Les apprenti-e-s face aux contraintes en formation professionnelle en alternance : entre souffrance et plaisir

This paper focuses on the Swiss dual system of vocational education and training (VET), on the basis of the results of a study on VET dropouts. The adopted theoretical framework and method of analysis is the psychodynamic of work, which makes it possible to stress the specific constraints of a system that is closely related to the world of work. The various forms of suffering evoked by apprentices, as well as the strategies implemented to cope with it, are highlighted. The analyses also stress the pleasure young people can experience in VET. Between pleasure and suffering, these elements make it possible to consider both the assets and the shortcomings of this education system.     

Discrepancias entre padres e hijos adolescentes en la frecuencia percibida e intensidad emocional en los conflictos familiares

Resumen

Se analizan las discrepancias entre las diadas padre-hijo, padre-hija, madre-hijo y madre-hija en la percepción de la frecuencia e intensidad emocional de conflictos en familias con hijos adolescentes de 12 a 17 años. Se contó con la colaboración de 433 familias canarias que respondieron a un amplio inventario conteniendo 63 situaciones conflictivas, elaborado para esta investigación. Los resultados indican que, aunque los hijos perciben más conflictos que sus padres, todos ellos coinciden en destacar como conflictos más frecuentes los relacionados con las tareas domésticas y la regulación de actividades cotidianas. Los padres se muestran más afectados en aquellos conflictos relacionados con las tareas domésticas, los estudios, la regulación de actividades cotidianas, la personalidad del adolescente y las relaciones de pareja. Los hijos se muestran más preocupados en aquellos conflictos relacionados con las relaciones entre hermanos, entre padres e hijos y por el dinero de bolsillo. La díada madre-hija es la que discrepa emocionalmente en más conflictos. Las edades de 14 y 15 años parecen corresponder a la máxima conflictividad familiar. También el sexo de los padres, el nivel de estudio de la madre, y la zona de residencia son variables relacionadas con la frecuencia e intensidad de determinados conflictos.     

Untersuchungen zur theorie des hypothetischen urteils

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Les caracteres perceptifs des objets et la theorie mathematique des groupes

Objects present some perceptive qualities that might be called “objectual” and others that might be called “relational”. Sometimes the same sensorial process generates both, and the psychological process which works the discrimination between these two kinds of perceptive qualities, allows us to single out of reality elements that are constant, notwithstanding the variation of physical conditions, and which we called the “objectual qualities” of objects.     

Optimism as a mediator between resilience and affective states in older adults / El optimismo como mediador entre la resiliencia y estados afectivos en adultos mayores

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore whether resilience is associated with and a predictor of depression, anxiety, negative and positive affect, life satisfaction and subjective happiness in older adults, and whether these relationships are mediated by optimism. To analyse this, different scales were administered to a sample of 240 elderly people and correlational and mediational analysis was carried out. The results showed relationships between all the variables. Similarly, we found that optimism is a partial mediator of the relationship between resilience and the aforementioned variables. Our results evidenced that increasing resilience and optimism in elderly people could be favourable to successful ageing.     

Polydrug use trajectories and differences in impulsivity among adolescentsTrayectorias de policonsumo y diferencias en impulsividad entre adolescentes

Background/Objective: Although alcohol, tobacco and cannabis are the most widely consumed drugs, sparse data exist regarding polydrug use in adolescents and its relationship with impulsivity. This study aims to identify trajectories of polydrug use and analyze differences in impulsivity between them. Method: A total of 1,565 adolescents (54.4% males; mean age = 13.02, SD = 0.57) were annually assessed over three years using the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, the Zuckerman Impulsive Sensation Seeking Scale, a Stroop Test and a Delay Discounting Task. Frequency of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use, intoxication episodes and problem drinking were also assessed. Polydrug trajectories were identified using latent class mixed modelling. To examine differences in self-reported and behavioral impulsivity two mixed multivariate analyses of covariance were used. Results: Three trajectories of substance use were found. The ‘Experimental use’ and the ‘Early use’ trajectories presented the lowest and highest impulsivity, respectively. Substance use increases in the ‘Telescoped used’ trajectory were associated with parallel increases in impulsivity. Conclusions: individuals with divergent patterns of substance use during adolescence differ in their impulsiveness, primarily in general impulsivity and sensation seeking. Present findings suggest the relevance of these facets as possible targets for interventions preventing the onset and escalation of substance use.     

Modes d'expression en sociologie et en ethnologie

Sans résumé     

Racism en Route

This article argues that in Africa, the nature and advent of racism has to be traced back to the earliest encounters between Africans and Europeans, including the first seven centuries but especially during the slavery and colonial eras. Religion (notably Islam and Christianity), trade, education, culture, and “science” were important incubators and justifiers of racism, in earlier as well as recent times. The paper concludes by proposing some ways in which African theology can stay agile and keep pace with the resilient and adaptive forms of racism in contemporary Africa.     

La relation entre la culture organisationnelle et les agressions au travail

This study aimed to determine how perceptions of group, developmental, hierarchical and rational organizational culture contribute to workplace aggressions. Aggressions included low intensity incivilities to violent physical acts. Data came from the SALVEO surveys containing a sample of 1942 workers employed in 63 workplaces. Multilevel analyses revealed that the perception of the group culture is associated with lower levels of incivilities while the developmental culture is associated with higher levels of incivilities.     

The role of violence between parents on the sexism and well-being of their children / El papel de la violencia entre progenitores en el sexismo y bienestar de los hijos e hijas

The main purpose of this study was to analyse whether children’s exposure to marital violence was associated with higher levels of hostile or benevolent sexism and with lower psychological well-being when they are adults. The sample consisted of 1,378 university students of both sexes aged between 17 and 30. As was expected, marital violence and ambivalent sexism inversely predicted children’s psychological well-being. Children’s exposure to marital violence was a significant predictor of ambivalent sexism, although its low predictive value is discussed.     

Mesure du bien-être psychologique dans un contexte de réadaptation fonctionnelle

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid, sensitive and reliable tool to measure psychological well-being in rehabilitation context. Psychologists working in different European countries, set out ideas on the basis of their experience and collected data from the people involved; then the researchers in social psychology analysed this data and guided the practitioners approach by developing a tool based on scientific indicators. Factor analyses allowed to reorganize the initial questionnaire and to define 4 factors important to appreciate psychological well-being in this context: cognitive and social abilities, communication skills about their own difficulties, knowledge of their health, and emotional coping. The final tool appears to be sensitive to evolution during the rehabilitation process on two factors: communication skills and emotional coping.     

Egoisme en Altruisme

in leven hoogleeraar te AmsterdamFragment; uitvoeriger in:I. J. de Bussy,De wetenschap der moraal, Drukkerij en Uitgeverij J. H. de Bussy, Amsterdam.