Wilhelm Dilthey: Forerunner of humanist social thought

Humanist social thought is as a meadow in the forest of positivist science. Much of this space was cleared by Wilhelm Dilthey, not only through his attack on the fundamental assumptions of positivism, but also through his formulation of a critical method by which the works of free human consciousness could be understood. The first tenet of positivism is that the world is made up of ‘out there’ objectively knowable ‘facts’. Dilthey undercut this notion by asserting that the subject matter of the human studies was not mere facts of nature, but rather objectified expressions of the human mind. The second central assumption of positivism is that these facts are explainable or determined by general causal laws. In contrast, Dilthey asserted that, while we can explain the natural world, human action must be understood through an interpretive rather than a causal logic. In demonstrating and specifically describing such an interpretive procedure, Dilthey provided an epistemological and methodological grounding fur a humanistic science of the person and of the social world. His ideas illuminate the works even of his critics and his influence, though largely unacknowledged, continues to be widespread in all the human studies.     

Entrevista con H. J. Eysenck

RESUMEN

La obra de H.J. Eysenck ya forma parte, de hecho, de la historia de la psicología. Su labor de síntesis en el análisis científico de la personalidad (síntesis entre los procedimientos factoriales, los resultados de la psicología experimental, los datos clínicos y los análisis psicofisiológicos) ha marcado toda una época de estudio en este campo. Pero los intereses y aportaciones de Eysenck han ido más allá y abarcan desde los desarrollos primeros de la terapia de conducta al estudio de la determinación genética y ambiental de la inteligencia, de la exploración de las actitudes al análisis de las diferencias entre sexos. En esta entrevista el profesor Eysenck reflexiona sobre algunos puntos de sus teorías que han provocado fuertes controversias; la confusión entre posturas intelectuales e ideológicas, sus estudios sobre la eficacia de las terapias psicodinámicas, sus relaciones con la astrología, etc.     

W. H. R. Rivers and the war neuroses.

W. H. R. Rivers was the most famous member of the Cambridge Expedition to the Torres Strait. At the time, he was a physician and had an international reputation as a researcher in physiological psychology. The expedition signaled the beginning of his career in social anthropology, but also a long hiatus in his activities in medicine. His clinical interests revived during World War I. As an officer in the Royal Army Medical Corps (RAMC), Rivers became a leading proponent of "psychological medicine." Today, his war-time psychiatry is remembered mainly in association with his patient, Siegfried Sassoon. This article focuses on his wartime activities, his clinical practices, and his theories concerning the war neuroses and the unconscious. The currently popular view of Rivers as a quasi-Freudian humanist is challenged.