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1.
This is a critical discussion of Nino B. Cocchiarella’s book “Formal Ontology and Conceptual Realism.” It focuses on paradoxes
of hyperintensionality that may arise in formal systems of intensional logic.
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2.
Agnosticism has been largely passed over in the literature on Theism. This paper lays out an affirmative case for the agnostic
position. Tapping into the classical arguments about the paradoxical qualities of ‘omni’ principles it argues that the agnostic
position is ultimately more tenable than either Theism or Atheism. In the first part it regards the paradoxes of omnipotence
and their replies strictly logically, declaring them to be true antimonies. In the second part it argues that classic arguments
for belief before proof run afoul of additional paradoxes and require the rejection of the most basic logical principles to
accept.
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3.
The paper tries to provide an alternative to Hempel’s approach to scientific laws and scientific explanation as given in his
D-N model. It starts with a brief exposition of the main characteristics of Hempel’s approach to deductive explanations based
on universal scientific laws and analyzes the problems and paradoxes inherent in this approach. By way of solution, it analyzes
the scientific laws and explanations in classical mechanics and then reconstructs the corresponding models of explanation,
as well as the types of scientific laws appearing in it. Finally, it compares this reconstruction with the approaches of J.
Woodward and C. Hitchcock, C. Liu and with the views of M. Thalos on analytic mechanics.
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4.
Relatively little is known about the factor structure of disruptive behavior among preadolescent girls. The present study
reports on exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses of disruptive girl behavior over four successive data waves as rated
by parents and teachers in a large, representative community sample of girls ( N = 2,451). Five factors were identified from parent ratings (oppositional behavior/conduct problems, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity,
relational aggression, and callous-unemotional behaviors), and four factors were identified derived from teacher ratings (oppositional
behavior/conduct problems/callous-unemotional behaviors, inattention, hyperactivityimpulsivity, and relational aggression).
There was a high degree of consistency of items loading on equivalent factors across parent and teacher ratings. Year-to-year
stability of factors between ages five and 12 was high for parent ratings (ICC = 0.70 to 0.88), and slightly lower for teacher
ratings (ICC = 0.56 to 0.83). These findings are discussed in terms of possible adjustment to the criteria for children's
disruptive behavior disorders found in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders.
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5.
In recent years, speech-act theory has mooted the possibility that one utterance can signify a number of different things.
This pluralist conception of signification lies at the heart of Thomas Bradwardine’s solution to the insolubles, logical puzzles
such as the semantic paradoxes, presented in Oxford in the early 1320s. His leading assumption was that signification is closed
under consequence, that is, that a proposition signifies everything which follows from what it signifies. Then any proposition
signifying its own falsity, he showed, also signifies its own truth and so, since it signifies things which cannot both obtain,
it is simply false. Bradwardine himself, and his contemporaries, did not elaborate this pluralist theory, or say much in its
defence. It can be shown to accord closely, however, with the prevailing conception of logical consequence in England in the
fourteenth century. Recent pluralist theories of signification, such as Grice’s, also endorse Bradwardine’s closure postulate
as a plausible constraint on signification, and so his analysis of the semantic paradoxes is seen to be both well-grounded
and plausible.
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6.
In this introduction we discuss the motivation behind the workshop “Towards a New Epistemology of Mathematics” of which this
special issue constitutes the proceedings. We elaborate on historical and empirical aspects of the desired new epistemology,
connect it to the public image of mathematics, and give a summary and an introduction to the contributions to this issue.
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7.
It is tempting to think that multi premise closure creates a special class of paradoxes having to do with the accumulation
of risks, and that these paradoxes could be escaped by rejecting the principle, while still retaining single premise closure.
I argue that single premise deduction is also susceptible to risks. I show that what I take to be the strongest argument for
rejecting multi premise closure is also an argument for rejecting single premise closure. Because of the symmetry between
the principles, they come as a package: either both will have to be rejected or both will have to be revised.
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8.
In my “Promising and Supererogation” I argue that one cannot fulfill promises to perform supererogatory actions (such as “I hereby promise to perform one supererogatory action every month”). In a response to my paper, David Heyd argues that there is an alternative solution to the problem I raise. While I agree with much that Heyd says about the examples he discusses, his proposed solution involves a crucial alteration of the problem; his proposed solution does not solve the problem I present. 相似文献
9.
This note is a reply to some of Giovanni Grandi’s comments on my paper “Berkeley’s Contingent Necessities.”
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10.
In this paper, I expose a conundrum regarding divine creation as Leibniz conceives of such creation. What energizes the conundrum
is that the concept of omnibenevolence—“consequential omnibenevolence”—that the Leibnizian argument for the view that the
actual world is the best of all possible worlds presupposes, appears to sanction the conclusion that God has no practical
reasons to create the actual world.
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11.
Jonathan Westphal’s recent paper attempts to reconcile the view that propositions about the future can be true or false now
with the idea that the future cannot now be real. I attempt to show that Westphal’s proposal is either unoriginal or unsatisfying.
It is unoriginal if it is just the well-known eternalist solution. It is unsatisfying if it is instead making use of a peculiar,
tensed truthmaking principle.
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12.
I provide a further response to Jason A. Beyer’s objections to the alleged inconsistency between God’s omniscience and His
other attributes.
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13.
This paper raises questions concerning Ted Morris’ interpretation of Hume’s notion of meaning and investigates the private
and public aspects of Hume’s notion of meaning.
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14.
This paper amounts to a reply to Professor Donald G. Brown’s thoughtful comment on my “Ethical Issues in Journal Peer-Review”,
which appeared in this journal.
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15.
It is generally agreed upon that Grice’s causal theory of perception describes a necessary condition for perception. It does
not describe sufficient conditions, however, since there are entities in causal chains that we do not perceive and not all
causal chains yield perceptions. One strategy for overcoming these problems is that of strengthening the notion of causality
(as done by David Lewis). Another is that of specifying the criteria according to which perceptual experiences should match
the way the world is (Frank Jackson and Michael Tye). Finally, one can also try to provide sufficient conditions by elaborating
on the content of perceptual experiences (Alva N?e). These different strategies are considered in this paper, with the conclusion
that none of them is successful. However, a careful examination of their problems points towards the general solution that
we outline at the end.
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16.
Previous studies have shown that a change in an existing object is not as effective in capturing attention as the appearance
of a new object. This view was recently challenged by Lu and Zhou (Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 12:567–572, 2005), who
found strong capture effects for an object changing its color. We suspected that this finding critically depends on a procedural
particularity in Lu and Zhou’s study, namely that the color of the unique item and the color of the no-unique items randomly
switched between trials. In the current study we replicate Lu and Zhou’s capture effect (Experiment 1) and show that no capture
occurs when the color-to-stimuli assignment is fixed (Experiment 2). Two further experiments suggest that the capture effect
in Experiment 1 is not because the unique item switched color (Experiment 3), but because all the no-unique items switched
color (Experiment 4). The results are discussed considering top-down modulation and inter-trial priming effects.
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17.
I raise several objections to Sosa’s account of knowledge as aptness. I argue that aptness is neither necessary nor sufficient
for knowledge. I also raise some objection to Sosa’s treatment of dreaming skepticism.
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18.
“Ontological emergence” of inherent high-level properties with causal powers is witnessed nowhere. A non-substantialist conception
of emergence works much better. It allows downward causation, provided our concept of causality is transformed accordingly.
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20.
In examining representations of cities, disease, and human biology, this paper reflects on what technologies reveal of the
conditions to which they’re turned.
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