关于阴茎移植的伦理问题

随着医学科学的发展,器官移植日趋成熟,不仅使患者延长了生命,更大大提高了生活质量。阴茎移植是器官移植和免疫学发展的结晶,是异体器官移植领域内新的突破,为阴茎缺失的患者带来了新生,对患者心理、家庭和社会有着重大影响。但目前异体阴茎移植刚刚起步,技术尚不成熟,且阴茎是一特殊器官,涉及到的伦理道德问题很多,我们试图从受者、供者、医生和法律等方面讨论阴茎移植所面临的伦理道德问题,希望阴茎移植能真正造福于人类。     

Association Between Life Satisfaction and Sexual Risk-Taking Behaviors Among Adolescents

Relationships between perceived life satisfaction and sexual risk-taking behaviors were examined in a statewide sample of public high school students (n = 4,758) using the self-report CDC Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). Adjusted polychotomous logistic regression analyses and multivariate models (via SUDAAN) constructed separately, revealed a significant race by gender interaction for each race-gender group. Age of first intercourse (13), two or more lifetime sexual intercourse partners, alcohol/drug use before last intercourse, no use of contraception at last intercourse, being forced to have sex, forcing someone to have sex, and having beaten up a date in the last 12 months and having been beaten up by a date (in last 12 months) were associated (p = .05) with reduced life satisfaction. Measures of life satisfaction as a component of comprehensive assessments of adolescent sexual risk-taking behaviors in fieldwork, research, and program-evaluation efforts should be considered.     

Reliability issues in the penile assessment of incarcerants

Although there has been increased reliance upon the direct physiological measurement of penile tumescence in the assessment of sexual deviations, the reliability of these measures has never been empirically validated. This investigation evaluates the reliability of the rape index as a technique in differentiating rapists from nonrapists. Eighteen individuals incarcerated on non-sexual-related offenses were presented visual and audio stimuli depicting mutually consenting intercourse, rape, and aggression. These stimuli were presented under two instructional sets: (1) enchance arousal and (2) suppress arousal. Reliability indices for the rape index were computed among various conditions of modality presentation, instructional set, and test-retest conditions. The overall reliability of the rape index was found to be low. The implications of these results upon the assessment and classification of offenders is discussed.     

中国大陆宁养照顾对癌症末期患者生活质量之影响

宁养工作强调全人的照顾,不但能维持原有的生活方式,而且能提高生活的品质。本研究旨在探讨癌症末期患者在宁养照顾介入后,生活质量的改变。研究分为试验组（n=630）和对照组（n=241）。研究的结果显示癌症末期患者经过宁养介入后,其身、心、灵、社会之生活品质大幅度改善。而对照组患者仅在身体生活质量方面有显著改变。因此对医疗人员、社会大众的临终关怀观念的推广及教育是迫切需要的,立法更是不容忽视的课题,正确的立法才能真正推动宁养工作的发展。     

生存质量在晚期肿瘤疗效评价中的思考

传统的肿瘤疗效评价方法多采用治愈率、生存率等指标来衡量。随着传统医学模式向生物一心理一社会医学模式转变,生存质量越来越受到重视。生存质量从一个新的角度评价治疗效果,更重视患者的主观感受,而不是仅将临床客观指标作为评价标准,能更客观地指导治疗方案的选择。     

癌症患者生存质量研究进展

随着癌症患者生存时间和生存人数的增加,生存者本人和家属更加重视生存质量。本文总结分析近年来国内外癌症患者生存质量的研究状况,以期在癌症治疗过程中,不仅关注躯体功能和疾病本身以及由治疗带来的症状和体征,同时注重心理和社会职能。     

Cognitive and physiological indices of sexual arousal in homosexual,bisexual, and heterosexual males

Cognitive and physiological indices of sexual arousal were investigated utilizing groups of homosexual, bisexual, and heterosexual subjects (ten subjects per group) who were presented both homosexual and heterosexual films and slides. The results indicated that both homosexual and heterosexual subjects were able to estimate accurately their degree of erection to the erotic stimuli. Bisexual subjects, however, showed a large discrepancy between the magnitude of actual erection and verbally reported estimates of penile tumescence. In terms of physiological arousal, the erectile responses of the homosexual and bisexual groups were indistinguishable, a finding which questions the existence of male bisexuality as distinct from homosexuality or as a different sexual orientation in males.     

EORTC QLQ—C30及其在胸部肿瘤患者生命质量研究中的应用

生命质量研究是近年来肿瘤研究的热点之一,其主要作用评价治疗效果,选择治疗方案;应用于抗肿瘤新药筛选;用于预测患者预后和远期生存状态。EORTC QLQ-C30及其子量表在世界范围内被应用于胸部肿瘤治疗和研究当中并取得了较好效果,为评价食管癌和肺癌的各种治疗方法提供了一个较好的参考标准,同时对提高食管癌和肺癌的治疗水平和改善病人生命质量起到了一定的推动作用。     

Editorial

No abstract available for this article.     

心血管疾病的康复和旅游——生当如夏花般灿烂

现代社会导致了心血管疾病发病率的提高,同时人们越来越注重生活的质量和品质。作为生活品质标志之一的旅游能够改善心血管疾病康复患者的预后,愉悦他们的身心,而且一定高度的登山和商业飞行对患者基本是安全的。在康复旅游中我们仍有一些问题需要进一步解决。     

本土化意义治疗法的建立及对晚期癌症患者治疗作用的初步评价

通过参考国内外的意义治疗研究并总结前期经验,构建了＂意义治疗三步骤法＂的本土化意义治疗方法.应用＂意义治疗三步骤法＂对符合要求的50名宁养院晚期癌症患者进行治疗,并于治疗前后分别应用生命态度剖面图量表和McGill生活质量问卷进行评估.经过治疗后,94%的患者能有效心灵沟通,患者治疗后的生命意义感和生活质量明显提高,焦虑和抑郁情绪明显改善.因而＂意义治疗三步骤法＂是一种有效的本土化意义治疗工具,值得进一步研究与临床推广应用.     

The psychometric properties of the penile tumescence assessment of child molesters

The presence of sexual arousal to children or a sexual preference for children are commonly hypothesized as being related to child molesting. Sexual arousal and sexual preference do not appear to be accurately assessed by traditional assessment methods such as the clinical interview and traditional personality testing or by projective testing (Earls, 1992). Penile tumescence measurement is an increasingly utilized method for assessing sexual arousal and preference in child molesters. The published literature concerning the psychometric properties of this technology as used with child molesters is critically reviewed. Basic questions concerning the sexual preference hypothesis, the criterion problem, the lack of procedural standardization, the kind of test penile tumescence measures exemplifies, and potentially problematic inferences involved in penile tumescence assessment are examined. There is evidence of test-retest and internal consistency reliabilities for certain penile tumescence measurement procedures. While there are a significant number of studies providing evidence that these techniques can accurately distinguish child abusers from nonoffenders, many are plagued by methodological problems. Suggestions for future research are given.The authors would like to thank Henry Adams, Christopher Earls, Steven R. Gold, D. Richard Laws, Barry M. Maletzky, and several anonymous reviewers for their comments on earlier versions of this paper.     

老年膀胱癌患者术后生活质量及其影响因素的研究

调查老年膀胱癌患者术后生活质量现状及其影响因素,为护理干预和健康管理提供依据。选择我院2013年6月至2014年1月收治的老年膀胱癌患者142例作为研究对象,于患者术后3个月采用膀胱癌特异性量表（FACT-BL）,社会支持评定量表（SSRS）进行数据收集。结果老年膀胱癌患者术后FACT-BL平均得分为（94．33＆#177;8．31）分,SSRS平均得分为（33．70＆#177;4．42）分,不同手术方式躯体状况（PWB）,社会/家庭状况（FWB）,FACT-BL 得分差异具有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,老年膀胱癌患者术后生活质量与社会支持呈正相关关系（P＜0．05）。手术方式与老年膀胱癌患者术后生活质量密切相关,应结合患者的具体情况选择合适的手术方式,实时观察患者的社会支持水平。     

住院放化疗肺癌患者生活质量影响因素分析

生活质量研究是近年来肿瘤治疗研究的热点之一。应用生存质量核心问卷（QLQ—C30）及卡氏功能量表,于治疗前、中、后进行问卷式调查,探讨60例经病理证实接受放、化疗的肺癌患者生活质量的影响因素,预测患者预后和远期生存状态,为住院放化疗肺癌的治疗方法提供一个较好的参考标准,对放化疗肺癌的治疗水平和改善生活质量起到了一定的推动作用。     

乳腺癌患者自我管理行为与生活质量的相关性研究

探讨乳腺癌患者自我管理行为、生活质量及两者之间的相关性.应用慢性病自我管理研究测量表中的自我管理行为量表、乳腺癌患者生活质量测定量表调查260例乳腺癌患者的自我管理行为和生活质量.乳腺癌患者自我管理行为及生活质量现状均不理想,自我管理行为与生活质量呈正相关（P＜0.05）.乳腺癌患者自我管理行为与生活质量间有密切关系,临床护理工作中可对患者进行护理干预来增强其自我管理行为,进而提高生活质量.     

1例晚期肿瘤患者宁养服务浅谈

通过提供居家宁养护理指导和心理疏导的方法,为晚期癌症患者提供身、心、灵全方位的照顾,从而提高晚期癌症患者的生活质量。通过对1例晚期肿瘤患者进行症状控制、护理指导、心理疏导、灵性沟通,该晚期肿瘤患者及家属的自身照顾能力提高,晚期肿瘤患者在生命末期的生活质量有所提高,最终达到善终。身心灵的照顾在宁养服务中起重要作用,有利于患者生活质量的提高,但仍要根据患者的个体特点并掌握一定技巧。     

肿瘤姑息治疗的全程介入

恶性肿瘤严重威胁人类健康,肿瘤本身以及针对肿瘤的治疗不仅会对患者的生理和心理产生重要影响,同时也会对照顾患者的家人产生各种心理影响。现有医疗条件下短时间内难以提高治愈率,就应更加注重将姑息治疗贯穿于肿瘤治疗的始终,不仅要及早介入,甚至延伸至居丧期。在肿瘤治疗过程中不断对肿瘤患者进行评估和适时调整姑息治疗策略,可有效地提高患者生活质量同时降低医疗成本,最终患者能够在不同阶段和各种治疗手段中获得最大受益。