阿霉素对心肌影响的实验研究

阿霉素(adriamycin,ADM)临床上广泛用于多种恶性肿瘤的治疗,但ADM可致严重的心肌毒性.目前许多肿瘤疾病采取先化疗后麻醉、手术治疗方案,化疗药对心肌的损伤并没有引起临床医生的足够重视,尤其是麻醉科医生,我们应慎重考虑阿霉素等化疗药对心肌的影响,保障围手术期的安全.     

晚期消化道肿瘤患者临床治疗的共同决策

胃癌、结直肠癌是临床较常见的消化道肿瘤,其早中期肿瘤手术治疗效果好,但大部分晚期患者已丧失了手术机会,或者手术效果较差,如何让其主动参与进来选择自己的临床治疗方案,从而使自己相对获益最大,具有很重要的临床意义。晚期肿瘤患者临床治疗以提高晚期生活质量、减轻疾病痛苦、延长生存时间为目的,这一过程需要患者的参与,此类患者的每一项临床治疗的决策,应当是在医生指导下,患者主动参与进来,根据自身的实际情况提出治疗方案,临床医生评估其治疗方案可行性之后配合患者完成临床后期治疗,以此来最大限度提高晚期患者的生活水平。     

冠心病介入治疗指南与医生的理解、掌握与运用的冲突和平衡

介入治疗是冠心病治疗的重要手段,介入治疗时机、方式、介入手术和外科手术以及内科治疗的选择,是关系到患者生命的首要问题。现从循证医学及冠心病治疗指南与医生的理解、掌握与运用的角度,探讨有利于患者的医疗行为。在临床工作中寻求医生对指南的理解、运用的一致和平衡。     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂与心肌缺血再灌注的细胞凋亡

随着心脏外科手术和介入治疗技术的进展以及心肌缺血患者的增加,心肌缺血再灌注损伤成为临床工作一种常见的病理生理过程。如何采用有效的治疗手段进行心肌保护,防治或降低缺血再灌注所造成的损伤,一直是心脏科学探索的一个重要课题。血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂对很多心脏疾病的治疗特别是拟行心脏手术患者的治疗都取得了良好的效果。随着对其研究的进展,其预处理可为临床预防治疗心肌缺血再灌注损伤提供思路与方法。     

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂与心肌缺血再灌注的细胞凋亡

随着心脏外科手术和介入治疗技术的进展以及心肌缺血患者的增加,心肌缺血再灌注损伤成为临床工作一种常见的病理生理过程.如何采用有效的治疗手段进行心肌保护,防治或降低缺血再灌注所造成的损伤,一直是心脏科学探索的一个重要课题.血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂对很多心脏疾病的治疗特别是拟行心脏手术患者的治疗都取得了良好的效果.随着对其研究的进展,其预处理可为临床预防治疗心肌缺血再灌注损伤提供思路与方法.     

临床决策帮助运用和设计的思考

过去的几十年中,对如何应用临床实践已经有了一种转变。过去在很大程度上已经形成了“医生无所不知”的局面,现在已经很少有医生存有家长式作风,并且大多数医生包括患者都参与了对卫生保健的临床决策。患者在他们本身的知识水平下更喜欢参与到临床决策中来,从而得到对疾病诊治的益处。在最近的乳腺癌患者诊治的研究中,参与到她们手术治疗的决策的女性患者,得到了他们想要得结果,对于参与的疾病诊治决策进程和受到的治疗,也被报道取得巨大的满意效果。     

外科手术患者围手术期药物治疗决策

外科手术患者的医疗质量不但与手术本身有关,也与药物治疗息息相关。外科手术患者常常合并疾病复杂,用药种类多,药物治疗的矛盾、风险和困难,一点不比内科病房少。而且外科疾病、术前术后处理和手术本身也会对药代动力学产生影响,无疑使外科医生在药物治疗决策时更加艰难和必须更加慎重。因此外科手术医生不但要精于手术,也要善于药物治疗。作为临床药师,我们也意识到外科将成为开展临床药学工作的重要岗位和阵地。临床药师可以全程化监护患者的用药和开展药学服务;可以发挥自身学术优势,提高药物治疗的有效性、安全性和经济性。     

浅谈肺癌手术的知情同意

手术在肺癌治疗中占有重要地位。胸外科医生充分告知手术利弊、患者和／或代理人充分理解告知内容是顺利完成知情同意的重要步骤。本文就肺癌手术知情同意的意义、临床工作中存在的问题及解决办法进行了初步的探讨。     

浅谈肺癌手术的知情同意

手术在肺癌治疗中占有重要地位。胸外科医生充分告知手术利弊、患者和／或代理人充分理解告知内容是顺利完成知情同意的重要步骤。本文就肺癌手术知情同意的意义、临床工作中存在的问题及解决办法进行了初步的探讨。     

急性心肌梗死治疗的临床试验分析

急性心肌梗死是冠心病中的危重症,病死率高。为在现有基础上进一步降低病死率,临床开展了众多针对各治疗策略的大型试验研究。在分析这些临床试验的基础上,从提高梗死血管开通率、改善心肌微循环灌注、挽救心肌和休克治疗四个方面综述了各种治疗策略的优势及不足,以期对临床治疗方案的选择起到借鉴作用。     

Anxiety and depression in women with advanced cancer: Implications for counselling

Fifty-three patients with advanced cancer were studied prospectively for 6 months to assess whether the site and method of chemotherapy administration influence levels of anxiety and depression. Patients received chemotherapy either at home or in hospital. Cases of clinical anxiety (36%) and depression (27%) were highest in the hospital treated group during the middle period of therapy. Patients treated at home had a lower psychiatric morbidity for anxiety (21%) and depression (21%) at the same period. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean scores on anxiety and depression between the groups. Overall, anxiety was more prevalent than depression. This study indicates that a minority of patients with advanced cancer treated by chemotherapy experience measureable psychiatric morbidity. Counselling services should be provided for these women throughout treatment, not just at the outset.     

QLQ-3O量表在乳腺癌化疗患者中的应用

应用EORTCQLQ-30核心量表调查初治乳腺癌化疗患者的生存质量。运用自身对比的队列研究方式,调查了42名乳腺癌化疗患者。结果显示化疗带来的生存质量的下降是显著但短暂的;某些因素对生存质量的影响较大,值得针对性地采取干预措施;对一些调查项目的修改,可以使EORTC QLQ-30量表更好地适应我国的国情和文化。     

Results of combined treatment of malignant brain tumors with various cytostatic protocols

Nowadays best results in the treatment of malignant brain tumors can be obtained with an interdisciplinary combined treatment (operation, radiation, antineoplastic chemotherapy). We treated 83 patients with gliomas after operation with a combined radiation/chemotherapy. Chemotherapy was performed by two different schemas (Israel n = 49, COMP n = 34). Both groups had the same structure concerning the 10 most important prognostic factors. The median survival time was found to be 26.1 months in the Israel-group and 22.8 months respectively in the COMP-group. The number of the long-time survivors is increasing in the COMP-group.     

Treatment, Age, and Time-Related Predictors of Behavioral Outcome in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors

The research has shown that children surviving cancer are at risk for long-term emotional and behavioral problems secondary to the cumulative effects of cranial irradiation and chemotherapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the emotional and behavioral outcome of children diagnosed with brain tumor and treated with cranial irradiation and chemotherapy by looking at the association between treatment, time, age, and cognitive-related variables on externalizing and internalizing behaviors at 3 years posttreatment. Fifty-four brain tumor survivors were administered a neuropsychological test battery, whereas the parents filled out the CBCL and Conners' Parent Rating Scale. The results indicate that chemotherapy treatment with vincristine, cytoxan, cisplantinum, and/or VP16 was related to poorer internalizing and externalizing behavioral outcome, especially attention, social withdrawal, and anxious–depressive symptomatology. Age at time of diagnosis or treatment, time since discontinuation of treatment, type and/or total dose of radiation therapy was not significantly correlated with any of the behavioral outcome scales. Verbal memory and learning deficits accounted for a significant portion of the variance in social withdrawal, whereas lower scores in overall intellectual functioning and verbal fluency was related to disturbances in attention, inhibition, and social functioning. The findings suggest that children treated with 1 or a combination of any of the aforementioned chemotherapy agents who exhibit declines in intellectual functioning and memory are at increased risk for long-term behavioral problems 3 years after treatment cessation. These findings support the importance for early psychotherapeutic and supportive intervention services immediately after treatment cessation, with the goal of circumventing these potentially debilitating emotional problems.     

Retrospective Denial as A Coping Method

Worldwide, gastric cancer is one of the most common and fatal cancers. The majority of patients present with an advanced stage of disease. Even with use of palliative chemotherapy most patients die within 1?year after diagnosis. Medical psychological attention after a diagnosis of incurable cancer is focused on end of life support. This paper presents the care of a patient treated with palliative intent with chemotherapy for an irresectable histologically confirmed gastric cancer. When, unexpectedly prolonged symptom free survival followed, the reaction of the patient came as a surprise to the attending medical team. In this case history we urge those who care for incurable cancer patients, that the rare patient who survives against all odds may require special psychological care.     

Family Drawings as a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technique

This article concerns a family whose son was treated for two years by chemotherapy, the parents participating for part of that time in a parents' group, without any significant changes in behavior. Family therapy was initiated, with the inclusion of family art therapy, which immediately provided highly significant diagnostic data not otherwise observable. It also served as a dramatic catalytic agent for constructive change as evidenced by other family sessions.     

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/Cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C): A Review of Molecular and Clinical Literature

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy (ARVD/C) is heritable cardiomyopathy that may result in arrhythmia, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Approximately 50-60% of ARVD/C patient will have an identifiable pathogenic mutation in one of seven genes associated with the cardiac desmosome and other cardiac pathways. Genetic counseling remains complicated, however, because of great variable expressivity and reduced penetrance, even within members of the same family. Diagnosis of ARVD/C is made by meeting a set of major and minor diagnostic criteria, revised in 2010. Despite this, misdiagnosis is a chronic problem. Management of ARVD/C is aimed at reducing risk of sudden death/arrhythmias and preventing progression of disease. Strenuous physical activity is increasingly recognized as a significant risk factor in disease presentation and progression and is an important factor in preventative management. Anticipation of the psychosocial implications of this disease is also an important aspect of patient management. This review presents an overview of the clinical diagnosis, management, as well as disease mechanism and genetics of this rare cardiomyopathy.     

甲状腺癌的诊治原则

甲状腺癌是内分泌系统最常见的恶性肿瘤,它的发病率正逐年增加,其诊断方法包括体格检查、超声检查、细针穿刺、影像学检查及实验室检查等,甲状腺癌的治疗以外科手术为主,对较晚期或远处转移的患者可行综合治疗(I131,放疗,化疗)。总之,甲状腺癌经合理治疗,可获得较好的预后。     

进展期非小细胞肺癌维持治疗进展

化疗在进展期非小细胞肺癌的地位已经确立,现有的方案已经达到“化疗疗效平台”。延长化疗无潜在益处,有什么办法可以保持现有的疗效。为此,提出了维持治疗的概念,维持治疗是指患者在完成标准的几个周期化疗且疾病得到控制后再接受的化疗,架起一二线治疗间的桥梁。带来进一步的临床获益。     

Children's event knowledge of cancer treatment

The purpose of the present study was to systematically describe the schematic organization of children's knowledge of the routine procedures they experience when being treated for cancer (leukemia) in outpatient pediatric oncology clinics. The effects of several independent variables, including age, time in treatment, prognastic condition, and gender, were tested on children's cognitive organization and recall of their experiences in oncology clinics relative to their experiences of other common recurrent events in their lives. In general, findings indicated that children between the ages 4 and 17 demonstrated well-organized knowledge about the events they experience in oncology clinics, particularly the administration of chemotherapy.