应对行为跨文化测评的构念等同与偏差性研究

本文对COPE量表测评我国大学生应对行为方式的构念等同与偏差性进行深入探讨。采用验证性因素分析的方法测试了原版量表(COPE)及其中文修订本(C-COPE)的不同因素结构模型与465名大学生测评数据的拟合优度。研究结果支持C—COPE的测评维度结构,表明COPE量表对我国人群所进行的应对测评与西方社会的相比确实存在跨文化构念不等同性或偏差性,两者测评结果的跨文化比较因此缺乏必要前提条件。文中对所发生的构念偏差现象进行了详细分析。     

应对的多测评维度的鉴别分析

本文对ＣＯＰＥ中文版（Ｃ－ＣＯＰＥ）的应对测评维度进行鉴别分析,７３６名大学生的测试数据的探索性因素分析结果表明,Ｃ－ＣＯＰＥ的应对维度为八个：心理资源积聚、主动控制与筹划、寻求社会支持、正面认识、情绪专注与渲泄、失助性反应、否认与心理摆脱、求助宗教。此量表结构效度良好,并且其信度也符合心理测量学要求。各应对维度测评的样本描述统计学结果反映现今大学生使用各种应对方式的程度有所不同,从群体平均水平而     

小学教育专业大学生总体幸福感与应对方式的关系研究

目的探讨大学生应对方式与主观幸福感的关系。方法用《总体幸福感量表》和《简易应对方式问卷》对小学教育专业大学生进行问卷调查,并用spss17.0进行数据整理和相关分析。结果积极应对与总体幸福感的3个维度存在显著性差异(p<0.05);消极应对与总体幸福感的4个维度存在显著性差异(p<0.05),应对方式对幸福感的回归效应显著。结论应对方式是影响大学生幸福感的重要心理因素。     

心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人应对风格量表全国常模的制定

应用《心理健康素质测评系统·中国成年人应对风格量表》对全国28个省、市、自治区的6425名成年人的应对风格进行了调查,并在此基础上制定全国常模。结果表明:(1)男性在注重问题的应对上得分高于女性,女性在注重情绪的应对上得分高于男性;(2)年轻人在应对风格总分和注重情绪的应对上得分均高于中年人和老年人;(3)城镇人口在应对风格总分及注重问题的应对和注重情绪的应对两个维度上得分均高于农村人口;(4)随着教育水平的提高,应对风格总分及各维度的得分均显著提高;(5)少数民族在应对风格总分和注重情绪的应对上得分高于汉族。     

犯罪青少年社会支持、应对方式与反社会行为的关系

目的:研究犯罪青少年社会支持、应对方式与反社会行为的关系。方法:用领悟社会支持量表、简易应对方式问卷和反社会行为问卷对30名犯罪青少年及30名普通青少年进行调查。结果:(1)犯罪青少年与普通青少年在社会支持总分上存在显著性差异。(2)对于犯罪青少年来说,社会支持总分、家庭支持、其他人支持维度与问题行为总分存在显著负相关;积极应对维度与问题行为总分存在显著负相关,消极应对维度与问题行为总分不存在显著相关;积极应对维度与社会支持成正相关。(3)对于犯罪青少年来说,其他人支持维度能够预测其问题行为。结论:社会支持、应对方式与反社会行为存在显著相关,即社会支持和应对方式能够影响反社会行为的产生。     

评价中心的构想效度和结构模型

采用多质多法和验证性因素分析的方法,对以无领导小组讨论、文件筐和人格测验构成的一个评价中心的构想效度和结构模型进行了研究。通过对136名被试在四个测评维度上的施测,其结果表明,在评价中心中会聚效度低于区分效度,影响评价中心测评结果的主要因素是测评方法而不是测评维度,从而得到了一个以测评方法为潜变量的评价中心结构模型。从该结构模型来看,评价中心之所以起作用是由于其多个测评方法(情景)的结果。表明测评情景对于构建评价中心有着至关重要的作用。     

正、负性情绪的跨文化心理测量:PANAS维度结构检验

对中国大学生(N=201)和美国大学生(N=321)进行PANAS测评,以检验该量表中、英文版的因素效度。探索性因素分析会聚性地验证了该量表的PA和NA两维度结构具有跨文化一致性,中、英文量表两因子的累积方差贡献率分别为51.31％和44．25％,接近Watson等的研究结果。然而研究结果也显示测项偏差问题,因此中文量表的PA分量表的测项组成不等同于原量表。中、英文量表的PA与NA分量表同样具有较高内在一致性信度,表明其符合心理测量学要求。     

集体心理干预对癌症患者应对方式影响的研究

为了探索集体心理干预对癌症患者应对方式的影响,本研究在90名癌症患者中随机选取46人进行干预研究。为考察干预效果,在干预后分别以医学应对方式问卷各维度因子的前测得分为协变量,以医学应对方式问卷各维度因子的后测得分为因变量,进行2(分组:实验组、对照组)×2(性别:男、女)×3(年龄:低龄组、中龄组、高龄组)的三因素协方差分析。结果表明,经过集体心理干预的实验组在应对方式各分量表上的得分要显著高于对照组,集体心理干预在性别和年龄上不存在显著差异。研究结果表明集体心理干预能够有效地改善癌症患者的应对方式。     

贫困大学生挫折承受力与应对方式的现状及关系研究

采用挫折承受力量表和简易应对方式量表,以班级为单位对867名大学生进行施测,研究贫困大学生挫折承受力与应对方式的现状及关系,研究结果发现:贫困生与非贫困生在消极挫折认知和他人支持维度上存在着显著差异;个性特征、积极挫折认知对应对倾向有显著的正向预测作用。     

512重震区儿童青少年心身健康与应对特点及关系

目的:了解震后儿童青少年心身健康和应对方式差异特点及关系。方法:用修订的心身健康量表、应对方式量表对512汶川地震重灾区370名中小学生进行调查。结果:在回避、漠然、愤怒、自杀等不良情绪维度(F=3.66,4.20,9.97,4.45,均P0.05)及兴趣(F=8.81,P0.01)及睡眠障碍(F=7.95,P0.05)维度年级主效应显著;在强迫、敏感不良情绪(F=4.88,8.97,均P0.05)及失眠、身体不适(F=8.41,6.35,均P0.05)维度上性别主效应显著;强迫、回避及自杀不良行为维度(F=4.39,3.08,3.04,均P0.05)及注意力(F=3.77,P0.05)、失眠、身体不适等生理维度上(F=6.29,3.63,均P0.05)性别与年级的交互作用显著;在退避与幻想应对方式上年级主效应显著(F=3.16,5.41,均P0.05);在退避应对方式上有性别主效应(F=4.46,P0.05);回归分析表明,自责、退避、解决问题及合理化应对方式影响灾区小学生、初中生的心身健康状况,而影响高中生心身健康状况的仅有自责应对方式。结论:重震区儿童青少年的心身健康及应对方式有年级和性别差异特点,且应对方式对不同的学生群体的心身健康有不同的影响,提醒震后对学生群体的危机干预要分性别、年级或年龄区别对待。     

Coping strategies: Evidence for cross-cultural differences? A preliminary study with the Italian version of coping orientations to problems experienced (COPE)

The internal structure of the COPE inventory (Carver, Scheier & Weintraub, 1989), a questionnaire which measures 15 different coping strategies, was studied. The Italian version of COPE was administered to 521 undergraduate students. Alpha and test-retest reliabilities were very similar to those obtained in the above American study. A rotated factor analysis resulted in 13 factors, which came out in a different order with respect to those obtained in the original study. A second-order factor analysis yielded five factors similar to those obtained by Carver etal., except for ‘Turning to religion’, which was present in the Italian study only. It is concluded that the Italian version of COPE has good construct validity and that the traditional taxonomy of coping strategies should also be studied in the light of transcultural differences.     

A Chinese Adaptation of the Distress Tolerance Scale among Adolescents: Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties

This study examined the psychometric properties of a Chinese adaptation of the Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS; Simons & Gaher. Motivation and Emotion, 29, 83–102, 2005) among 5,423 (2,857 boys) Chinese adolescents. Results of the confirmatory factor analyses supported a hierarchical model encompassing four first-order factors: Tolerance, Absorption, Appraisal and Regulation, and one second-order factor, General Distress Intolerance, which was comprised of the first three first-order factors. Acceptable levels of internal consistency and 6-month test-retest reliability were demonstrated in the second-order and all first-order factors. The Chinese DTS also displayed good convergent and discriminant validity with negative emotion, emotion reactivity and maladaptive impulsive coping behaviors. Chinese adolescent girls possessed lower distress tolerance ability than their boy counterparts. Additionally, the strength of associations between distress tolerance and negative affectivity was larger in girls than in boys. This study suggests that the Chinese DTS appears to be a psychometrically sound measure of distress (in)tolerance among adolescents.     

Coping strategies in Chinese social context

The present study examined whether the scale called Coping Strategies in Chinese Social Context (CSCSC) developed in this paper is better at predicting individual mental health than the COPE Scale, which focuses on 'active-passive' coping. Two hundred and 51 university students were recruited and measured on the CSCSC, COPE and five mental health inventories. The results demonstrated that the CSCSC predicted mental health better than the COPE. 'Active-prosocial' and 'passive-prosocial' are two suitable coping strategies, whereas 'passive-antisocial' is not a suitable coping strategy. Studies exploring coping processes in Chinese culture should consider social interactions and connection with others as a significant aspect of coping.     

Examination of the Hierarchical Structure of the Brief COPE in a French Sample: Empirical and Theoretical Convergences

This study aimed to determine whether the various factors of coping as measured by the Brief COPE could be integrated into a more parsimonious hierarchical structure. To identify a higher structure for the Brief COPE, several measurement models based on prior theoretical and hierarchical conceptions of coping were tested. First, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results revealed that the Brief COPE's 14 original factors could be represented more parsimoniously with 5 higher order dimensions: problem-solving, support-seeking, avoidance, cognitive restructuring, and distraction (N = 2,187). Measurement invariance across gender was also shown. Second, results provided strong support for the cross-validation and the concurrent validity of the hierarchical structure of the Brief COPE (N = 584). Results indicated statistically significant correlations between Brief COPE factors and trait anxiety and perceived stress. Limitations and theoretical and methodological implications of these results are discussed.     

Stress,Sex Differences,and Coping Strategies Among College Students

The sources of stress (academics, financial, family, social, and daily hassles) and coping strategies (self-help, approach, accommodation, avoidance, and self-punishment) of 166 college students were examined. The relationship between sex, specific sources of stress, and coping strategies was also investigated. Students completed a stress assessment inventory and a stress coping inventory based on a 5-factor revised COPE model (Zuckerman and Gagne Journal of Research in Personality, 37:169–204, 2003). Results found that college women reported a higher overall level of stress and greater use of emotion-focused coping strategies than college men. College men and women also reported different coping strategies for different stressors; however the use of emotion-focused coping strategies dominated over problem-solving strategies for both men and women. These results have implications for designing stress reduction workshops that build on the existing adaptive emotion-focused strategies of college students.     

A factor analytic study of the COPE Questionnaire by sex of respondents

This work examined the effect of sex on factor structure of a Chinese version of the 1989 COPE questionnaire with a sample of 617 Hong Kong adolescents (Mdn age = 14 yr.). Some scales had low internal consistency reliability for both sexes. Not all 15 scales could be identified as unique factors through exploratory factor analysis separately for both sexes (275 boys, 338 girls, 4 unknown). In a second-order factor analysis, both sexes' data had factors related to problem-focused coping and avoidance/escaping coping, and these two factors were only weakly correlated. An emotion-focused factor was observed in girls' data, but not boys' data.     

The structure of coping styles: a comparative study of croatian sample

The primary aim of this study was to develop a Croatian inventory for assessing coping strategies that people use when under stress. As a basis for this inventory, a translation of the multidimensional coping inventory (COPE) by Carver, Scheier and Weintraub (1989) was used. The second purpose was to compare the results of the original version of the COPE with the translated Croatian version. Three additional scales (Humour, Turning to Religion, and Drug and Alcohol Use) were also analysed. The results were obtained using a sample consisting of undergraduate students (N=403) from the University of Rijeka, Croatia. When comparing the original version of the COPE inventory with the Croatian version, a similar factor structure emerged. The differences obtained are interpreted by taking into account different sociocultural and economic conditions in Croatia and the USA. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stress and quality of life in international and domestic university students: cultural differences in the use of religious coping

Studying overseas entails a number of transitions and challenges, and the present study investigated the strategies international university students use to cope with stressors. Previous research suggests that international students may be more likely than domestic students to draw on religion/spirituality as a source of dealing with stress, but the direct links between stress, religious coping and quality of life are yet to be documented explicitly. A sample of 679 university students in New Zealand completed the quality of life scale WHOQOL-BREF with an additional WHOQOL module used to assess spiritual, religious, and personal beliefs (SRPB). The students also completed the Perceived Stress Scale and the Brief COPE inventory. Irrespective of stress levels encountered or whether participants were international or domestic students, Asian students were more likely to use religious coping strategies than European students. Unlike European students, Asian students’ use of religious coping was effective in improving psychological and social quality of life. The findings also provide support for the main effects hypothesis of religion/spirituality. The present study demonstrates that cultural factors play an important role in the manner in which individuals maintain mental health and quality of life.