共查询到17条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
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通过梳理近十年的相关文献,从生理、个体心理和社会环境三方面分析女性在科学、技术、工程和数学(Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, STEM)领域的低参与度和高流失率现象的成因。生理因素主要是大脑结构和性激素的作用;心理因素是自我效能感、认知能力以及STEM兴趣的性别差异;社会环境因素则涉及性别刻板印象、家庭和学校的影响。目前的干预研究主要探究了学校、家庭和社会媒体消除性别刻板印象和提升STEM兴趣的相关教育干预措施的效果。未来研究应聚焦于拓展研究视野至STEM新兴领域、加强本土化研究、开展干预研究并评估其长期效果。 相似文献
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随机抽取日本东京两所大学在校大学生80名,其中男女各半.采用2×2混合实验设计和实验性分离范式研究性别刻板印象,并将研究结果与前期中国文化背景下的研究结果进行比较,以探讨两种不同文化背景下的性别刻板印象之内隐与外显性别效应,结果发现:在两种不同的文化背景下,均存在显著的外显性别刻板印象和内隐性别刻板印象效应;外显性别刻板印象的内容是"男刚女柔",在中国文化背景下,两性均表现为自尊倾向,在日本文化背景下表现为女性自尊、男性尊他倾向;内隐性别刻板印象的内容是"男优女劣",表现为女性自卑、男性自信的倾向. 相似文献
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刻板印象威胁是个体经历的一种风险,处于该风险中的个体担心自己会验证所属群体的消极刻板印象。刻板印象威胁会导致个体行为上的表现下降和心理上的分离与不认同。同时,刻板印象威胁效应也会受领域认同、群体认同和自我等因素的影响。心理机制方面,已由焦虑、唤醒等单一机制研究转向了多威胁线索加工模型、综合过程模型的探讨。研究发现,刻板印象威胁可以采用重塑任务与建立认同安全环境等手段进行应对。未来研究将集中于心理后果的研究、不同类型威胁的后继研究、现场研究及本土化研究。 相似文献
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性别刻板印象威胁效应作为社会心理学的重要研究方向,近年来遭到了可重复性问题的质疑,主要表现为无性别刻板印象威胁效应和反性别刻板印象威胁效应。究其原因,可能是受诸如刻板印象意识、领域认同和任务难度等调节变量、被试年龄、相关知识、发表偏倚、统计方法和理论误定等因素的影响。因此,未来亟须从细化调节变量、开展重复研究、选择统计方法、聚焦文化差异和探索其他变量等方面开展性别刻板印象威胁效应的研究。 相似文献
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摘 要 目的:探索西方女性心理学研究的特点和规律,为我国本土化的女性心理学研究提供理论参考。方法:文献与理论分析法。结果:西方女性心理学在研究主题上更加关注女性特有的心理行为规律,如性暴力、身体意像、摄食障碍等;关注对象从过去以白人为主的主流群体向弱势群体转变;研究方法向趋向多元和整合。未来的发展趋势表现为:研究对象的拓展和研究方法的深化,多理论视角与跨学科的整合,科学和价值问题的平衡等三个特点。结论:西方女性心理学的发展规律可为我国本土化的女性心理学研究提供指导。关键词 女性心理学 回顾 展望 本土化 相似文献
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在当前企业内外环境发生深刻变化的背景下,系统研究员工的心理资本是全面认识和掌握企业人力资源的特点、内涵和相应管理对策的重要手段。首先,文章回顾了有关心理资本的定义、构成要素等方面的研究。然后,分析了心理资本对领导和员工的影响,说明了心理资本开发与管理的一些基本方法。最后,分析和指出了心理资本研究的未来趋势 相似文献
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数学性别刻板印象的内隐联想测验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究采用IAT实验设计,考察大学生的内隐数学-性别刻板印象.结果发现,IAT方法能检测到大学生存在"男性比女性更擅长数学"的内隐数学-性别刻板印象;IAT所测量到的内隐数学-性别刻板印象有性别差异,所测得的内隐数学-性别刻板印象没有专业差异; IAT与SEB所测得的结果不相同,IAT和SEB测得的是被试记忆中复杂网络联结的不同方面. 相似文献
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性别、性别角色和性别观念对大学生人格特征的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对北京市5所大学552名大学生的调查,探讨性别、性别角色类型和性别观念类型对大学生人格特征的影响。结果表明:(1)性别角色和性别观念比生理性别对大学生人格特征的影响更大。(2)双性化大学生具有更多积极的人格特征;传统型大学生具有较高的面子;反传统型大学生具有较高的宜人性和较低的面子;冲突型大学生具有较高的神经质、防御性和较低的宜人性、灵活性;未分化型大学生具有较高的宜人性和较低的神经质。 相似文献
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双性化大学生人格特征研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过对北京市某所大学826名大学生的调查,探讨性别、性别角色类型和新性别角色类型对大学生人格特征的影响。结果表明:1)双性化性别角色类型大学生约占1/4;2)用贝姆的分类方法,双性化大学生在开放性、宜人性、责任感、和谐性、人情、灵活性人格特征上均高于其他性别角色类型的大学生,可见,双性化性别角色大学生具有较积极的人格特征。按照Brenda Mae Woodhill和CurtisA.Samuels的分类方法,在外向性、开放性、宜人性、责任感、和谐性人格特征上,正性双性化性别角色类型的大学生均高于负性双性化大学生和其他性别角色类型的大学生。 相似文献
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In this study, we examined how math identity moderates women's response to gender-related stereotypes in the domain of mathematics.
Male and female college students with varying degrees of math identification took a challenging math test with a gender-related
stereotype either activated (i.e., stereotype threat) or nullified. Consistent with previous research, women performed worse
than men in the stereotype threat condition, but equal to men in the stereotype nullification condition when performance was
adjusted for math SAT scores. Moreover, when faced with stereotype threat, high math-identified women discounted the validity
of the test more than did less math-identified women or men in general. We discuss potential benefits and drawbacks of a discounting
strategy for women who are highly identified with math. 相似文献
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Transgender people provide a unique opportunity to examine the effect of biological sex versus gender identity on mating preferences. This study aimed at identifying the mate characteristics that are most and least valued by transgender people and at examining to what extent their biological sex or their gender identity determined their mate preferences. A convenience sample of 134 male‐to‐female (MTF) and 94 female‐to‐male (FTM) individuals from Argentina rated Buss's list of 18 mate attributes. Compared to FTM, MTF individuals placed significantly more emphasis on attractiveness and socioeconomic status, whereas FTM, more than MTF individuals, valued partners with a dependable character. Although biological sex differences were present in both groups, providing support to the evolutionary theory, MTF individuals valued the same characteristics as both biological male and female individuals do. 相似文献
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In this article, I argue that gender is a complex sociocultural construct, yet how gender is accounted for in psychological research is limited. Specifically, psychologists conflate sex with gender, rely on quantifying gender differences and, by implication, conceptualise gender as merely a participant characteristic. To illustrate, I apply this viewpoint to the topic of gender differences in tobacco use/cessation using on a feminist quality appraisal tool. I show how these three issues promote the narrow study of sex/gender differences, despite problems surrounding this inquiry, and reduce insights into the intersection of gender and behaviour. To offer a way forward for psychology, I describe how a critical psychology perspective attends to the complexities of gender and its influence on behaviour. I showcase diverse ways of attending to gender as a sociocultural construct, inviting psychologists to engage with, and reflect on, their gender analyses. 相似文献
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Madeleine Pownall;Nathan Heflick; 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2024,34(2):e2784
Globally, men and women are numerically dominant in undergraduate degrees in math and psychology, respectively. A variety of theoretical perspectives predict that individuals who adhere more to gender stereotypes will be more represented in gender-dominant fields. Using a pre-registered methodology, we recruited men and women enrolled in psychology and math degree programmes in the United Kingdom and assessed a variety of gender beliefs and identities. Overall, femininity was (marginally) higher in psychology, and higher amongst women generally. Moderated regression analyses revealed that women who were low in masculinity and high in femininity (the stereotypical pattern) were most likely to be in psychology degrees, whilst women who were low in both were most likely to be enrolled onto math programmes. For men, no component of gender identity or beliefs predicted degree programmes. Overall, these results demonstrate how dimensions of gender identity may account for gender differences in undergraduate representation. Specifically, women in STEM fields tend to not describe themselves in stereotypical masculine or feminine traits. We discuss implications for efforts to increase uptake of gender stereotype incongruent career paths (e.g., women in STEM) with a particular focus on how femininity may be rejected in counter-stereotypical domains. 相似文献