战国时期的心理战

战争不仅是交战双方实力的抗争,也是交战双方心理上的搏斗早在战国时期,心理战就成为战争的重要组成部分,一些谋臣智将就演绎了丰富多彩的心理战,为我们留下了许多宝贵经验。     

国内外关于心理战研究的现状和问题

心理战作为一种战争和社会的实践活动,有着悠久的历史,但作为一门独立学科,发端于上世纪初。该文概述了心理战作为一个独立研究领域以来国内外关于心理战研究的现状。在此基础上,提出了心理战研究存在的问题和不足,最后对我国心理战研究的发展方向提出了看法。     

我军心理战理论研究热点问题概要

我军心理战研究兴起于20世纪80年代,虽然历时短,但发展迅速。特别是在心理战理论与实践中的一些热点问题上,已经形成了一些较为成熟的理论框架和思想观点。对心理战内涵和外延的界定上虽然有一定的争议,但已形成了较普遍地被认可的观点;对心理战效应和心理战运行机理,也已经形成比较明确的认识;对心理战地位作用普遍持肯定态度;对外军心理战理论与实践研究的剖析和学习借鉴,成为我军心理战发展的基础     

试论心理学理论对心理战模式的影响

心理学的理论原理在社会各个领域中的实践应用越来越广。从心理战学科来看,心理战理论发展对心理科学具有较强的依赖性,所以心理战的模式有着鲜明的心理学理论发展水平的烙印。本文主要论述行为主义心理学和认知心理学对心理战的枪弹论模式及信息加工模式的影响。     

试论高技术战争条件下心理战的特点及官兵的心理训练

本文通过分析高技术战争条件下心理战的特点,针对军队基层建设的实际情况,从而提出从官兵的信心教育、情绪控制、意志品质训练和性格训练等方面加强对基层官兵的心理训练,帮助基层官兵适应未来高技术战争需要,为打赢未来高技术战争坚定信念。     

致癌因素与机体相互作用的损伤与抗损伤反应

损伤与抗损伤是机体对病因作出的一种防御性反应.正确地认识其在疾病发生发展过程中的作用,不仅有助于现代医学阐明疾病的发生机制,而且有利于传统医学提高辩证施治的效果.本文旨在探讨癌症致病因素与机体相互作用的抗损伤反应中的辩证关系,可望逐步提高医者在临床实践中运用唯物辩证法和方法论的自觉性.     

试论高技术战争条件下心理战的特点及官兵的心理训练

本通过分析高技术战争条件下心理战的特点,针对军队基层建设的实际情况,从而提出从官兵的信心教育、情绪控制、意志品质训练和性格训练等方面加强对基层官兵的心理训练,帮助基层官兵适应未来高技术战争需要,为打赢未来高技术战争坚定信念。     

信息概念研究简介

如果说信息论是控制论的理论基础,那么“信息”则是控制论的基本概念。随着信息论的发展而出现信息科学,信息概念则在自然科学和社会科学的多种学科中占据着重要地位。今天,信息生产方兴未艾,正在成为一种划时代的产业。但信息究竟是什么?信息科学是怎样定义它的?哲学又怎样不满足于这些定义而试图对它作出最一般的概括?     

骨损伤愈合与再生机理研究

1　骨折再生理论的更替1 1　骨传导理论10年前 ,我们所学到的[1] 关于骨折愈合的理论是爬行替代 (Ｃｒｅｅｐｉｎｇｓｕｂｓｔｉｔｕｔｉｏｎ)学说 ,它是由Ａｘ ｈａｕｓｅｎ 190 7～ 1911年提出的 ,一直沿用了 80多年。以植骨为例 ,长期以来 ,一直认为同种植骨片的大部分细胞都将死去 ,一方面由破骨细胞吸收植骨片 ,一方面由宿主骨床的外骨膜、内骨膜、骨髓和周围的软组织向死亡的植骨片内长入血管和间充质细胞以及软骨母细胞、软骨细胞、骨母细胞和骨细胞 ,产生新的软骨和骨组织 ,取代死骨 ,从而使植骨片复活 ,成为宿主的新骨 ,修复骨缺损…     

Targeting Ontological Security: Information Warfare in the Modern Age

Recent studies have made great strides looking at the implications that the human need for ontological security has for politics and International Relations. However, less attention has been paid to how actors might target this need. While Steele and Mattern both examine the possible manipulation of subjectivity, this article turns to the concept of information warfare (IW) to broaden the view of how, and to what end, this is pursued. Congruently, by elaborating upon how the digitalization of society has increased the potential to influence and manipulate cognition and emotion, OS strengthens current literature on IW. It argues that by covertly perverting the information landscape, IW can alter how events are connected to national narratives, influencing policy by making certain options appear more/less shameful, or it can unravel the bonds of society by polarizing domestic narrative debates, purposely sowing ontological insecurity. This provides a firmer understanding of the strategic implications interference can have generally and of Russia's interference into the 2016 U.S. election specifically. Therefore, by viewing facets of IW as part of a range of tactics employed to manipulate/undermine subjectivity, a more nuanced understanding of interstate relations subsequently emerges.     

我国灾害心理与行为研究

我国是灾害多发的国家, 重大灾害事件不仅导致人民巨大的生命伤亡和经济财产的损失, 而且也给亲历灾害的幸存者带来了严重的个体、家庭和集体的心理创伤。本文重点回顾了5·12汶川大地震以来, 我国研究者在灾后心理创伤领域内的研究进展, 包括灾后心理创伤的流行病学调查, 灾后心理创伤的行为特征、认知功能变化、免疫功能变化以及灾后社会群体心理与行为表现与特征。同时, 分析了我国未来灾后心理与行为研究可能的发展方向。     

Psychological Trauma Among American Indian Families: A Two-Generation Study

The findings presented in this article come from a two-generation study exploring the psychological impact of trauma among American Indian/Alaskan Native (AI/AN) families and its perceived relationship to substance abuse across generations. Psychological traumas and stressors found to be pervasive across generations included physical and sexual abuse as well as persistent discrimination and racism, such as fear of having children removed from the home. A noteworthy finding was a decrease in reports of childhood traumas across the two generations within this sample. Implications and recommendations for clinicians and researchers working with AI populations are discussed in light of the findings.     

Clinical Perspectives on Neurobiological Effects of Psychological Trauma

Physical trauma to the brain has always been known to affect brain functions and subsequent neurobiological development. Research primarily since the early 1990s has shown that psychological trauma can have detrimental effects on brain function that are not only lasting but that may alter patterns of subsequent neurodevelopment, particularly in children although developmental effects may be seen in adults as well. Childhood trauma produces a diverse range of symptoms and defining the brain's response to trauma and the factors that mediate the body's stress response systems is at the forefront of scientific investigation. This paper reviews the current evidence relating psychological trauma to anatomical and functional changes in the brain and discusses the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment to minimize such effects and to recognize their existence in developing treatment programs.     

心理资本研究评述与展望

在当前企业内外环境发生深刻变化的背景下,系统研究员工的心理资本是全面认识和掌握企业人力资源的特点、内涵和相应管理对策的重要手段。首先,文章回顾了有关心理资本的定义、构成要素等方面的研究。然后,分析了心理资本对领导和员工的影响,说明了心理资本开发与管理的一些基本方法。最后,分析和指出了心理资本研究的未来趋势     

Information Deprivation Trauma: Definition,Assessment, and Interventions

Information deprivation trauma (IDT; Schild & Dalenberg, 2012b) is a concept that has not been adequately addressed in the trauma literature. IDT is a concept requiring a negative emotional response (e.g., fear, helplessness, horror) consequent to (a) a lack of understanding of the extent, magnitude, consequences, and probability of a current or impending meaningful event; and (b) an inability to access information about this event that would reasonably allow a person to prepare, appropriately respond, or self-protect. Arguments are presented that information deprivation itself might constitute a trauma, in addition to and apart from the possibility that information deprivation might enhance vulnerability to traumatization. Clinical examples are provided, and the Information Deprivation Trauma Interview (IDTI) is introduced for use in clinical and research settings.     

初级军官心理选拔的预测性

目的：通过建立院校学员胜任特征及初级军官评价模型,探讨初级军官心理选拔检测系统的预测性。方法：某军校340名男性本科学员入校时完成初级军官心理选拔检测,毕业前进行院校胜任特征评价,对162名学员毕业后1~5年进行部队工作表现追踪评价。结果：中国MBTI-G人格类型测验对院校学员管理能力、影响力、约束力、口头表达、军人气质、人际关系等有较好的预测性,预测符合率72.13%;中国军人明尼苏达个性调查表6项精神障碍维度对情绪稳定性有较好的预测,预测符合率71.90%;院校学员一般能力倾向测验对学业成绩、文字表达、口头表达、人际关系和决策能力等胜任特征也有一定的预测性,预测符合率66.70%;三项测验院校胜任特征总预测符合率达81.70%,部队胜任特征总预测符合率76~87%。结论：为我军初级军官心理选拔提供了实用工具,为提高心理选拔预测准确性提供了科学依据     

教师心理素质的隐含研究

本研究旨在运用隐含研究方法揭示教帅应具备的心理素质及其结构。为此,本研究进行了一个预备测试与3个正式测试。研究结果表明：①创造性,责任感,教育效能感等21项特性是教师重要的心理品质;②在这些心理品质中,客观公正性、移情性、角色认同、有恒性、监控陛、责任感、非权势等11项心理品质被教师、家长、学生共同认定为最重要最基本的心理品质;③人们心目中教师心理品质由工作动因,工作行为、行为调控三个维度构成的;④综合三项测试结果,本研究认为教师心理素质是由3个维度、10项基本特性构成的。此外,文章还分析了这一结论与以前研究结果的关系及隐含研究方法对于该项研究的适用性。     

Shame and Dissociation in Survivors of High and Low Betrayal Trauma

Shame and dissociation cooccur in trauma survivors. Bypassed shame theory posits that dissociation reduces pain by interrupting shame. We tested this theory by inducing dissociation. The hypothesis that higher baseline shame would predict larger increases in dissociation following the induction was marginally supported. However, in contrast to bypassed shame theory, shame scores increased rather than decreased following the induction. An alternative theory, betrayal trauma theory (BTT), proposes that dissociation reduces awareness of betrayal to protect a needed relationship. Shame might also serve this function. We aimed to replicate prior research indicating traumas higher in betrayal (HBT) are uniquely related to both shame and dissociation compared to traumas lower in betrayal (LBT). The hypothesis that HBT would relate to higher shame was supported. The results suggest that other explanations than bypassed shame theory, such as BTT, might better account for the relationship between shame and dissociation in trauma survivors.