社会工作视野下构建和谐医患关系的策略分析

和谐的医患关系是一切医疗活动的基础。面对当前医患关系中的不和谐现象,不同学者对其形成的原因及其对策进行了多学科的探索。作为一种以利他主义为指导的专业助人服务活动,社会工作则提供了一种介入医疗纠纷问题的崭新视角。在协调医患关系的过程中,医务社会工作需要面向病患及其家属、医护人员、医院管理层、社会及大众媒体、政府公共卫生管理部门等不同的主体,发展出不同的工作策略,扮演不同的服务角色。     

医务社会工作职能及其在我国的发展

医务社会工作基本职能包括：调动各种社会资源为病人及家属提供社会心理服务;沟通医患关系,调解医患纠纷等。其工作应该在社区、小组和个人等不同层面通过政府在岗位编制、经费等方面予以支持,社会的认同和理解,医疗行业的认可和试点,结合国情,发挥其调解医患纠纷、改善医患关系、全面提高医疗服务质量的积极作用。     

医务社会工作职能及其在我国的发展

医务社会工作基本职能包括:调动各种社会资源为病人及家属提供社会心理服务;沟通医患关系.调解医患纠纷等.其工作应该在社区、小组和个人等不同层面通过政府在岗位编制、经费等方面予以支持,社会的认同和理解,医疗行业的认可和试点,结合国情,发挥其调解医患纠纷、改善医惠关系、全面提高医疗服务质量的积极作用.     

医疗社会工作:现实意义和发展趋向

医疗社会工作是社会工作专业的重要实务领域之一,在西方发达国家的医疗事业中扮演着不可替代的角色,具有解决患者及其家属问题、处理医患关系,并促进公共卫生政策的改善等多种功能.从我国目前的发展来看,尚处于起步阶段,还有诸多需要努力的方面,包括完善相关政策、提高服务质量、修正教育模式、突出中国特色等.     

社会工作的社会理论:路径与议题

社会工作与社会理论的对话是社会工作理论体系建设的重要议题。本文尝试指出,这样的对话可能会经历三个阶段:社会理论与社会工作、为社会工作的社会理论和社会工作的社会理论,这三个阶段的核心路径是联结、融合和建构。     

医疗社会工作：现实意义和发展趋向

医疗社会工作是社会工作专业的重要实务领域之一,在西方发达国家的医疗事业中扮演着不可替代的角色,具有解决患者及其家属问题、处理医患关系,并促进公共卫生政策的改善等多种功能。从我国目前的发展来看,尚处于起步阶段,还有诸多需要努力的方面,包括完善相关政策、提高服务质量、修正教育模式、突出中国特色等。     

社会治理中的关系探究

随着我国政府机构改革的进一步精简和职能转变的加快,以及党中央十八大三中全会所提出的国家治理目标,各类型的社会工作组织必将快速地进入公共事务领域,并且逐步与政府建立一种新型的社会治理关系,亦将成为公共管理的生力军。本文对这种治理模式的演进及其基础性的关系结构进行了较深入的探讨,分析了社会组织与政府基于合作与责任理念的治理关系是如何形成合作与责任的机制。文章明确的阐述这是一种人类社会治理的主导价值观,与此而构建的责任共同体是怎样运转成规制模式的治理关系。     

犯罪预防与联校社会工作发展

缘起于青少年犯罪预防、由专业社会工作机构主导、立足社区联结学校的上海联校社会工作服务不失为学校社会工作本土化的创新探索,其不仅增进了青少年学生的亲社会联结,而且促进了家庭、学校与社区和社会的协作。同时在实践过程中亦遭遇到教育行政壁垒、社会工作标签化及社会力量挑战等困境。为可持续与创新性发展,需立足社会教育,以社会治理和家庭教育为契机寻求联校社会工作制度的突破;立足社区分类联结,重点联接职业学校和特殊学校;避免强嵌,选择从影响学生到影响教师和家长的策略转向。     

从社会正义迈向生态正义:社会工作的理论拓展与范式转移

传统社会工作"人在环境中"的"环境"概念常常指服务对象所处的社会环境,很大程度上忽略了对人与自然环境关系的重视。本文认为,在恶化的自然环境不断给人类社会带来一系列灾难性后果的时代背景下,社会工作专业应体现出与时俱进的学科品质,将"生态环境"之维带回社会工作,重新解读和修正主流社会工作关于"人在环境中"这一核心理论与实践议题的认知及其实践范式。进而,本文结合当前的生态发展议题,尝试从理论的生态转向、教育体系的重构、参与生态环境治理的实践能力提升,以及社会工作社会属性的专业本质重塑等方面提出社会工作积极回应生态文明建设的可能路径,这在一定程度上是对绿色社会工作理论范式的初步探索。     

社会工作的伦理基础

本文通过追溯社会工作产生的历史及其发展历程 ,认为基督教文化中的博爱思想、儒教文化中的仁爱情怀、佛教文化中的慈悲精神为社会工作提供了丰厚的思想资源。启蒙运动以来所倡导的人的基本权利思想及发轫于文艺复兴时期的古典人道主义 ,为现代社会工作价值观念提供了重要的精神文化资源。最大限度地减少人类苦难是社会文明进步的表现 ,因此 ,以弱势群体为服务对象的社会工作无疑是人类一项崇高的职业。     

Social Responsibility and the Mental Health Professions

Summary

While mental health professionals tend to primarily focus on their professional responsibilities toward the specific members of the public whom they serve, many are also concerned about positively impacting the broader society or culture in which they live and work. This notion of social responsibility is addressed in the ethics codes of both psychologists and social workers. This article reviews how this notion is addressed for these two mental health professions and also examines the changes that have occurred for psychologists between the 1992 and 2002 ethics codes. Finally, some general issues regarding the role of mental health professionals in changing society are considered.     

Perceptions of South Florida Hispanic and Anglo Catholics: From Whom Would They Seek Help?

Hispanic and Anglo Catholics in South Florida who attended Sunday services (N = 473) were surveyed to determine their help-seeking preferences for moral concerns, mental disorders, and practical life/family problems. Respondents were asked to indicate whether they would seek help from a priest; a priest with a degree and license in one of the helping professions (clinical social work, psychology, psychiatry, or mental health counseling); a layperson with a degree and license in one of the helping professions (clinical social work, psychology, psychiatry, or mental health counseling); or if they believed they could deal with the situation without external assistance. The findings suggest that Anglo Catholics prefer assistance from a person who was credentialed in one of the helping professions, whereas Hispanic Catholics would seek help from a priest with or without a background in the helping professions.     

Social desirability,adequacy of social support and mental health

The extent to which the association between satisfaction with social support and mental health was due to social desirability was determined. Whether this association differed between those high and low on social desirability was also examined. Measures consisted of the Crowne – Marlowe Scale, the Adequacy of Social Integration and Attachment Indices, the General Health Questionnaire, the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale and four scales from the Delusions‐Symptoms‐States Inventory. The sample comprised 132 women and 93 men randomly drawn from a larger sample of 756 selected at random from the Canberra electoral roll. Although social desirability was positively associated with satisfaction with social support and mental health, the association between mental health and satisfaction with social support was little reduced when social desirability was controlled, indicating that social desirability did not account for the association between social support and mental health. The association between satisfaction with social support and mental health did not differ between those high and low in social desirability, suggesting that this association was not moderated by social desirability. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effect of Demographic Variables on Client Attachment Patterns to Clinical Social Workers

Abstract

Client attachment to therapist is a new topic in the field of clinical social work. Using attachment theory, this study examined the relationship between three types of client attachment to therapist (secure, avoidant-fearful, and preoccupied) and the following variables: marital status, age of participant, and gender of the social worker, among a sample of 174 mental health clients. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between a secure pattern and gender of the social worker. In addition, they showed a significant relationship between avoidant-fearful and preoccupied patterns and the marital status of the participants. Furthermore, the results indicated a significant relationship between a preoccupied pattern and the age of the participants. The findings of the current study have implications for the field of clinical social work in Kuwait.     

To whom does the unconscious belong? The interface between the private and the social dimension in psychotherapy practice

This paper explores how ‘the social unconscious’, namely the influence of society and politics, impacts upon clinical thinking and practice. The author argues that insufficient attention is paid to the influence of the psychosocial dimension and there is a methodological awkwardness in knowing how to conceptualize it. Furthermore it is argued that psychodynamic practice, with its emphasis on the exploration of the individual psyche, tends to disregard social engagement as a criterion of mental health.

Three clinical examples are cited to demonstrate how the influence of politics and society can enter the psychotherapeutic dialogue. A methodology is then proposed using Bion's formulations about binocular vision, to examine the patient-therapist pair from the perspective of a small work group in society.     

社会文化因素对心理健康问题的影响

该文力图从人生命的生成性及其表现形式即社会文化视域研究心理健康问题,把心理健康问题看成是个体实现自身生命本质、占有人的本质力量的现实而必要的环节。人的生命的生成性决定了心理健康问题的社会文化性。一般从广义的角度说,社会文化是人特有的生命活动的全部过程和结果。不同的社会文化对心理健康问题的界定不同,形成心理健康问题的规则不同,解决心理健康问题的方式亦不同。     

Proactive Vitality Management and Creative Work Performance: The Role of Self-Insight and Social Support

Integrating proactivity and creativity literatures, we argue that people can perform more creatively at work when they proactively manage their levels of vitality. Proactive vitality management is defined as individual, goal-oriented behavior aimed at managing physical and mental energy to promote optimal functioning at work. We hypothesize that this process may be facilitated by being aware of one's own state and by support from others. A total of 242 employees participated in a weekly diary study for three consecutive weeks, yielding 610 observations. Results of multilevel analyses show that participants reported more creative work performance during weeks in which they had proactively used vitality management. In addition, in line with our predictions, self-insight and social support for creativity in the workplace acted as cross-level moderators and strengthened the relationship between proactive vitality management and creativity. We conclude that a proactive approach regarding physical and mental energy is an important bottom-up strategy that may foster creativity in work settings.     

Ego Psychological Contributions to Understanding Microaggressions in Clinical Social Work Practice

Although the concept of microaggressions is highly useful for social work, current discussions of this concept have failed to adequately address some of the complex clinical issues associated with the recipient's experience of microaggressions. The complexity of these issues is especially noteworthy in work with clients who have mental illness, and/or have experienced trauma. Our understanding of microaggressions and the assessment and treatment process can be enriched by applying a psychoanalytic lens, and in particular, an ego psychological framework.     

Kill or cure? Different types of social class identification amplify and buffer the relation between social class and mental health

The present research investigated different types of social class identification as moderators of the negative relation between social class and mental health problems. Psychology undergraduates (N = 355) completed an online survey that included measures of social class, mental health and well-being, and three aspects of social class identification: importance of identity, salience of identity, and perceived self-class similarity. Perceived self-class similarity buffered the negative association between social class and depressive symptoms. However, importance and salience of social class identity amplified the associations between social class and anxiety and life satisfaction. These findings contribute to a more sophisticated understanding of the way in which social identification may operate as a social cure.     

Work attitudes, employment barriers, and mental health symptoms in a sample of rural welfare recipients

Most of the extant research on welfare reform has neglected to consider the experiences of families in rural settings. Fifty women receiving welfare for their dependent children in a rural community were interviewed about their work experiences and aspirations, barriers to employment and service use, as well as mental health and social support. The findings indicate that the majority of participants were connected to the labor force and expressed positive attitudes about work. Barriers to employment (lack of available jobs, child care) and service use (transportation, inconvenient office hours) were endorsed. Perceived social support was negatively related to depression symptoms and positively related to self-efficacy and self-esteem. The importance of understanding the life experiences of welfare recipients in different contexts is discussed.