纳粹德国知识难民在英国的流亡

在纳粹统治欧洲的1933至1945年间,英国接收了55000多名来自纳粹德国的犹太难民,超过流亡到美国的130000名犹太难民的1/3以上.为如此之多的流亡者提供避难所,对于当时的英国来说是相当不容易的,因为这是在德国的扩张主义不断增强,英国不得不重整军备,甚至不得不承受战争高压的情况下发生的.尽管英国的官僚机构在战时采取过诸如拘押、遣送、流放之类的错误政策,以至于最后定居于英国的犹太难民中只有250名流亡科学家和1200名文化流亡者,但这些来自纳粹德国的知识难民与英国人民一起分享了战争时期的危险和贫困.他们与英国人民同甘共苦的经历,以及他们对英国的科学、文化发展所做出的贡献,最终使他们赢得了英国人民的尊重.     

Racial Justice for the Windrush Generation in Great Britain

This article argues that the experience of the “Windrush generation,” Black Caribbean post–Second World War migrants to the UK, has been one of constant struggle for racial justice. Living in Britain has been undertaken against the backdrop of a Mission Christianity that has exuded a distinct anti-Blackness in its relationship with Black bodies across four centuries. This particular dynamic of “Christian Britain” has created a framework that has helped to shape the agency of Black bodies, essentially marking them as “less than.” This theo-cultural framework has led to a racialized existence for Black British people of the Windrush generation and their descendants. The Christianity that has emerged from the Black Caribbean experience constantly challenges White British Christianity to express an anti-racist and more inclusive model of liberative praxis. This paper is written against the backdrop of the Brexit furore in Britain and the xenophobia and rise in racist attacks that have underpinned the rise in White British nationalism.     

Parent and Adolescent Gender Role Attitudes in 1990s Great Britain

Using data from the British Household Panel Survey, this short-term longitudinal study examined relationships between early- and mid-adolescents' gender role attitudes and the attitudes of their parents. Between 1994 and 1997, 602 families answered questions about the roles of husbands and wives, and whether or not having a working mother is harmful to families. Results confirmed that the gender differences that have been found consistently in the literature regarding adults extend back into early adolescence. Adolescent girls' attitudes were markedly more nontraditional than all other family members. However, results only partially supported our hypotheses regarding family influence on attitudes. In particular, we found little evidence that adolescent attitudes would more closely resemble those of the same-gender parent. Analysis of individual questions supports arguments that gender roles are complex and socially determined, and that British men of both adult and adolescent generations have begun in principle to accept nontraditional roles for wives but are less willing to support any erosion of male power in the family.     

The Validity of Gottheil's Oral Trait Scale in Great Britain

The Gottheil oral scale was administered to a large sample of British students and subjected to item analysis. This revealed that only 16 of the 40 items were forming a common scale. Furthermore, examination of the content of the successful items suggested that these were measuring social extraversion. It was concluded that, in British samples at least, the validity of the Gottheil oral scale was in serious doubt and that previous results with this scale would have to be treated with extreme caution.