效地改善医患关系,还可以显著提高哮喘患者对哮喘认知水平和防治疾病的依从性,提高哮喘控制水平、生命质量,减少非预约门诊、急诊、住院次数,降低医疗费用。     

哮喘防控模式的几点思考

简单介绍了在支气管哮喘患者教育和管理工作中的若干体会.结果表明,我们所采取的哮喘教育管理体系(包括哮喘患者门诊、哮喘患者协会和哮喘宣教中心)是一种先进的医疗服务模式,不仅可以有效地改善医患关系,还可以显著提高哮喘患者对哮喘认知水平和防治疾病的依从性,提高哮喘控制水平、生命质量,减少非预约门诊、急诊、住院次数,降低医疗费用.     

改变因症就诊的医疗模式搞好慢性呼吸疾病的防控

本文简单介绍了各种慢性呼吸疾病的特点、重要性、痛因和发病机理,重点阐述认真搞好三级预防是有效防控慢性呼吸疾病的基础,而目前我国慢性呼吸疾病医疗服务模式是因症就诊,这种医疗服务模式不利于慢性呼吸疾病的管理和控制,必须尽快改变.     

第三方远程医疗模式的伦理困境和对策

通过对第三方远程医疗模式的理性思考,阐述了不同主体视角下第三方远程医疗模式面临的伦理困境:患者面临知情权与诊疗需求的冲突,隐私权保护等伦理问题;第三方远程平台视角下,面临经济效益与社会责任的冲突;求诊端医生面临患者的质疑,患者生命健康与自身利益保护的伦理困境;远程端医生面临推卸责任以及自身利益和社会效益冲突的伦理问题。进而提出加强规划和宣传,明晰权利义务;规范平台准入和医疗责任,加强信息安全管理;建立解决医疗伦理问题的常设机构,健全医疗伦理监察制度等建议,以期推动远程医疗健康发展。     

Feasibility and impact of a school-based intervention for families of urban adolescents with asthma: results from a randomized pilot trial

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility and short-term outcomes of Asthma: It's a Family Affair!, a school-based intervention for adolescents with asthma and their caregivers. Twenty-four ethnic minority families with a middle school student with asthma were randomized to immediate intervention or no-treatment control. Intervention students received six group sessions on prevention and management of asthma. Caregivers received five group sessions teaching child-rearing skills to support the youth's autonomy and asthma self-management. All students attended all sessions; caregivers attended an average of three. Two months post-intervention, relative to controls, intervention caregivers reported better problem-solving with children. Intervention students were more responsible for carrying medication, took more prevention steps, and woke fewer nights from asthma. The intervention resulted in positive short-term changes in family relations, asthma management by students, and health status.     

对哮喘患者进行教育管理的内容和方法

目前尚不能根治哮喘,然而长期管理有助于达到哮喘控制,哮喘教育是其重要组成部分。哮喘教育内容应包括哮喘的诊断、预防及治疗相关的知识、技能。应当采取个体化、循序渐进的教育方式,集体教育是个体化教育重要的补充。     

搞好哮喘控制是一项长期而艰巨的任务

哮喘在全世界是一个严重的公共卫生问题。当哮喘未控制时,哮喘可以影响患者的日常生活质量,甚至可以致命。搞好哮喘控制工作是一项长期而艰巨的任务,在实际工作中应推广以“哮喘临床控制”为核心的哮喘治疗循环模式,即评估患者的哮喘控制水平、治疗并达到哮喘控制、监测并维持哮喘控制。     

Depressive mood and smoking onset: A comparison of adolescents with and without asthma

This prospective population-based study aimed to compare associations between depressive feelings and smoking behaviour of adolescents with and without asthma. Data were collected from a two-wave 22–24 months prospective study among 5938 adolescents who completed self-report questionnaires. Logistic regression analyses showed that depressive feelings and smoking were related both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Smoking behaviour was similar for adolescents with and without asthma, as well as its correlation with depressive feelings. However, participants with asthma were more likely to report depressive feelings than those without asthma, implying an indirect relationship between asthma and smoking behaviour. Implications for prevention are addressed.     

Feasibility of Adapting Multisystemic Therapy to Improve Illness Management Behaviors and Reduce Asthma Morbidity in High Risk African American Youth: A Case Series

African-American adolescents have the highest rates of asthma morbidity and mortality, yet there are few successful behavioral interventions to improve illness management for this group. Mental health providers have an opportunity to expand their services and impact by targeting adolescents with poor asthma management. We describe the adaptation of Multisystemic Therapy (MST), an intensive, home and community-based treatment originally used with antisocial youth, for improving asthma management. We present a case study to illustrate the treatment model. Feasibility was demonstrated with eight African American adolescents with chronic, persistent asthma, suggesting that further evaluation of MST for youth with asthma and poor illness management is warranted.     

Qualité de vie des enfants asthmatiques : impact du sentiment d’efficacité personnelle, du ressenti des enfants, et de la gestion de l’asthme par les parents

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of children's self-efficacy, attitudes and their parent's asthma management on quality of life among children suffering from asthma. One hundred and forty-six children (8-12 years old) with moderate to severe asthma filled in a quality of life questionnaire, and a self-efficacy and attitudes scales; 92 parents completed the childhood asthma self-management scale. Results show that the children's negative feelings about asthma and the parents’ difficulties to manage asthma are linked to a worse quality of life; the children's self-efficacy influences both positively and negatively children's quality of life. The development of parents’ asthma management program should enhance their children's quality of life.     

Family climate of routine asthma care: associating perceived burden and mother-child interaction patterns to child well-being

This preliminary report links the literatures on family asthma management practices and on the characteristics of family interaction patterns thought to influence children's adjustment to a chronic physical illness. Specifically, this study of 60 families with a child with asthma examined the extent to which perceived burden of routine asthma care affected child mental health via its influence on parent-child interaction patterns. Mothers completed a measure of asthma management routine burden, mother and child were observed in a 15-minute interaction task, and children completed measures of child anxiety and asthma quality of life (QOL). Perceived routine burden significantly predicted child anxiety and QOL through its effect on mother-child rejection/criticism. The same pattern did not hold for mother intrusiveness/control. The results are discussed in terms of how overall family climate and regulation of routines affects child well-being. Implications for clinical practice and limitations of the study are provided.