从无极到诚——略论周敦颐本体思想的演变

作为理学的开创者,周敦颐在儒学史上占有重要的地位,其贡献突出表现在理学本体论的建构上。周敦颐在《太极图说》中以"无极"为本体,体现出对道家思想的吸收;后来经过反思,在《通书》中抛弃了"无极"本体而建构了"诚"本体。从"无极"到"诚"的本体之演变过程,同时也是周敦颐思想走向成熟和对《周易》、《中庸》进行诠释的过程。     

朱震所述易学传承谱系之管见

宋代儒学的发展已经从汉代经学式的文本传承转向了儒家之道的传承,知识的传承不再依靠师生和文本的传授,而是直承孔孟儒家之精神。《周易》作为宋代理学建立的根底,是儒家思想坚实的理论基础和文献来源。朱震作为二程后学,精研《周易》,基于理学和易学发展的角度对易学传承谱系重新梳理,叙述了传自孔子的象数义理之儒家系统和宋代始自陈抟的图书系统,确立"北宋五子"在易学传承中的重要地位,并以《程氏易传》为本,融合张载、邵雍,采取汉魏以降的易学观点,试图建立融象数、义理及图书为一体的庞大的易学体系,以弥缝易学天人之道。     

丁若镛《易》注中的政治思想研究

论文考察茶山丁若镛《易》注关于社会政治的思考,突出论述其对君臣之道、为民教民的看法。茶山将儒家"仁政"思想和卦象的爻位联系起来,使个人身份和完满德性结合成就出理想的君臣、君民关系,儒家本体论式的价值观念为实践性的存在论所取代,形成一种独特的交互性的儒家角色伦理学。茶山《易》注的政治思想可被视作茶山实学思想的一个早期型态,他以儒学资源为本,将先验性的价值观念转化为经验性的现实行为和制度措施,注重将儒家伦理政治向制度落实,寻求解决社会现实问题的办法,试图避免性理学所造成的空疏之弊病。茶山易学在朱子易学的基础上创新和发展了易理方法,丰富了《周易》的实用价值,最终形成了独具特色的朝鲜易学。     

《周易》东传与古代朝鲜半岛阴阳说

中国古代儒家经籍《周易》于汉代时已东传至朝鲜半岛,并在其"三国"时被确立为国学教育体系中的重要学习内容。在儒学教育体制和科举"科经取士"制度的促动下,古代朝鲜半岛不仅全面、系统地吸纳了《周易》思想,李氏朝鲜时还形成了活跃的易学研究局面,建构了自身的易学体系,成为域外易学的重要组成部分。随着《周易》思想及易学研究在朝鲜半岛的不断深化,其阴阳说也逐步渗透至天文地理、政治思想与社会文化等领域中,最终对朝鲜半岛哲学思想的发展及民族思维的建构产生了深刻的影响。     

李鼎祚易学新探

李鼎祚是唐代重要易学家。他为纠正时人专以玄理谈《易》之弊而撰著《周易集解》。该书为后世保留了大量汉易象数成果。李鼎祚重视易之象数,他在《周易集解》中不仅继承和发展了汉易象数学,还客观强调了《易》之卜筮性质和功用,这体现了李鼎祚求真与务实的治学之风。李鼎祚重象数亦不舍义理,兼融儒道以说《易》是李氏易学的特色之一。李鼎祚提出易学源流之辨,以天象、象数为《易》之源头,以人事、义理为《易》之流传,主张学者治《易》应将天象与人事、象数与义理结合起来,融象数与义理于一体,而不应偏滞于天人之一端。这种治《易》理念在其《序卦》双出的著书特色中亦有体现。另外,在李鼎祚生活的唐中后期,宗教冲击人文日益严重,儒学面对佛老挑战,陷入困境。李鼎祚作为儒门代表,他不仅在现实中积极践履儒家的伦理道德准则,还在治《易》过程中注重对儒家义理的阐扬。李鼎祚将《周易》视为三教之源,以期通过易道之权威统领当时各家文化,建立以儒学为主导的社会新秩序,从而达到复兴儒学的目的。李鼎祚以《易》权舆三教,复兴儒学的主张反映了在唐代中后期儒学式微之际,儒家学者为修正儒学弊病,探索儒学新出路而做出的努力。     

情本易学：《周易》的“情感儒学”诠释

“情感儒学”思想在易学上的体现可称为“情本易学”,即将“情感”观念一以贯之地落实在对《周易》的诠释之中。由此,情感儒学展开了情本易学的心灵主体论、境界超越论和自然生态论。情本易学的心灵主体论建基于“人是情感的存在”命题,旨在揭示作为心灵主体的人的情感主体性在《周易》中的体现。情本易学的境界超越论揭示《周易》所蕴含的境界超越观念,即人的存在的心灵境界特征,以及这种境界是如何通过情感主体的自我超越而实现的。情本易学的自然生态论揭示《周易》自然观念的“大生命”本质,穷究“天人之际”的生态关系,最终达到“天人合一”的情感境界。     

《周易》对中国哲学史研究之重要意义——以若干重要问题为例兼论重写中国哲学史

《周易》是中国哲学的源头活水,不理解《周易》就不能写好与理解好中国哲学史。以往之中国哲学史研究,由于对《周易》及汉代易学没有正确认识,导致了对中国哲学史之重要思想的系列错解。对此,我们以对《老子》第四十二章、周敦颐《太极图》与《太极图说》、二程思想和朱熹《仁说》的解读需要深切把握《周易》及汉代易学思想为列,指出冯友兰、牟宗三、劳思光等诸先生在中国哲学史研究上的缺失。新时代应该有新的真正能够挺立中国文化主体性的《中国哲学史》著作,正确解读《周易》经传及其发展史是成功重写中国哲学史的最重要的前提。     

朱熹的易学思想

“理”是宋代理学的最高范畴，理学之得名即因这个范畴而来。“理”也叫做“道”，故理学亦名为道学。此道即《周易》所说的包括天地人在内的三才之道，此三才之道统称为性命之理。北宋五子作为理学的代表人物，同被列入道学传之中，皆以《易》为宗，致力于对此三才之道、性命之理的研究，因而就他们的研究对象与研究目的而言，也就具有理学的共同的特色。但是，在北宋五子中，周敦颐、邵雍的易学属于象数派，张载、二程的易学属于义理派，由于象数与义理判为两途，尽管他们生活在同一时代，相互之间过从甚密，在易学思想上却是无法交流，不…     

周敦颐与邵雍思想异同辨

周敦颐的《太极图》与邵雍的《先天图》都是依据《周易》立说,在后人的传说中,二人的易学均出于陈抟的"图书学";朱熹以后的理学家,也多以"周邵"并称,并力图将《太极图》和《先天图》合为一体。究其实,周敦颐和邵雍作为理学初期的代表人物,他们的思想都从宇宙论出发,具有许多共同之处。但是,周敦颐以"太极"为"诚",邵雍则以"太极"为"数之源",二者之间还是显示出重大差别。在境界论上,周敦颐的"孔颜之乐"与邵雍的"观物之乐",也判然有别。     

程颐易学的特点及其在中国易学史上的地位

程颐易学的特点及其在中国易学史上的地位蔡方鹿程颐以毕生精力研究易学,著《伊川易传》,创宋代易学之义理学派。其易学的特点是以新儒家的义理解释《周易》,认为《易》是载道之书,天地之道便包含在《易》中,《易》与天理相通,即事尽天理,便是“易”。程颐以天理说...     

Together – apart: in touch in a time of separation

This paper explores the experience of working as a Jungian analyst through the various phases of the global COVID-19 pandemic, examining the importance of the physical containing space alongside the analyst’s internal mind and how technology can both help and hinder understanding. A number of clinical vignettes illustrate the challenge of communicating over a distance, paying particular attention to the way countertransference phenomena can become re-attuned. Reference is made to mythology and symbols of hope, and consideration given to the meaning and purpose of the pandemic.     

The Possibility of Meaning in Human Evolution

Science undermines the certitude of non-naturalistic answers to the question of whether human life has meaning. I explore whether evolution can provide a naturalistic basis for existential meaning. Using the work of philosopher Daniel Dennett and scientist Ursula Goodenough, I argue that evolution is the locus of the possibility of meaning because it has produced intentionality, the matrix of consciousness. I conclude that the question of the meaning of human life is an existentialist one: existential meaning is a product of the individual and collective tasks human beings undertake.     

Phenotypic plasticity and archetype: a response to common objections to the biological theory of archetype and instinct

Since Jung’s death in 1961, scholars have attempted to integrate growing biological science data into Jungian concepts such as the collective unconscious, instincts and the archetypes. This enterprise has been challenging due to persistent false dichotomies of gene and environment occasionally arising. Recent works by Roesler (2022a, 2022b) for example, have raised objections to the biological theory of archetypes, but the objections are plagued by such dichotomies. The concept of phenotypic plasticity, however, helps to both avoid this problem as well as bridge the gap between competing theories into a more integrated model with solid biological foundations.     

When is it time to stop? When good enough becomes bad enough

This article draws on Winnicott’s concept of the good enough mother to discuss how to know whether a therapeutic situation is good enough to continue or bad enough to end. This dilemma is explored in terms of clinical syndromes, such as anorexia and pathological gambling, but focuses mainly on analyst-initiated endings, which are termed the ‘Casablanca dilemma’, based on an amplification of the ending of the film Casablanca. The author goes on to discuss such one-sided endings, drawing on interviews with 40 analysts and therapists about their clinical experience. A typology of bad enough endings is presented. The psychological differences between a good enough analysis as opposed to a bad enough one are explored through the ideas of Winnicott and Neumann.     

Kann Es Ein Argument Für Den Skeptizismus Geben? Das Epistemische Problem Der Irrtumsmöglichkeit

Summary  Is there any argument for scepticism? The epistemic problem of the possibility of error. Arguments for scepticism rest on the assumption that knowledge claims are fallible. For this reason the concept of knowledge appears to be questionable. Since it is necessary to distinguish doubts from possible doubts, the arguments for scepticism appear to be unconvincing. If we take it into account that we know something that is immune to doubt, we should draw the conclusion that, contrary to scepticism, knowledge claims have to be compatible with being fallible. Thus any knowledge claim is capable of being doubted.     

The transcendent function in Spitteler’s Prometheus and Epimetheus

In August 2020, John Beebe and Steve Myers met via Zoom to discuss their differing interpretations of psychological typology and the different sources within Jung’s writings that influenced their books: Integrity in Depth: Energies and Patterns in Psychological Type (Beebe), and Myers-Briggs Typology vs Jungian Individuation (Myers). The discussion centred on Spitteler’s epic poem Prometheus und Epimetheus, which forms the basis of chapter V of Psychological Types. This is both the largest chapter and one of two chapters that Jung highlighted in the Argentine foreword as containing the essence of the book. Jung’s book is primarily about the transformation of personality rather than the categorization of people. Although it contains a critical psychology that deconstructs the nature of consciousness, that is only one half of the book and a stepping-stone to the other half, which is the reconciliation of opposites with particular emphasis on the relation of consciousness and the unconscious. Jung assumed that readers were already familiar with Prometheus und Epimetheus, an understanding of which sheds light on the nature of the transformation that Jung described – the development of a new attitude towards attitude itself.     

Chapter 6: Biblical Foundations for a Practical Theology of Aging

SUMMARY

This article reviews Biblical sources pertaining to the elderly, particularly the frail elderly. Founded on these sources, implications for elderly with Alzheimer's Disease and other forms of dementia are addressed through a personal perspective informed by writings of Christian mystics.     

Seeing in the Dark: A View into Dissociation and Healing

In this paper, I will explore the role of art-making, the experience of trauma and dissociation, and the process of working with self-states from an analytic and creative frame. Relevant literature on dissociation, trauma, and the use of art will be discussed. A case involving my work with an adolescent girl who had experienced sexual abuse from a family member will be shared, with an emphasis on the meaningful role images played during the therapeutic process. Both Jungian and psychoanalytic models of conceptualizing and working with dissociation are included, following Donald Kalsched’s (2013) recommendation for a “binocular stance” to treatment, including both a focus on the inner, intrapsychic world and the interpersonal, relational realm, and how art images both illuminated and expressed these realms. Within the therapeutic process, art images allowed the therapist a view into the client’s unconscious process, and created a meeting ground for dissociative barriers to be gradually seen, felt and known, by both therapist and client. The experience of dissociation, in images and in session, provided a reference point for myself and my client, Taylor, to develop a shared understanding and a framework for growth.