生物化学与诺贝尔奖

生物化学是一门重要的基础学科,与医学具有紧密的联系。20世纪,诺贝尔奖60多次颁发给了生物化学领域,说明了生物化学的重要性。通过阐述生物化学与诺贝尔奖的关系来说明生物化学对科学发展特别是医学的巨大推动作用。     

Pavlov and the Nobel Prize award

When Pavlov was first nominated for the Nobel Prize, he was well recognized by physiologists, especially those concerned with digestion. It appears unlikely that psychological interpretations of his conditional reflex findings had begun to penetrate deeply into the discipline of psychology. The selection in 1904 of Pavlov for the award in physiology or medicine attracted the attention of a broader range of scientists. American psychologists, in particular, probably became more aware of the advantages of incorporating his “objective” conditional reflex method into their investigations. General biographical aspects relating to the award and the effect of the award upon the acceptance of the conditional reflex method by American psychologists are developed in this presentation.     

Behavioral science and the Nobel Prize: a history

The Nobel Prizes began a little over a century ago, established by the last will and testament of Alfred Nobel to recognize those individuals "who. shall have conferred the greatest benefits on mankind" (R. M. Friedman, 2001, p. 13). No social science prizes were established among the original five categories, consequently behavioral research has received little recognition. Using archival records from several locations, particularly the Nobel committee records from the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, which selects the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, this article provides a history of the scientists whose work was related to psychology and who won or lost the attempt for Nobel fame. It concludes with a discussion of the importance of behavioral science in the 21st century in the context of the subject domains of the Nobel Prizes.     

诺贝尔科学奖与日本人的追求

诺贝尔科学奖是世界上对科学工作者最崇高、重要的奖励.事实证明,颁发此奖极有利于促进科学事业的发展.日本由技术革新到科学革新的变革,进而在新世纪的几年里连续获得诺贝尔奖,也说明科学创新的重要.     

诺贝尔医学奖与俄罗斯的遗憾

通过对1901～2004年诺贝尔医学奖的复习分析,发现俄罗斯(前苏联)这个大国,在整个20世纪里102次的医学奖颁发中,只获得2人次,与它的大国地位很不相称.试图分析其获奖特少的历史原因并汲取教训.     

诺贝尔科学奖与日本人的追求

诺贝尔科学奖是世界上对科学工作者最崇高、重要的奖励。事实证明,颁发此奖极有利于促进科学事业的发展。日本由技术革新到科学革新的变革,进而在新世纪的几年里连续获得诺贝尔奖,也说明科学创新的重要。     

烤瓷修复体色彩再现的一些思考

修复体色彩再现是临床上烤瓷修复成败的一个重要因素。由于医学各学科之间以及医学与其他学科之间的交叉和渗透,近年来,烤瓷修复在选色手段、配色、医技交流等方面取得了很大的进步和发展,这些值得我们从哲学的多角度进行思考,更好地实现修复体色彩的完美再现,促进口腔修复学更好更快地发展。     

Media coverage of sports and violent behavior: An elusive connection

The general relationship between the media and violence has proven to be exceptionally elusive in spite of decades of research. Furthermore, there have been no attempts to link media coverage of sports to the lifestyles of their audiences. Exposure to the media does not occur in a social, cultural or political vacuum, and the responses to such exposure, including coverage of sports violence, vary according to individual circumstances.     

Media coverage of sports and violent behavior: An elusive connection

The general relationship between the media and violence has proven to be exceptionally elusive in spite of decades of research. Furthermore, there have been no attempts to link media coverage of sports to the lifestyles of their audiences. Exposure to the media does not occur in a social, cultural or political vacuum, and the responses to such exposure, including coverage of sports violence, vary according to individual circumstances.     

Herbert A. Simon: Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, 1978

In 1978, Herbert A. Simon won the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences, the same Nobel won by Daniel Kahneman in 2002. Simon's work in fact paved the way for Kahneman's Nobel. Although trained in political science and economics rather than psychology, Simon applied psychological ideas to economic theorizing. Classical and neoclassical economic theories assume that people are perfectly rational and strive to optimize economic outcomes. Simon argued that human rationality is constrained, not perfect, and that people seek satisfactory rather than ideal outcomes. Despite his Nobel, Simon felt isolated in economics and ultimately moved into psychology. Nevertheless, his ideas percolated through the economic community, so that Kahneman, whose research advanced Simon's broad perspective, could be the psychologist who won the Nobel in economics.     

应激的基本理论与难治性慢性胃炎

内源性,外源性应激因素都会对人体心理和神经内分泌系统造成影响,在同一应激因素下由于人格不同可能有不同的应激反应。过度的应激是导致心身疾病的重要原因。多教难治性慢性胃炎和医源性应激关系密切,对慢性胃炎和FD在处理上应作为一种痛去对症处理,不必过度强调抗Hp。医生在临床工作中,要注意规范言行,合理解释病情,避免医源性应激给...     

诺贝尔医学奖与美国人的情结

通过对美国历年来获得诺贝尔医学奖项目和获奖者的分析,发现美国有获奖者多、原创性成果多、基础前沿研究成果多、出自一流科研机构的获奖者多的"四多"现状.美国的获奖历史和现状带给了我们许多哲学思考.     

诺贝尔医学奖与幽门螺杆菌

瑞典皇家科学院宣布了今年的化学、物理和医学诺贝尔奖获得者。获得医学奖的是两位澳大利亚科学家。他们因发现幽门螺杆菌而获奖。就幽门螺杆菌的实验研究过程和临床应用作一简介。     

诺贝尔医学奖与幽门螺杆菌

瑞典皇家科学院宣布了今年的化学、物理和医学诺贝尔奖获得者.获得医学奖的是两位澳大利亚科学家.他们因发现幽门螺杆菌而荻奖.就幽门螺杆菌的实验研究过程和临床应用作一简介.     

心导管技术的发明与诺贝尔奖之启示

德国医生维尔纳·福斯曼(Werner.Forssmann,1904-1979)因其对心导管技术的创造所做的里程碑式的贡献而荣膺1956年度生理学和医学诺贝尔奖.回顾福斯曼创造心脏导管技术的历程带给我们一些启示:科学研究需要强烈的探索欲为动力,无畏的探索精神为保障,科学的辩证法思想为指导.     

RNA干扰现象研究获诺贝尔奖的启示

RNA干扰现象是目前生命科学领域的研究热点。由于RNA干扰具有十分重要的理论和应用价值,因此该现象在揭示后仅8年其研究者就获得了诺贝尔生理与医学奖。通过回顾RNA干扰现象的发现历程,可以为今后的科研探索过程提供许多有益的启示。     

RNA干扰现象研究获诺贝尔奖的启示

RNA干扰现象是目前生命科学领域的研究热点.由于RNA干扰具有十分重要的理论和应用价值,因此该现象在揭示后仅8年其研究者就获得了诺贝尔生理与医学奖.通过回顾RNA干扰现象的发现历程,可以为今后的科研探索过程提供许多有益的启示.     

诺贝尔医学奖中合适实验材料选择的原则

选择合适的实验材料将对实验的成功产生巨大影响,通过对诺贝尔医学奖获得者所选择的实验材料的研究,我们发现,诺贝尔医学奖中合适实验材料的选择依循了从实验目的出发、实验材料有便于观察的特殊性状、结构简单,功能齐全、便于获得、易于生存、勇于创新、引领学科发展等原则.     

从体外受精技术获诺贝尔奖谈从事转化医学研究

转化医学是促进基础研究向临床应用的转化,同时根据临床实际提出应用基础研究课题。从2010年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖体外受精技术的发展,探讨了转化医学研究的内容和实现转化医学研究的途径,以便更好地促进临床医学研究。     

从体外受精技术获诺贝尔奖谈从事转化医学研究

转化医学是促进基础研究向临床应用的转化,同时根据临床实际提出应用基础研究课题.从2010年获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖体外受精技术的发展,探讨了转化医学研究的内容和实现转化医学研究的途径,以便更好地促进临床医学研究.